TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS, FONT SIZE 12,
TIMES NEWS ROMAN, CENTRED, BOLD
STUDENT’S NAME
A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering
(Hons.) Mechanical Engineering
Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
April 2017
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS vi
LIST OF APPENDICES vii
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Introduction 1
1.2 Importance of the Study 1
1.3 Problem Statement 2
1.4 Aims and Objectives 2
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Literature Review 4
2.3 Subsection Title 5
2.3.1 Sub-subsection Title 5
2.4 Summary 6
3 METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN 7
3.1 Introduction 7
3.2 Requirement/ Specification/ Standards (Optional) 7
3.2.1 Sub-subsection Title 7
3.3 Summary 8
4 PREMINARY RESULTS (OPTIONAL) 9
4.1 Introduction 9
iii
4.2 Subsection Title 9
4.3 Subsection Title 9
4.3.1 Sub-subsection Title 9
4.4 Summary 10
5 PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS 11
5.1 Problems encountered 11
5.2 Recommended Solutions 11
REFERENCES 12
APPENDICES 14
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Harvard citation style 3
Table 3.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different
Production Line 7
Table 4.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different
Production Line 10
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman Logo 6
Figure 3.1: Reflection from Smooth Surface 8
Figure 4.1: UTAR Logo 10
vi
LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS
cp specific heat capacity, J/(kgK)
h height, m
Kd discharge coefficient
M mass flow rate, kg/s
P pressure, kPa
Pb back pressure, kPa
R mass flow rate ratio
T temperature, K
v specific volume, m3
homogeneous void fraction
pressure ratio
density, kg/m3
compressible flow parameter
ID inner diameter, m
MAP maximum allowable pressure, kPa
MAWP maximum allowable working pressure, kPa
OD outer diameter, m
RV relief valve
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Graphs 14
APPENDIX B: Computer Programme Listing 15
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
1.2 Importance of the Study
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
G1=ho
ρ√T o c p
+32(1.1)
where
G1 = specific mass flow rate, kg/s
= density, kg/m3
T = temperature, K
ho = xxx, m
Spacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation
should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.
G2=√2 ρ (PS−P2) (1.2)
2
where
G2 = specific mass flow rate, kg/s
= density, kg/m3
Spacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation
should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.
1.3 Problem Statement
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
1.4 Aims and Objectives
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
3
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. (Warner, 2002).
When presenting your research paper, it is important that you
providereferences to the sources of information you have used in your research.
Referencing is a method ofacknowledging the contributions and work of others in
your writing. You will have to providebrief information in the text and full
bibliographic details of all SOURCES consulted in your Reference List at the end of
your piece of work. The “Harvard Referencing System” is an author-date system for
citing and referencingsources of information.This guide provides examples of In-text
citation and referencing according to the HarvardReferencing System for various
information sources. Refer to the following:
Table 2.1: Harvard citation style
Reference list format In-Text Citation
One Author:Author, Initial(s)., Year. Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), Volume (Issue or number), Page number(s).
Huffman, L.M., 1996. Processing whey protein for use as a food ingredient. Food Technology, 50(2), pp. 49-52.
Two Authors:Author, Initial(s). and Author, Initial(s)., Year. Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), Volume (Issue or number), Page number(s).
Lamb, R. and Kling, R., 2003. Reconceptualizing users as social actors in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 27(2), pp. 197-198.
(Huffman, 1996) … ORHuffman (1996) …
(Lamb and Kling, 2003) …ORLamb and Kling (2003) …
Table 2 .1 (Continued)
Three Authors FormatAuthor, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s). and Author, Initial(s)., Year. Year. Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), Volume
4
(Issue or number), Page number(s).
Bent, M., Campbell, J. and Spencer, C., 2007. Academic practice in computing and engineering. Journal of Citation and Referencing, 19(4), pp. 45-56.
Four Authors Or MoreAuthor, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s)., Author, Initial(s). and Author, Initial(s)., Year. Title of journal article. Title of journal (italicized), Volume (Issue or number), Page number(s).
Gillespie, N.C., Lewis, R.J., Pearn, J.H., Bourke, A.T., Holmes, M.J., Bourke, J.B. and Shields, W.J. 1986, Ciguatera in Australia: occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and management. Medical Journal of Australia, 145(11-12), pp. 584-590.
(Bent, Campbell and Spencer, 2007) …ORBent, Campbell and Spencer (2007) …
(Gillespie, et al.,1986) …ORGillespie, et al. (1986) …
2.2 Literature Review
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
All tables must be numbered with respect to the chapter using Arabic
numeric. For example, Table 2.2 is the secondtable that appears in Chapter 2. All
tables must have a caption, which should be positioned at the top of the table.
Spacing between the last line of text and table is 1.5 lines. A new table must start on
a new page.
Table 2.2: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line in
ABC Company
BreadProduction Line
1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29
5
Spacing between the table and first line of text is 1.5 lines. If the caption is
written in a single line, it should be centred. If the caption is more than one line, it
should be align to the left. A table should be positioned after it has been cited for the
first time in the text. All tables in the chapter can also be grouped together and
positioned at an appropriate location. Tables which are presented in landscape format
should be bound with the top of the table to the spine.
2.3 Subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing
between last line of text and the next subsection title is 1.5 lines.
2.3.1 Sub-subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
All figures must be numbered with respect to the chapter using Arabic
numeric. For example, Figure 2.1 is the first figure that appears in Chapter 2. All
figures must have a caption, which should be positioned at the bottom of the figure.
Caption should be bold and written in Title Case. If the caption is written in a single
line, it should be centred. If the caption is more than one line, it should be align to the
left.
Figure 2.1: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Logo
Spacing between figure caption and first line of text is 1.5 lines.Figure should
be positioned after it has been cited for the first time in the text. All figures in the
chapter can also be grouped together and positioned at an appropriate location.
6
Figures which are presented in landscape format should be bound with the top of the
figure to the spine.
2.4 Summary
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
7
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY AND WORK PLAN
3.1 Introduction
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
3.2 Requirement/ Specification/ Standards (Optional)
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
3.2.1 Sub-subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Table 3.2: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line
BreadProduction Line
1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29
Spacing between the table and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Spacing between
the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.
Source Reflected
8
Figure 3.2: Reflection from Smooth Surface
Spacing between the figure and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Subsequence
paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.
3.3 Summary
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
9
CHAPTER 4
PREMINARY RESULTS (OPTIONAL)
4.1 Introduction
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
4.2 Subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
4.3 Subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
4.3.1 Sub-subsection Title
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
10
Table 4.3: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line
BreadProduction Line
1 2 3 4 5A 30 18 26 17 15B 23 22 32 25 30C 17 31 24 22 29
Spacing between the table and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Spacing between
the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.
Figure 4.3: UTAR Logo
Spacing between the figure and first line of text is 1.5lines. Subsequence
paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.
4.4 Summary
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page. Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
11
CHAPTER 5
PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
5.1 Problems encountered
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
5.2 Recommended Solutions
The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment
for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left
margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.
A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection
title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new
page.Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.
12
REFERENCES
General alignment for texts should be “justified”. Spacing between the references is 1.0 line. A new reference should not begin on the last line of a page.
Reference style for journal:
Hanna, K., 2007. Adsorption of aromatic carboxylate compounds on the surface of synthesized iron oxide-coated sands. Applied Geochemistry, 22, pp. 2045-2053.
Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R. and Rehm, J., 2006. The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30, pp. 474-479.
Reference style for book:
Single authorMatthews, J., 1999. The art of childhood and adolescence: The construction of meaning. London, England: Falmer Press.
Two authorsColclough, B. and Colclough, J., 1999. A challenge to change. London, England: Thorsons.
Three to seven authorsRosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L. and Rubin, D. B., 2000. Contrasts and effect sizes in behavioral research: A correlational approach. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Online resources:
Whole Internet siteGoldberg, I., 2000. Dr. Ivan's depression central. Retrieved from http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html
Murray, G., 2005. A duty of care to children and young people in Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care: 1 April 2004 to 12 September 2005. Available through: Western Australia, Department of Child Protection website:
<http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-A822-4592-AB66-C410E453AEEC/0/DCDRPTGwennMurrayreportwithcover2006.pdf > [Accessed 25 May 2016].
13
Reference style for conference proceeding:
Bickman, L. and Ellis, H., 1990. Preparing psychologists for the 21st century: Proceedings of the National Conference on Graduate Education in Psychology, University of Utah, 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
Others: Please refer to Harvard Referencing System
14
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Graphs
Spacing between subsection and graph is 1.5 lines and it should be centred. Graph
which is presented in landscape format should be bound with the top of the graph to
the spine. All graphs must be numbered with respect to the appendix. For example,
Graph A-1 is the first graph that appears in Appendix A. All graphs must have a
caption, which should be positioned at the bottom of the graph and written in Title
Case. If the caption is written in a single line, it should be centred. If the caption is
more than one line, it should be align to the left. Spacing between the graphs is 1.5
lines.
15
APPENDIX B: Tables
Spacing between subsection and table is 1.5 lines and it should be centred. Table
which is presented in landscape format should be bound with the top of the table to
the spine. All tables must be numbered with respect to the appendix. For example,
Table B-1 is the first table that appears in Appendix B. All tables must have a
caption, which should be positioned at the top of the table and written in Title Case.
If the caption is written in a single line, it should be centred. If the caption is more
than one line, it should be align to the left. Spacing between the tables is 1.5 lines.