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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
Chapter
1
Physical Quantities, Units andMeasurement
In the quest to understand nature, scientistsuse physical quantities to describe the
world around us.
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
Learning outcomes
Physical quantities
Units
Units conversion
Scientific notation Order of magnitude
imensions
Significant num!ers
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
1.1 Physical uantities
" physical quantity is one that can !e measured
and consists of a magnitude and unit#
S! unitsare
common
to"ay
Measuring length
$%&m'h
(#) m
Vehicles
NotExceeding
1500 kg In
Unladen
Weight
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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C h a p t e r 1
"re classified into t*o types+
ase quantities erived quantities
1.1 Physical uantities
#ase $uantity
fundamental physical
quantities upon *hich
other physical
quantities, cannot !e
defined in terms of
other physical
quantities#
%eri&e" $uantity
physical quantities *hichare derived from the !ase
quantities !y
multiplication or division
or !oth
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
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1.' UnitsTo measure a physical quantity a standard si!e o" thatquantity is required# This standard si!e is kno$n as the
unit "or that particular physical quantity#
Units
system
%&'
()'
%etricsystem
Non*%etric
system
+ritish
system
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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1.' Units
S! Units. /nternational System of Units
ase Quantities 0ame of Unit Sym!ol of Unit
length metre mmass &ilogram &g
time second s
electric current ampere "
temperature &elvin amount of su!stance mole mol
luminous intensity candela cd
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
%eri&e"
uantity
Relation (ith #ase an"
%eri&e" uantities Unit
S)ecial
Name
area length 2 *idth
volume length 2 *idth 2height
density mass volume
speed distance time
acceleration change in velocity
time
force mass 2 acceleration ne*ton304
pressure force area pascal3Pa4
*or& force 2 distance 5oule 364
po*er *or& time *att 374
1.' Units
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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1.' Units
89ample of derived quantity+ area
efining equation+ area : length 2 *idth
/n terms of units+ Units of area : m 2 m : m;
efining equation+ volume : length 2 *idth 2 height
/n terms of units+ Units of volume : m 2 m 2 m : m;
efining equation+ density : mass < volume/n terms of units+ Units of density : &g ' m=: &g m>=
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
1.* Unit +on&ersion
Conversion of units is the conversion !et*eendifferent units of measurement for the same
quantity, typically through multiplicative
conversion factors#
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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C h a p t e r 11., Scienti-ic Notation
% x 10n
, % is the coe""icient 1-%-10
, 10 is the .ase
, n is the exponent or po$er o" 10
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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C h a p t e r 11. Or"er o- Magnitu"e
?he order of magnitude is the appro9imation ofthe value in po*er of 1%
Prefi9 "!!reviation Po*er
nano n 1%>@
micro 1%>A
milli m 1%>=
centi c 1%>;
deci d 1%>1
&ilo & 1%=
mega M 1%A
giga B 1%@
?he diameter of this atom
is a!out 1 2 1%>1%m#
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T
C h a p t e r 1
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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C h a p t e r 1Units and dimensions (SB p. 9)
1./ %imensions
Dimension/ relationship .et$een physical quantityand .asic quantities
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C h a p t e r 11. Tentukan dimensi dan satuannya dalam SI untuk besaran turunan berikut :
a. Gaya
b. Berat Jenisc. Tekanan
d. Usaha
e. Daya
Jawab :
b. Berat Jenis = = =
= !T"#$!"%&
= !"#T"#satuan k'm"#s"#
berat
(olume
Gaya
)olume
!T "#
!%a. Gaya = massa * +erce+atan
= * !T "#
= !T "# satuan k'ms"#
c. Tekanan = = = !"1T "# satuan k'm"1s"# 'aya
luas
!T "#
!#
d. Usaha = 'aya * ,arak = !T "# * ! = ! #T "# satuan k'm#s"#
e. Daya = = = ! #T "%satuan k'm"#s"% usaha
waktu
! #T "#
T
-ontoh Soal-ontoh Soal
1#1
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C h a p t e r 1#. Buktikan besaran"besaran berikut adalah identik :
a. ner'i /otensial dan ner'i 0inetik
b. Usahaner'i dan 0alor
Jawab :
a. ner'i /otensial : + = m'h
ner'i +otensial = massa * 'ra(itasi * tin''i
= * !T"#* ! = !#T"#
ner'i 0inetik : k = 2 m(#ner'i 0inetik = 2 * massa * kece+atan#
= * $!T"1
= !#T"#
0eduanya $+ dan k& mem+unyai dimensi yan' sama keduanya identik
b. Usaha = !#T"#
ner'i = !#T"#
0alor = 3.#4 * ener'i = !#T"#
0eti'anya memiliki dimensi yan' sama identik
1#1
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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, Jumlah an'kadi'it yan' diketahui dan da+at di+astikan $selain an'ka nol yan'di+akai untuk meneta+kan koma& disebut 5n'ka Si'ni6ikan $5n'ka /entin'&.
, 5turan an'ka si'ni6ikan :
1. Semua an'ka bukan nol meru+akan an'ka si'ni6ikan.
#. 5n'ka"an'ka nol yan' terletak diantara an'ka bukan nol meru+akan an'ka
si'ni6ikan. -ontoh : 1#37 memiliki em+at an'ka si'ni6ikan. #8339 memiliki lima
an'ka si'ni6ikan.
%. Semua an'ka nol yan' di'unakan hanya untuk tem+at titik desimal bukan
meru+akan an'ka +entin'. -ontoh : 3833#4 memiliki dua an'ka +entin'8 yakni #
dan 4
4. Semua an'ka nol yan' terletak +ada deretan terakhir dari an'ka"an'ka yan'
ditulis di belakan' koma desimal meru+akan an'ka +entin'. Contoh 1:
3833%#33 memiliki em+at an'ka +entin'8 yaitu %8 # dan dua an'ka nol setelahan'ka %#. Contoh 2: 3833;33 memiliki em+at an'ka +entin' yakni ;83883.
Contoh 3: #383 memiliki dua an'ka +entin' yakni #
;. Semua an'ka sebelum orde $+ada notasi ilmiah& termasuk an'ka +entin'.
-ontoh : %8# * 13;memiliki dua an'ka +entin'8 yakni % dan #. 48;3 * 13%memiliki
ti'a an'ka +entin'8 yakni 48 ; dan 3
1.0 Signi-icant Numers
1
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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
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1# " )hysical $uantityis a quantity that can !e
measured and consists of a numerical magnitude
and a unit#
;# ?he physical quantities can !e classified into
ase $uantitiesand "eri&e" $uantities#
=# ?here are seven !ase quantities+ length, mass,
time, current, temperature, amount of su!stance
and luminous intensity#
(# Prefi9es are used to denote very !ig or very smallnum!ers#
)# imension . relationship !et*een physical
quantity and !asic quantities