Fig. 19-2a, p.306
coccus
bacillus
spirillum
pilus
bacterial flagellum
cell wall
outer capsule
plasmamembrane
cytoplasm, with ribosomes DNA, in nucleoid
Fig. 19-2b, p.306
a The bacterialchromosome is attached to the plasma membraneprior to DNA replication.
b Replicationstarts and proceeds in two directions from a certain site in the bacterial chromosome.
c The DNA copy becomes attached at a membrane site near the attachment site of the parent DNA molecule.
d Then the two DNA molecules are moved apart by membrane growth between two attachment sites.
e Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are built for new membrane and new wall material. Both get inserted across the cell’s midsection.
f The ongoing, orderly disposition of membrane and wall material at the midsection cuts the cell in two.
Fig. 19-4, p.307
p.307
biochemical and molecular origin of life
to ancestors of eukaryotic cells
DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN ARCHAEA
Fig. 19-6a, p.308
Fig. 19-8a-c, p.309
Fig. 19-10, p.310
Fig. 19-11a, p.311
Fig. 19-13, p.313
sheath
DNA inprotein
coat
tailfiber
LyticPathway
LysogenicPathway
e Lysis of host cell letsnew virus particles escape.
a Viral DNA is insertedinto host chromosome by viral enzyme action
c Cell divides;recombinant DNA in each daughter cell.
b Chromosomeand integrated viralDNA are replicated.
b Host replicatesviral genetic material,builds viral proteins.
c Viral proteins self-assembleinto a coat around viral DNA.
d Accessory parts areattached to viral coat.
a Virus particle binds, injects genetic material.
d Viral enzyme excisesviral DNA from chromosome.
Fig. 19-16, p.314
p.315
Mycobacteriumtuberculosis
SARS virus Ebola virus
Fig. 19-17, p.317
Fig. 20-1a, p.318
Fig. 20-1c, p.318
Fig. 20-3, p.320
parabasalidsdiplomonads euglenoids
kinetoplastids
apicomplexans
to plants to fungi to animals
redalgae
greenalgae amoebozoans
prokaryotic ancestors
STRAMENOPILESALVEOLATES
brownalgae
diatomschrysophytes
foraminiferansradiolarians
oomycotes
ciliatesdinoflagellates
FLAGELLATEDPROTOZOANS
Fig. 20-4, p.321
pellicle
long flagellum
contractile vacuolechloroplast
mitochondrion
eyespot
nucleusER
Golgi bodyFig. 20-5, p.321
Fig. 20-6, p.322
p.322
plasmamembrane
(blue)
alveolus
Fig. 20-7, p.323
Fig. 20-8a, p.323
Fig. 20-8b, p.323
g Plasmodium zygotes develop inside the gut of female mosquitoes. Theybecome sporozoites, which migrate to the insect’s salivaryglands.
a Mosquito bites human, bloodstream carries the sporozoites to liver.
d Some of the merozoites enter liver, cause more malaria episodes.
e Others develop into male, female gametocytes that are released intobloodstream.
male gametocyte in red blood cell
f Female mosquito bites, sucks blood from infected human. Gametocytes in blood enter her gut, mature into gametes, which fuse to form zygotes.
sporozoites
sporozoites
b Sporozoites asexually reproduce in liver cells.
c Offspring (merozoites) enter blood, invade red blood cells, reproduce asexually. They can do so often, over a prolonged period. Disease symptoms (fever, chills, shaking) get more and more severe.
Fig. 20-9a, p.324
merozoite
Fig. 20-11, p.325
Fig. 20-12, p.326
Fig. 20-14, p.327
Fig. 20-16, p.328
Fig. 20-17, p.329