Figure 31.0x Decomposers
Figure 31.1 Fungal mycelia
Figure 31.2 Examples of fungal hyphae
Figure 31.2x Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate hyphae (right)
Figure 31.3 Generalized life cycle of fungi (Layer 3)
Dip
lom
on
ads
Par
abas
alid
s
Kin
eto
pla
stid
s
Eu
gle
nid
s
Din
ofl
agel
late
s
Ap
ico
mp
lexa
ns
Cil
iate
s
Oo
myc
ete
s
Dia
tom
s
Go
lden
alg
ae
Bro
wn
alg
ae
Ch
lora
rach
nio
ph
ytes
Fo
ram
inif
era
ns
Rad
iola
rian
s
Gym
nam
oeb
as
En
tam
oeb
as
Pla
smo
dia
l sl
ime
mo
lds
Cel
lula
r sl
ime
mo
lds
Fu
ng
i
Ch
oan
ofl
agel
late
s
Met
azo
an
s
Red
alg
ae
Ch
loro
ph
ytes
Ch
aro
ph
ycea
ns
Pla
nts
Ancestral eukaryote
Ch
loro
ph
yta
Pla
nta
e
Rh
od
op
hyt
a
An
imal
ia
Fu
ng
i
(Opisthokonta)(Archaeplastida)Dip
lom
on
adid
a
Par
abas
ala
Eu
gle
no
zoa
Alveolata Stramenopila Cer
cozo
a
Rad
iola
ria
Amoebozoa
ChytridsZygote
fungiArbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Ch
ytr
idio
myc
ota
Zy
go
myc
ota
Glo
me
rom
yco
ta
As
co
my
cota
Ba
sid
iom
yc
ota
Figure 31.5 Chytridiomycota (chytrids)
0.5 mm
Figure 31.7 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)
2.5 m
Figure 31.9 Ascomycetes (sac fungi): Scarlet cup (top left), truffles (bottom left), morel (right)
Figure 31.10 The life cycle of an ascomycete
Figure 31.11 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left), turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)
Figure 31.12 The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete
Figure 31.12x Gills
Figure 31.16 Lichens
Figure 31.17 Anatomy of a lichen
Figure 31.18 Mycorrhizae
(a) Corn smut on corn (b) Tar spot fungus on maple leaves (c) Ergots on rye