Final conference presentationOliver Lah
11-12/09/2014
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Contents
• Introduction– Research questions• Policy integration• Policy processes
– Methodology• Case-studies– Findings
• Policy recommendations
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Methodology
• Literature review• Interviews with local experts• Catalogue of factors/indicators– Policy integration
Integration vs. effectiveness
– Policy processesInfluential factors vs. successful development and implementationPublic-participatory elements vs. acceptance
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Research questions
• Overall:Why are policies successful in some instances, but not in others?
• Sub questions:– Policy integration
Does the integration of policies in their local frameworks affect their effectiveness, and if so, how?
– Policy processesWhat factors influence the successful development and implementation of effective sustainable transport policies and more specifically, do public-participatory elements influence the policies' acceptance and implementation, and if so, how?
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Effectiveness?
Policy integration (1)
Policy integration affect
Does…
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Policy integration criteria
• Effectiveness– Modal share– Traffic demand– Traffic demand– Public
support/satisfaction– Traffic safety (accidents)– GHG emissions– Noise– Air quality/pollutant
emissions
• Integration– Policy fit– Institutional fit– Institutional
support/opposition– Others…
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Successful development &
implementation?
Policy processes (2a)
Influential factors
affect
Which…
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Policy processes criteria
• Successful development & implementation– Ambition– Change in ambition
• Influential factors– Actors and their
strategies– Policy brokers/veto
players– Institutional
structures– Situational factors– Nature of the
problem
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Public support (& effectiveness)
Policy processes (2b)
Participatory processes
affect
Do…
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Policy processes criteria II
• Acceptance and implementation– Public
support/satisfaction
• Public participatory process– Public consultation– Stakeholder
consultation– Public information – Receptiveness
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Policy integration
Case studies
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Policy processes
Case studies
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Munich case studies
Policy integrationTransport Development Plan (Verkehrsentwicklungsplan)• Binding plan for the city’s
transport• Includes commitment to move
away from cars
Policy processesRadlhauptstadt München (cycle-capital Munich)• Cycling promotion/marketing
campaign• Organises many different (types
of) events• Works to improve environment
for and image of cycling• Works with various actors (e.g.
Police, cycling advocacy groups) to
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Munich case studies
Source: Radlhauptstadt München
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Munich findings
Policy integrationTransport Development Plan (Verkehrsentwicklungsplan)• TDP was part of the overall
urban development plan• Broad consultation with other
stakeholders• Mode-specific
commitments/goals• Clear roles/responsibilities
defined
Policy processesRadlhauptstadt München (cycle-capital Munich)• Cycling promotion/marketing
campaign• Clear goals• Key stakeholders (incl.
potential veto players) involved early on
• Key supporters played a significant role
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Netherlands case studies
Policy integrationInterrelation of Dutch LEV laws• Local (Utrecht)• Provincial• National• European• Includes commitment to move
away from cars
Policy processesUtrecht Electric• Enhance sustainable
transport in the city• 200 charging stations• Electrify the city’s fleet (≈60
cars & scooters)• Expand electric transport in
cooperation with businesses
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Netherlands findings
Policy integrationTransport Development Plan (Verkehrsentwicklungsplan)• Expectation gap:• National desires uniform policies• Local desires tailor-made policies• Differences in duration, type
and extent of projects/demos• Rigid deadlines/schedules• Difficult application processes
Policy processesUtrecht Electric• Communication • + Cooperation • + Customisation
= Successful roll-out
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Findings: The Netherlands
EU
NL
Province
Local Local custom
Stable long-term policy
?!
Successful roll-out
Customisation
Cooperation
Communicatio
n
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Swedish case studies
Policy integrationLundaMaTs sustainable urban transport plan (Lund)• PT link LundLink• Bicycle promotion measures• Establishment of a Mobility
Office
Policy processesStockholm congestion charge• Charge on cars to enter
central Stockholm• Trial followed by permanent
system• Subject to significant debate
and controversy• Significant reduction in
congestion within the zone
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Stockholm
Source: treehugger.com
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Swedish findings
Policy integrationLundaMaTs sustainable urban transport plan (Lund)• Broad stakeholder
consultation in creation• Incl. cross sectoral working
groups• Capacity building was carried
out
Policy processesStockholm congestion charge• Highly complex constellation of
actors • Unclear responsibilities • Lack of central leadership• Progress only made after the
national Road Administration took charge
• Trial was valuable to let residents experience the scheme
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Krakow case studies
Policy integrationTeleBus• On-demand bus service• Serves areas with low
population-density (scheduled services too expensive)
Policy processesMobility Forum• Regular meetings in which
Krakovians can communicate with the administration regarding transport issues• Open entry or by invitation
(depending on topic)
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Krakow findings
Policy integrationTeleBus• Support from national and EU
level• Locals doubtful: ‘had
something taken away from them’• Not well communicated to
them that TeleBus offered a better service
Policy processesMobility Forum• Supported by Mayor• And Polish Association of
Transport Engineers• Attended by councillors
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Policy recommendations
1. Take your policy to all levels2. Break out of the box3. Build bridges, not walls4. Find the sweet spot between policy measures5. Divide the task and multiply the success6. Scout out your stakeholders7. Add stakeholders’ views into the mix8. Take stock of your potential private sector partners9. Shout it from the rooftops