AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY (AUST)
PAPER ID: SEE 051
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF RC BEAMS MADE OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE (SFRC)
Presented by
Sadia Mannan MituDepartment of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science
and Technology (AUST),
Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
Co-Authors:
Md. Mashfiqul Islam
Mohammed Shakib Rahman
Md. Serajus Salekin
Md. Rakibul Islam
CONTENTS
Introduction of SFRC
Experimental program and strategy
FE modeling and analysis
Evaluation of FE reults
Conclusion
WHAT IS SFRC?
SFRC
STEEL
FIBRE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
COMPONENT OF SFRC
SFRC
Constituents of portland cement
Dispersion of short
DescreteSteel Fibre
Fine agg. & Coarse agg.
ADVANTAGES OF SFRC
SFRC ADVANTAGES
Enhancement of ductility and
energy absorption
capacity
Improve internal tensile strength of the concrete due to bonding
force.
Increase the flexural
strength , direct tensile strength
and fatigue strength.
Enhance shear and torsional
strength
Shock resistance as
well as toughness of
concrete
PC(REINFORCED) VS SFRC
PC (Reinforced)
SFRC
MECHANISM OF SFRC
Fibers distribute randomly and act as crack arrestors.
•When steel fibers are added to a concrete mix :
changing concrete from a brittle material to a
ductile one, in addition to improving toughness
and rigidity
Increases the ductility by arresting crack and preventsthe propagation of cracks by bridging
fibers.
Mechanism of fiber in flexure
(a) Free area of stress.
(b) Fiber bridging area.
(c) Micro-crack area.
(d) Undamaged area.
OBJECTIVE
Select suitable & available
type of steel fiber
Investigate various shear capacity enhancements of concretes using the SF
Observe Failure
patterns
Construct FE models for PC
and SFRC with ANSYS
Above all to
provide the
construction
industry of
Bangladesh with
reliable
experimental data
and validated FE
modeling about
this engineering
material.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Experimental strategy
Experimental program
Specimen preparation
Testing and data acquisition
Investigation of failure pattern
FE modeling through optimizing the basic
engineering properties
FE analysis applying experimental loading environment and
displacement boundary conditions
Validation of FE models and analyses with experimental
results and failure modes
Typical Steel Fibers
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
120°
120°
120°
Effective length=1.85in (47.2mm)
Effective length=2.8in (70.8mm)
Effective length=3.7in (94.4mm)
Steel fiber aspect ratio 40
Steel fiber aspect ratio 60
Steel fiber aspect ratio 80
0.4
in (
10m
m)
0.4
in (
10m
m)
0.4
in (
10m
m)
Diameter=0.04in (1.18mm)
Circularcross
section
Original length=2.65in (67.2mm)
Original length=3.57in (90.8mm)
Original length=4.5in (114.4mm)
(a)(b)
Figure 3: (a) Size and geometry of steel fibers (b) image of fibers
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Figure 4 : (a) Preparation of steel fibers (b) steel fibers of different
aspect ratio.
(a) (b)
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Aggregates
Crushed stone is used as aggregate in this research.
Different types of aggregate are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: (a) Stone aggregate (CA) and (b) Sand (FA)
(a) (b)
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Clear span = 2.5'
Beam length = 3'
5"
6"
10mm
@2.5" c/c
Figure 1: Stirrup strategy.
Figure 2: Experimental strategy on
flexural beams.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Figure 7: Horizontal data acquisition
system via DICT.
Figure 6: Experimental setup for shear
critical beam in the UTM.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
Images of Experimental Testing of Simply Supported RC Beam
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0 0.005 0.01 0.015
CSCCONCSC40CSC60CSC80
Com
pre
ssiv
e s
tress (
psi)
Compressive strain
0
7
14
21
28
35
Com
pre
ssiv
e s
tress (
MP
a)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
CSTCONCST40CST60CST80
Te
nsile
str
ess
(p
si)
Tensile strain
0
1.4
2.8
4.2
5.6
7.0
8.4
9.8
Te
nsile
str
ess
(M
Pa
)
Fig. 2: Experimental results of plain concrete and SFRC (a) compression (b)
splitting tension
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
(a) (b)
Fig. 2: Experimental results of plain concrete and SFRC load
deflection behaviour of beams.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
CSBFCCON
CSBFC40
CSBFC60
CSBFC80
Load
(ki
p)
Mid point deflection (in)
0 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8
Mid point deflection (mm)
0
4.4
8.8
13.2
17.6
22.0
26.4
31
Load
(kN
)
35.2
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND STRATEGY
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS
FE modeling
* Suitable element type
* Adequate mesh size
* Optimized material properties
* Appropriate boundary conditions
* Realistic loading environment
* Proper time stepping
20
FE elementSOLID65 is used to model the concrete and also SFRC. The solid is capable of
cracking in tension and crushing in compression. The element is defined by eight
nodes having three degrees of freedom at each node; translations in the nodal x, y,
and z directions. The element is capable of plastic deformation, cracking in three
orthogonal directions and crushing.
The shear element reinforcements are modeled using LINK8 element which is a 3D
spar element with three degrees of freedom at each node same to SOLID 65.The
geometry and node locations for this type of element are as follows:
K
J
L
I
M
PO
N
I M,N,O,P
K,L
J
M
I
N
J
O,P
K,L
Prism Option
Tetrahedral Option
(not recommended)
2
6
3
Z
YX
Z
Y
X
1
4
5
Rebar
Z
YX
I
J
x
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS
FE models
(a)
(b)
Figure 13: Typical diagram of FE model of RC beam in ANSYS 11.0 (a)
meshing and boundary condition and (b) deformed shape
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS
FE governing parameters
Modulus of elasticity
Stress-strain relationship
Poisson’s ratio
Willum and Warke (1975) criterion
Shear transfer coefficient for open crack
Shear transfer coefficient for close crack
Tensile strength
Compressive strength
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Table 1: FE input data for SOLID65 and LINK8 element
Properties for FE model
Beam specimen (SOLID65)
Rebar (LINK8)CSBFCCON CSBFC40 CSBFC60 CSBFC80
Density 2.69g/cm3 2.77g/cm3 2.72g/cm3 2.74g/cm3 7.8g/cm3
Tensile strength 4 Mpa 6 MPa 8 Mpa 6.3 Mpa -
Poisson’s ratio 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.3
Shear transfer Co-efficient: Closed crack
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 -
Open crack 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3-
Yield stress - - - - 420 Mpa
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Evaluation of FE results
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
ANSYS CSBFCCONANSYS CSBFC40�ANSYS CSBFC60ANSYS CSBFC80
Load
(ki
p)
Deflection (in)
Figure 9: Load deflection behavior of FE models
Figure 10: Comparison of test results of (a) CSBFCCON (b) CSBFC40
(c) CSBFC60 (d) CSBFC80 and FE model.
(a)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ANSYS CSBFCCONCSBFCCON
Lo
ad
(kip
)
Mid point deflection (in)
0 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8
Mid point deflection (mm)
0
4.4
8.8
13.2
17.6
22.0
26.4
31
Lo
ad
(kN
)
35.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ANSYS CSBFC40�CSBFC40
Lo
ad
(kip
)
Mid point deflection (in)
0 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8
Mid point deflection (mm)
0
4.4
8.8
13.2
17.6
22.0
26.4
31
Lo
ad
(kN
)
35.2
(b)
Evaluation of FE results
Figure 10: Comparison of test results of (a)CSBFCCON (b) CSBFC40
(c)CSBFC60(d) CSBFC80 and FE model.
(c)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ANSYS CSBFC60CSBFC60
Load
(kip
)
Mid point deflection (in)
0 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8
Mid point deflection (mm)
0
4.4
8.8
13.2
17.6
22.0
26.4
31
Load
(kN
)
35.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ANSYS CSBFC80CSBFC80
Load
(kip
)
Mid point deflection (in)
0 12.7 25.4 38.1 50.8
Mid point deflection (mm)
0
4.4
8.8
13.2
17.6
22.0
26.4
31
Load
(kN
)
35.2
(d)
Evaluation of FE results
Evaluation of failure pattern and failure location for beams
CSBFCCON
CSBFC40
CSBFC60
CSBFC80
Evaluation of failure pattern and failure location for beams
Conclusion
29
1. The compressive strength increases about 17.6%for SFAR 40 with respect to
control specimen & ductility is increased about 5, 3.6 and 3 times for SFAR 40,
60 & 80 respectively.
2. The tensile strength enhanced about 58%, 117.5% & 64.1% & ductility
increased about 15,9.2, & 13 times respectively.
3. The load deflection behavior shows that the flexural strength increased about
50%, 94% & 79% for the SFAR 40, 60 & 80 respectively and ductility enhanced
3.7, 3.125 & 4 times respectively.
4. The FE showed similar results which ensures the validity of the models and the
FE models are successfully capable of predicting the enhanced capacities due to
SFRC.
5. These FE modeling will definitely provide invaluable information of this
engineering material to the construction industry of Bangladesh.
THANK YOU