Download - Fire and Gas Recovered]

8/2/2019 Fire and Gas Recovered]

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1

Fire and Gas system

A basic understanding with our day

to day job


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WHY DO WE NEED FIRE & GAS PROTECTION

SYSTEM????

How it

Works

Looks?

Fire Detection /Mitigationsystems:

Fire Detection

Gas Detection

Fire Suppression systems

CO2, FM200, Deluge

Emergency Shutdown (ESD)Systems

ICSS DCS/F&G/ESD systems.

Emergency Alarm Systems

PA system


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Combustible Gases-Lower & Upper Limits*

Too lean for ignition Too rich for ignition

Clean Air

Combustibles

LowerExplosiveLimit (LEL)

UpperExplosiveLimit (UEL)

Typical CombustibleGas Detector Range

of Measurement

50%

*No differentiation between the terms Explosive and Flammable as applied to the lower and

upper limits of flammability


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How does Gas Detector work?

Detect & measurevapor beforehazardousconcentration is

present

Provide outputs toenable emergencyaction

24 VDC+ -

LEL

00

Flammable

hydrocarbon

gas

No fault

4.0 milliamperes


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Types of Gas Detectors

As per operating principle:

1. Catalytic: Combustibles

2. Infrared: Combustibles

3. Electrochemical: Mainly Toxic gases (H2S,Oxygen,Cl, SO2,)

In our plant, we are having Catalytic and Infrared types, they again may bedivided into point or open path detectors

1. Pointwatch Eclipse 2. Open Path Eclipse 3. Catalytic Sensor/CGS


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Catalytic Sensor Operation

Combustible Gas Sensor (CGS)with DCUEX Tx

Flammable

gas

Active Element - Hot wire resistor

coated with catalytic material

Reference Element - Same as active but

without catalyst

Catalytic reaction when contact with

flammable gas generates heat &

changes Active resistance; reference

resistance unchanged

Explosion is prevented by Flame

Arrestor

Constant E or I power source required


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Point Infrared Detector Elements

GasConcentration

(LEL)

IR Source LampPermeable GasCell

ReferenceSignal Detector

Measurement

Signal Detector

Optical Beamsplitter

Optical Filters

IR Transparent Window

Microprocessor

andElectronics

Permeable GasCellSapphire Mirror Theory of OperationThe infrared (IR) method of

gas detection relies on the IR

absorption characteristics of

gases to determine their

presence and concentration.

IR gas detectors consist of anIR light source (transmitter) and

light detector (receiver) to

measure the intensity both at

the absorption wavelength and

a non-absorbed wavelength.

If gas is present in the optical path, it will affect the intensity of

light transmitted between the light source and the detector.

This change in intensity provides the data for determining that a

specific gas, or type of gas is present.


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8

Open Path Gas Detector System Elements

IR Source

Microprocessor

and

Electronics

Gas

Concentration

(LEL)

Reference

Signal Detector

Measurement

Signal Detector

Optical Beamsplitter

Optical Filters

10 - 60 m

Flammable

hydrocarbon

gas

As the IR beam reaches the receiver, it passes through a focusing lens and then passes

through two narrow band IR filters an active and a reference wavelength. The detector

computes the ratio between the two signals

The instrument's output is a function of gas concentration times the length of thesurveillance path


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9

Fail-Safe Operation

DirtyOpticsandCleanAir

Active Reference

IR Signal Level

HydrocarbonGas

Active Reference

IR Signal Level

CleanAir

Active Reference

IR Signal Level

Active Reference

IR Signal Level

FailedSensor

Active Reference

IR Signal Level

FailedIR-Source

Failed Microprocessor = 0 mA


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EQP Field Devices - Flame

UV/IR (X5200) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector

UV (X2200) UV flame detector

IR (X9800) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector

Multispectrum IR (X3301) -


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Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle

Anode

Cathode OiTest Source

Plastichousing

connectors(a,b,c,d)

QuartzEnvelope

Det-Tronics UV Sensor

circuit board

UV photons strike tube cathode

Cathode releases electron

Electron strikes gas molecule

Cascade effect occurs to anode

Discharge is quenched, creates pulse(count) output

Pulse output measured in CPS (countsper second)

counts/gate: # of pulses (cps) requiredto occur within one gate in order toqualify

gate length: unit of time consec. gates: # of consecutive gates

required to be satisfied before a firealarm output is provided


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Arc Rejection Signal Processing


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Analyzes the raw IR sensor signal randomness

Rejects signals that do not meet randomness criteriaNo Fire Alarm

Fire Alarm!

Signal Processing

Automatic optical integrity calibrated to

perform at all operating temperaturesInternal lamps test each sensor at theprecise wavelength once per minuteto verify operation.


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LOGIC & C&E SYMBOL LEGEND

CUSTOMER:

PROJECT: REVDRAWING NUMBERSIZE

B

DRAWING TITLE

CONFIDENTIAL-

THISDRAWINGAND SPECIFICATIONCONTAIN PROPRIETARYINFORMATIONAND ANYREPRODUCTION,DISCLOSURE,OR USETHEREOFIS EXPRESSLYPROHIBITED WITHOUTWRITTENPERMISSION OFDETECTORELECTRONICSCORPORATION

SCALE: NONE DETECTOR ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

6901 WEST 110TH STREETMINNEAPOLIS, MN 55438DESIGN BY:

DATE:

CHECKED

BY:

P.O.

F.O.

ONEPLACETWOPLACESTHREEPLACESFRACTIONSANGLES

0.00.000.000X/XXDEGREES

+/-.020+/-.010+/-.005+/-1/32+/ -1

TOLERANCEUNLESSOTHERWISESPECIFIED

DESCRIPTIONDATEREV

12345678

D

C

B

A

D

C

B

A

12345678

INITIAL RELEASE03/12/01AA

XXX

Simon Pate

03/12/01

XXX

DETECTOR ELECTRONICS

EAGLE QUANTUM

Lube Oil console

Fuel Gas System

GT Exit/Entry

Enclo

sure

exha

ust

System Cabinet

RRFlextronics

Control Net

X3301

Thermals

DUCTWATCH

DCIO

Area with Detection & Suppression


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Fire Detector Cone of Vision


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How it Communicates

UV/IR Fire Detection

X5200

IR Fire

Detection

X9800

Supervised Inputs Heats,

Smokes and MACsAgent Release

PRESSHERETRYKK HERKNUS GLASSET

BREAK GLASS

BN-300BRANNALARM

Tilpasningsenhet

FIREALARM

Interfaceunit

Nr.

No.

UV Fire DetectionX2200

Premier Controller

Operator Interface

Stationrunning S3

software

Ver 2.8

Ports

Configuration (serial port) RS-485 serial Link (Modbus RTU) Redundant media ControlNet

OPC

option

MIR Fire Detection

X3301

24 vdc

power supply

Battery PSM

DCIOModule

HC Gas Detection

Eclipse

Network

Extender

ARM

Signal / Audible

Devices

SAM

IDC

Supervised

Digital

inputs

Toxic Gas Detection

DCU / DCUEX

I/O ModulesRelayAIMIPM


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X3301 Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector

Extended Cone of VisionCombines the longest detectionrange with the best false alarm

rejection capabilities

a calibrated performance test that isautomatically performed once per minute toverify complete detector operationcapabilities. No testing with an external testlamp is required. The detector automaticallyperforms the same test that a maintenanceperson with a test lamp would perform

Automatic oi

Magnetic oi / Manual oi


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Smoke Detector


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Ionization Smoke Detector


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Sensing chamber is black molded to prevent light

The chamber consists of a infrared LED and aphoto diode

Every 3 seconds LED emits a bunch ofcollimated lights. The light from LED does not fall

directly to Diode as it is kept in some angle

When smoke enters into the chamber, some ofthe light is scattered and detected by the photodiode.

If the resulting signal from diode is above athreshold value, LED will emit two more bunch atan interval of 2 sec. If it goes high then alarmstate will be latched.

Optical Smoke Detector


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Heat Detector


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Fire Detection Systems

Fusible loop Smoke detector UV/IR detector

3IR detectorThermal detector

Sprinkler


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Suppression Systems

TPP- EG LQ-MCC

TCPP Control Room

TCPP Deluge

ATFDeluge


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Fire & Gas Panel

Mini-vesda for LQ MCC

FGP#2 - Mimic Panel FGP#1 FGP#3 TCPP Mimic Panel

TPP FGP computer

Fusible loop panel


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Alarms

Platform Emergency AlarmAbandon Platform Alarm

Extinguishing Gas to be Released alarm


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Emergency Manual operation


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Enclosed Area Protection


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Manual Release


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Manual Release


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Emergency Beckons


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