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Fire & Life Safety
Fundamentals
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Course Outline
Fire Hazards Awareness
Classification of Fire
Different Types of Fire Suppressions
Basic Fire Fighting
Fire DetectionPrevention/Fire Safety
Emergency Action Plan
At the end of this course youll be able to understand basic
fire safety and prevention .
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Fire Hazards Awareness
the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light
and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries. Fire
occurs anytime when these four elements are present:
Fuelany combustible material solid, liquid or gas
Oxygen -The air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. fire only needs an
atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.
Heat - Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to
a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.
Chemical Reaction - means the burning process that takes place in order for
fire to burn continuously.
What is A Fire?
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Fire Hazards Awareness
Fuel, Oxygen, Heat & Chemical Reaction are collectively knownas Fire Tetrahedron or also known as the Four Aces of Fire.
Take any one of these elements and fire cannot occur
The Fire Triangle The Fire Tetrahedron (new term)
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Classes of Fire
wood
cloth paper
rubber
many plastics
gasoline
oil
grease
tar
oil-based
paint lacquer
flammablegases
energizedelectricalequipment
Electrical
Cables
magnesium
sodium
potassium
titanium
zirconiumother flammable metals
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Classes of Fire
Recently recognized by NFPA10.
Fires involving combustiblevegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats incommercial cookingequipment.
CLASS K FIRES
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Fire SuppressionFire Extinguishers Anatomy
DISCHARGE LEVER
DISCHARGE HOSE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
DATA PLATE
CARRYING
HANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL
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Fire Extinguisher Ratings
NUMERAL FIRE CLASS RANGE
DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZEFIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT
CAN HANDLE1-A thru 40-A
A Trash Wood Paper
INDICATION OF THE SQUARE FOOTAREA OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID THE
EXTINGUISHER WILL HANDLE1-B thru 640-BB Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
NO NUMERAL IS USED BECAUSETHERE ARE NO DEGREES OF
SAFETY WHERE ELECTRICITY ISCONCERNED
N/A
NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OFTHE SPECIALIZED NATURE OF
THE BURNING MATERIAL
N/ACOMBUSTIBLE
K Cooking Media 1-A:C:K or 2-A:C:K
DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZEFIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT
CAN HANDLE
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Fire Extinguishers Applications
FIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES
PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRYCHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,HALON
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,HALON, WET CHEMICAL
COMBUSTIBLE METALD
COMBUSTIBLE
B Liquids Grease
A Trash Wood Paper
K Cooking Media
WET CHEMICAL
FIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES
PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRYCHEMICAL, Halotron I, FE 36, WET CHEMICAL
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,
FE 36, Halotron I
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,FE 36, WET CHEMICAL, Halotron I
COMBUSTIBLE METALCOMBUSTIBLE
B Liquids Grease
A Trash Wood Paper
K Cooking Media
WET CHEMICAL
D
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Fire Extinguisher Type
CLass Model Discharge Metres (Feet) Discharge Time
ABC Dry Chemical Powder 5 lbs. 4 (15) 15.2 Seconds
BC CO2 15 lbs. 3 to 8 ft. 8 to 21 Seconds
BC CO2 20 -100Ibs 3 to 8 ft. 8 to 27 Seconds
ABC Type CO2 Type
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Fire Extinguisher Type
Class Model Weight Class Discharge (feet) Discharge Time
B C FE 36 10 to 20 Ibs 9 to 16 ft. 8 to 18 sec.
D MET-L-X , LITH X Dry Powder 30 Ibs 6 to 8 ft
K
R-102, Wet Chemical or potassium
based liquid 1.5 Gallons (pressurized) 10 to 12 ft. 40 sec.
Dry Powder w Nitrogen Wet Chemical
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Basic Fire Fighting
P......Pull the Pin.
A......Aim the extinguisher nozzle
at the base of the flames.
S......Squeeze trigger while holding
the extinguisher upright.
S......Sweep the extinguisher from
side to side, covering thearea
of the fire with the extinguishingagent.
F i l S i li G
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Maximum CeilingTemperature
Temperature RatingTable
6.2.5.1 NFPA13 2007 EditionTemperature
Classification Color Code (with
Fusible Link)Sprinkler Head Glass Bulb Color
100F / 38C 135-170F / 57-77C Ordinary Uncolored or Black Orange (135) or Red (155)
150F / 66C 175-225F / 79-107C Intermediate White Yellow (175) or Green (200)
225F / 107C 250-300F / 121-149C High Blue Blue
300F / 149C 325-375F / 163-191C Extra High Red Purple
375F / 191C 400-475F / 204-246C Very Extra High Green Black
Sprinkler Classification
Fire Suppression
F ti l S i li t G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFPA7/30/2019 Fire & Life Safety Fundamentals
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Prevention/Fire Safety
Class A
Ordinary combustibles: Keep storage andworking areas free of trash, place oily rags in
covered containers.
Class B
Flammable liquids or gases: Don't refuel gasolinepowered equipment in a confined space,
especially in presence of an open flame such as a
furnace or water heater.Keep flammable liquids
stored in tightly closed containers. Use flammable
liquids only in well-ventilated areas.
F ti l S i li t G
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Prevention/Fires Safety
Class C
Electrical equipment: Look for old wiring, worn insulation andbroken electrical fittings. Report any hazardous condition to
your fire safety officer. Prevent ovens from overheating, avoid
leaving the pantry area while the oven is turned on. Maintain
your oven in good working order.
Note:
Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.
Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells strange. Unusual odors
can be the first sign of fire.
Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.
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Prevention/Fires Safety
Class K Fires - Kitchen Fires : Normally caused by theaccumulated grease within the Kitchen Hood or burners.
or due overheated cooking oils. Ensure that Hoods &
cooking equipment are regularly cleaned, grease and used
oils should be kept in sealed container and must be disposed
properly.
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Emergency Action Plan
Have an Emergency action Plan in place within your work place.
Conduct regular training and drills to simulate evacuation in your flooror work place and know your Assembly area.
Keep record of your Fire safety equipment and maintain regularly
IMPORTANT! NEVER use elevators during Fire evacuation.
Unless otherwise advised or operated by qualified personnel.
Check your electrical wirings, panel boards regularly.
Ask a compliance certificate from the Building Admin that the
Fire Alarm system & Suppression are tested regularly.
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Exit Stairway
Several stairways are designedinto every multilevel building to
serve as a means of quick
evacuation to ground level. Some
stairs are exterior, others are
found inside of the building.
Interior stairwells have special
doors and ventilation features
which help to keep smoke from
entering the space.
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Thank you