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Term 1
Scheduling Method
Definition 1
Scheduling Method: the techniqueselected for use in developing the
schedule model; CPM (ADM or PDM)f,Critical Chain, etc (this is closely
aligned with the selection ofappropriate scheduling software).
Term 2
Schedule Model
Definition 2
Schedule Model: the full set of dataused to develop the schedule with itsinherent logic, durations, resources,
calendars, etc. This is closelyintegrated with the characteristics ofthe scheduling software selected forthe project. The schedule model will
be developed and maintained inaccordance with the agreed schedule
design and specification as the projectprogresses.
Term 3
Baseline
Definition 3
The Baseline is a particular instanceof the schedule used for comparingthe current status with the approved
schedule objectives. The baselineshould only be changed for variationsin scope and then only to the extent
necessary to properly adjust thebaseline for the scope change.
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Term 4
Instances of the Project Schedule
Definition 4
Instances of the Project Schedule: Aprinted or stored version of the
schedule model as at a point in timeor stage of development. Instances
do not change and should be uniquelynamed whereas the Schedule Model
is expected to be developed,maintained, statused, updated and
revised as the project progresses (inaccord with the projects change
management policies).
Term 5
CPM
Definition 5
Critical Path Method, this includesADM and PDM but not PERT
Term 6
ADM
Definition 6
Arrow Diagramming Method orActivity-on-Arrow
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Term 7
PDM
Definition 7
Precedence Diagramming Method orActivity-on-Node
Term 8
WBS
Definition 8
Work Breakdown Structure
Term 9
What do you have to take into accountfor Project Calendars & Work Periods
Definition 9
The number of working days in aweek.
The number of shifts to be workedeach day.
The number of hours to be workedeach shift or day.
Any periods of scheduled overtime
work or non-working time (egholidays)
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Term 10
The Who, What, When, How
Definition 10
Who will undertake the work(resources)
What work is to be doneWhen is should be done
How to do the work is defined by specdocuments
Term 11
Forward Pass
Definition 11A start date is assigned to the start
milestone and then moving
throughout the network from activityto activity (from left to right) and in the
sequence defined by the logicalrelationships start and finish dates are
calculated for each activity andmilestone as determined by their
defined durations. The start and finishdates on each activity are called theearly dates and when the analysisreaches the end of the network it
establishes the earliest possible finish
date for the project.Term 12
Early Dates
Definition 12
Established by the Forward Pass. It isthe earliest an activity can start/finish
based on the logic of the schedule
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Term 13
Backward Pass
Definition 13A finish date is assigned to the end
milestone (or last activity). This couldbe the same date as the one calculatedby the forward pass or a different dateapplied as a constraint. The analysis
process then works back through thenetwork, from right to left, until it
arrives back at the start milestone andanother set of start and finish dates
have been calculated for each activity.This is called the backward pass and
establishes the late dates for eachactivity and milestone.
Term 14
Late Dates
Definition 14
Established by the Backward Pass. Itis the latest an activity can start/finishbased on the final activity and logic of
the schedule
Term 15
Total Float
Definition 15
Typically Total Float is calculated bysubtracting the early start date from
the late finish date and then deductingthe duration ([EFT - EST] - Dur).
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Term 16
Free Float
Definition 16
Free float is calculated by subtracting
the early finish date of the activityfrom the earliest start date of any of its
successors. Free float is nevernegative.
Term 17
The traditional governmentalcontracting process in the United
States is:A. Design, build, and operate
B. Design, bid, buildC. EPC
D. Design, build
Definition 17
B. Design, bid, build
Term 18
Critical delivery dates are referred toas
A. Milestones.B. Phases.
C. Substantial completion.
D. Flags.
Definition 18
A. Milestones
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Term 19
When a planner-scheduler iscollecting information about the
project during the initial planningcycle, which information is of
GREATEST value?A. Contract specifications.
B. The contractors pre-bid site visitmeeting minutes and notes.
C. The contracts Changes clause.D. A detailed scope of work statement
Definition 19
D. A detailed scope of work statement.
Term 20
Describe the difference betweencontract types and delivery methods
Definition 20
Contracts define the financial terms ofa relationship between an owner and a
contractor, whilethe delivery method describes the
method of management the contractorwill use to perform the
work
Term 21
Describe what milestones are.
Definition 21
Milestones are interim completiondates that are either contract driven or
contractor self-imposedto measure progress or trigger
subsequent work activities. Theirachievement may earn progress
payments for the contractor.
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Term 22
Project architects are:
A. StakeholdersB. Developers
C. ActivistsD. Special interest groups
Definition 22
A. Stakeholders
Term 23
Which is NOT normally considered astakeholder on a Greenfield chemical
plant project?A. Shop owners in an enclosed mallthree miles downwind of the project.
B. The owners project bankersengineer.
C. A third-tier electrical subcontractor.
E. The employee-owned contractor
Definition 23
A. Shop owners on an enclosed mallthree miles downwind of the project
Term 24All project stakeholders provide inputdata and information during the initial
planning process toset the overall project duration?
A. Absolutely true.B. Absolutely false.
C. Only by analyzing the contract canone determine if a change in duration
is allowed.
F. Only the project owner-client mayset the overall duration, and this isoften driven by
marketing and businessconsiderations.
Definition 24
B. Absolutely false.
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Term 25
Name the three levels of governmentor public agencies in the US.
Definition 25
Federal, state and local.
Term 26Which should not be a reason whysuperintendent and subcontractors
are included duringplanning phase?
A. They have more immediate buy-into project plan.
B. Planning phase is a theoreticalexercise and their input is not needed
until the executionphase.
C. Accuracy of a resultant plan isimproved through brainstorming.
D. Management expectations
regarding plan are transmitted to theteam (alignment).
Definition 26
B. Planning phase is a theoreticalexercise, and their input is not needed
until execution phase.
Term 27Constructability, in terms of schedule
modeling, is best defined as:A. Understanding how the contractorsplan defines overall project duration.B. Understanding how the owners
arbitrary completion milestones willdrive resource
utilization.
C. How the contract specifies allaspects and phasing of work.D. The input data necessary to
understand the various means andmethods alternatives to
accomplish and execute a project.
Definition 27
D. The input data necessary tounderstand the various means and
methods alternatives to
accomplish and execute a project.
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Term 28
Constructability takes into account allbut:
A. Location, logistics, and resourceavailability analysis.
B. The average price of general laborin the area.
C. Quality inspections andcompliance.
D. Labor productivity studies fromprevious similar projects in the area
Definition 28
C. Quality inspections andcompliance.
Term 29
True or False: During aconstructability analysis, the
availability of specified materials isdetermined?
Definition 29
True
Term 30
True or False: A constructabilityanalysis is only performed during the
initial planning stage ofdesign?
Definition 30
False
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Term 31
What are some different methods ofconstructability enhancement?
Definition 31
Modularization, pre-fabrication, pre-assembly
Term 32
What is the purpose of aconstructability analysis?
Definition 32
Reduce time and cost to construct aproject
Term 33
When is the optimum time to performconstructability analysis?
Definition 33
Constructability can be performedthroughout the project, but the most
favorable impact is fromconstructor input during the planningphase to best enable a constructible
design.
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Term 34
During the planning process for acapital project, which is NOT a
consideration?A. Religious holidays.
B. Local country language.C. Education and skill level of local
craft labor.D. None of the above.
Definition 34
D. None of the above.
Term 35
Material resource considerationsinclude all except:
A. AvailabilityB. InstallationC. Crew skills
D. Timing of delivery
Definition 35
C. Crew skills.
Term 36
Which of the following is NOT aconstraining resource?
A. Labor availabilityB. Scheduling software
C. Material delivery
D. Craft skill levels
Definition 36
B. Scheduling software.
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Term 37
True or False: On constructionprojects, labor and equipment areconsidered limitless resources?
Definition 37
False
Term 38
True or False: The physicalconstraints of a jobsite can impose a
limit on the amount ofsimultaneous equipment usage?
Definition 38
True
Term 39
List three types of resources.
Definition 39
Labor, equipment and materials.
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Term 40
Describe how resources can influencea project.
Definition 40
Resources can influence a project dueto availability, labor skill level, and
social aspects.
Term 41
Describe the VE process, especially asit relates to the planning and
scheduling process
Definition 41
VE provides functional and projectalternatives that are part of the
strategic planning process
Term 42
List the six phases of VE
Definition 42
Information, function analysis,creativity, evaluation, development,
and evaluation.
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Term 43
True or False: The information phaseof VE occurs during design
development?
Definition 43
True
Term 44
True or False: The VE process startswith the submittal of bid price?
Definition 44
False
Term 45Which of the following documents is
probably of LEAST value whenplanning a contractors
baseline critical path schedule forconstruction of a high-rise building on
a remote South Pacificresort island for a private developer?
The contract has been awarded.A. Specifications as found in the
contract document.B. The local governments report onfuture resort projects on the island.C. International Building Codes asreferenced in the contract document.
D. A project-specific geotechnicalreport.
Definition 45
B. The local governments report onfuture resort projects on the island.
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Term 46
Which of the following is NOTnormally considered a project
stakeholder?
A. Project supplier to a subcontractor.B. Client or owner.
C. Project consultant or engineer.D. Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)E. Local news media
Definition 46
E. Local news media.
Term 47
What should one do with stakeholderconsiderations?
Definition 47
Determined, evaluated, and resolved.
Term 48
What are some examples ofconsiderations that should be
evaluated?
Definition 48
Cash flow, timeframe, resourceavailability, contractor or designer
workload.
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Term 49
List five common project variables.
Definition 49
Project size, site location, projectdelivery methods, productivity, and
infrastructure.
Term 50
How do project variables affect aproject?
Definition 50
Project variables can have either apositive or negative influence on a
project. It is the projectteams responsibility to identify and
mitigate the negative aspects ofproject variables and utilize
the positive aspects of variables.
Term 51
True or False: The project size mayrequire additional constraints on the
project?
Definition 51
True
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Term 52
True or False: Local climatologicalconditions may result in a restricted
work schedule forvarious construction activities?
Definition 52
True
Term 53When reporting progress and
completion forecasts to the clients
management, a schedule that isorganized by the projects work
breakdown structure (WBS) structureprovides _____________.
A. A useful reporting tool that meetsthe clients project team special
needs.B. An early finish constraint with a
20 day negative lag on the last activity.
C. A late start constraint on the first
activity with a 20 day negative lag.D. A late finish constraint on the last
activity.
Definition 53
D. A late finish constraint on the lastactivity
Term 54When gathering data to document
activity progress and observed trends,the activitys reported
percent complete ______________.A. Is all that is necessary to forecastremaining duration for that activity?B. Is used as part of the 6/10 rule to
determine the remaining duration forthat activity.
C. Must be analyzed in conjunctionwith all observed activity data (actual
start dates, trends,etc.) to estimate the remaining
duration for the activity.D. Provides sufficient information
necessary to determine the activitysearned value.
Definition 54
C. Must analyze in conjunction with all
observed activity data (actual startdates, trends, etc.) to
determine an estimated remainingduration for the activity.
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Term 55
True or False: Contract deliverablesare defined in the scope of work?
Definition 55
True
Term 56
True or False: Drawings andspecifications augment the written
scope of work narrative?
Definition 56
True
Term 57
What does the scope of work influenceduring the planning process?
Definition 57
Scope of work influences theexecution strategy, development ofwork packages, project goals and
objectives, and milestones.
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Term 58
Who is responsible to develop theconceptual scope of work?
Definition 58
The owner is responsible for theconceptual scope of work
Term 59
Define the differences between anasset or functional scope of work and
the project scope ofwork.
Definition 59
An asset or functional scope of workdefines the process for which the
facility is constructed,while the project scope of workdefines the scope of work to be
physically constructed.
Term 60
What is a project goal?
Definition 60
A project goal is a concept that isidentified and expressed as anachievable project and product.The goal may or may not be a
contractually specified requirement.
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Term 61
Can a project have multiple goals?
Definition 61
Yes
Term 62
Can each stakeholder have a differentview of what the project goal may be?
Definition 62
Yes
Term 63
What is the purpose of a project plan?
Definition 63
A project plan provides a roadmap forthe project team during the planning
process. The projectplan is the basis for the baseline plan.
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Term 64
Once the project plan becomes thebaseline plan, how is it utilized?
Definition 64
The baseline plan becomes thebenchmark for performance and
reporting.
Term 65
When does the project plan getmodified?
Definition 65
The project plan is modified whenthere are significant changes to the
scope of work. The newplan should be agreed upon by the
stakeholders.
Term 66
What is a phase?
Definition 66
A phase is a significant period of timeor grouping of related activities with
the project. A phase Iderived from the scope of work,
sequence of work, phase
relationships, and the WBS.
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Term 67
Why is the identification of phases anessential product of the planning
process?
Definition 67
As the scope of work evolves intogreater detail, phases are identified. A
phase may encompassseveral stages of planning and work.
Term 68
Which is not a phase?A. Engineering
B. ConcreteC. Conceptual engineering
D. Pre-construction
Definition 68
B. Concrete is an activity, not a projectphase.
Term 69
Which of the following is untrue?A. OBS intersects with WBS to define
a project cost account.B. Different managers might structurea WBS differently for the same project.
C. A WBS can include design,
procurement, and constructionactivites.D. None of the above.
Definition 69
D. None of the above
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Term 70
True or False: WBS is a system bywhich work activities are organized
and summarized into likeactivities?
Definition 70
True A WBS is a hierarchy divisionof work scope elements of a project to
be performed
Term 71
True or False: WBS may be organizedas a result of capital costing
requirements?
Definition 71
True
Term 72
How are the scope of work and theWBS related?
Definition 72
The WBS breaks down the scope ofwork into manageable parts of work
that correspond todeliverables, phases or milestones
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Term 73
How are the WBS and the projectschedule related?
Definition 73
The WBS begins the process ofbreaking down the scope of work into
project phases and workpackages whose parts can be further
segregated to create scheduleactivities.
Term 74
Describe the difference between awork package and a cost account.
Definition 74
A work package is a WBS component,while a cost account is the
intersection of the WBS andOBS. The work package is a discretelyidentifiable element of work, whereas
the cost accountcaptures the time-phased resource
cost required to execute a workpackage, as planned.
Term 75When reporting progress and
completion forecasts to the clientsmanagement, a schedule that isorganized on the projects OBS
provides ______.A. A list of all equipment resources
utilized on the project.B. A baseline for change management
reporting.
C. A useful reporting tool that meetsthe clients project team specialneeds.
D. Identifies resource utilization, andidentifies gaps, utilization variances,
and areas ofmanagement attention
Definition 75
D. Identifies resource utilization andidentifies gaps, utilization variances,
and areas for
management attention.
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Term 76
What is an OBS?
Definition 76
The OBS is a structure that breaks
down the scope of work intoorganization functions. The OBS
identifies who performs specific scopeof work elements.
Term 77
A CBS:A. Should generally not include
indirect costs.B. Is not absolutely essential foreffective management of a large
project.C. Allows ready comparison of actual
versus planned costs.D. All of the above.
Definition 77
C. Allows ready comparison of actualversus planned costs.
Term 78
What is a CBS?
Definition 78
A CBS is a structure that breaks downinto cost types such as labor, material,
equipment,subcontractor for cost forecasting
purposes.
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Term 79
How is the CBS related to the WBSand OBS?
Definition 79
The CBS is the intersection of theWBS and OBS.
Term 80
Can the CBS be broken down betweendirect and indirect costs?
Definition 80
Yes
Term 81
What is the difference between phasesand sequencing?
Definition 81
Phases are a significant period of timeor grouping of activities within the
project. The logical,chronological sequencing of the
phases begins the process that builds
phases into a schedule.
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Term 82
What is a phase relationship?
Definition 82
A phase relationship identifies howmajor work elements will be
completed in a logical manner.
Term 83
What process does sequencing orphase relationships provide a
framework for?
Definition 83
Progress monitoring, analyzing,controlling and reporting
Term 84
Which is not a key component orcharacteristic of review by
stakeholders?A. Cyclical
B. ScheduledC. Managed
D. Estimated
Definition 84
D. Estimated
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Term 85
Stakeholder review is:A. Critical and divided into multi-
groups.B. Not important
C. One-dimensionalD. Not considered
Definition 85
A. Critical and divided into multi-groups
Term 86
To what may stakeholders decisionslead during the planning process?
Definition 86
Additional planning and potentiallysignificant cost and impacts to the
program or project.
Term 87
Why is stakeholder review criticalduring the planning phase of a
project?
Definition 87
Stakeholder decisions may requirefavorable or unfavorable actions that
require re-planning orstoppage of the project and create
significant cost impacts
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Term 88
Why should stakeholders bemanaged?
Definition 88
Stakeholders should be managed to
ensure all interests and concerns areconsidered and if not
managed could have negative costand schedule impacts to a project.
Term 89
How do resource constraints andconsiderations affect cost estimate
development?
Definition 89
Resources can influence thescheduling timeline and budgeting
process. The end result is thebasis for the initial schedule and cash
flow models.
Term 90
Why are budgets often revised?
Definition 90
Stakeholder expectations caninfluence decisions during the budget
development. The budget isoften revised to be in agreement withproject goals, objectives and timeline.
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Term 91
The budgetary process provides thebasis for what?
Definition 91
The budget is the basis for cost andschedule baselines used formonitoring, controlling and
reporting.
Term 92The baseline plan is an end result ofthe planning process. What is not a
basic step in theplanning process that results in the
baseline plan?A. Identification of the project goals
and objectives.B. Scope of work definition.C. Phase identification and
sequencing result in the baseline plan.
D. Identification of the schedulespecification.
Definition 92
D. Identification of the schedulespecification.
Term 93
Which is not a characteristic of thebaseline plan?
A. Serves as the basis for the initialschedule.
B. Serves as the basis for the cashflow model.
C. Provides the basis for progress
measuring, evaluating and reporting.D. Is critical for schedule changemanagement.
Definition 93
D. Is critical for schedule changemanagement.
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Term 94
The baseline plan is a fixed documentand should be changed only if the
following occurs:A. Contract modifications result due to
significant changes in the work.B. Change is allowed whenever one of
the primary stakeholders thinks itappropriate.
C. NeverD. Once a year
Definition 94
A. Contract modifications result, dueto significant changes in the work.
Term 95
A new baseline should:A. Never be approved
B. Be agreed to by all primarystakeholders who have that right and
responsibility.C. Only be approved by the contractor.
D. Be approved by the public.
Definition 95
B. Be agreed to by all primarystakeholders who have that right and
responsibility
Term 96
The baseline plan results from theplanning process. What are the basic
steps in the planningprocess that result in the baseline
plan?
Definition 96
Identification of the project goals andobjectives; scope of work definition;
and phaseidentification and sequencing result in
the baseline plan.
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Term 97
When performing a periodic forecastwhat should not be considered?
A. The planB. The project scope
C. Contract requirementsD. The WBS and OBS
Definition 97
D. The WBS and OBS
Term 98
Periodic forecasts are key to thefollowing:
A. Basis for controlB. Reporting against projectdeliverables and milestones
C. Based on trends and variancesD. All of the above
Definition 98
D. All of the above.
Term 99What are three key components of
periodic forecasts?A. Defining forecasting requirements,
frequencies and timetables.B. Recovery schedules, scheduling
change management and acceleration.
C. Constructability methods, projectvariables and defining project goals.
D. Sequencing and phaserelationships, risk and recovery plans
and schedule basisdocumentation.
Definition 99
A. Defining forecasting requirements,frequencies and timetables
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Term 100
Why is it important to have periodicforecasts?
Definition 100
Periodic forecasts provide information
on the health of a project and assist inthe prediction of
future conditions and report againstproject deliverables and milestones
Term 101
Forecasts fall into two categories.Name both and discuss their
differences
Definition 101
The two forecast types are (a) periodicand (b) special. Periodic are done on a
specific timeinterval, while special are performed,
as needed, to satisfy a particularpurpose or to identify a
specific problem.
Term 102
Which of the following is not an effectof change on a contract?
A. Increase in time for the work to becompleted.
B. Decrease in time for the work to becompleted.
C. Neutral as it affects time for the
work to be completed.D. Articulate as it relates to time forthe work to be completed.
Definition 102
D. Articulate as it relates to time forthe work to be completed.
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Term 103
Which of the following types of plansis not associated with risk and
recovery?A. Baseline contingency plan.B. Budget contingency plan.
C. Recovery plan.D. Schedule contingency plan.
Definition 103
A. Baseline contingency plan.
Term 104
Which one of the following is animportant processing during planning
for risk and recovery?A. Detailed cost evaluation.
B. Planning for change.C. Using only the contract.
D. Plan reevaluation for change.
Definition 104
B. Planning for change.
Term 105
Plan recovery is:A. Always part of the planning
process.B. Sometimes part of the planning
process.C. Usually required during planning.
D. Always used during constructionevaluation.
Definition 105
A. Always part of the planningprocess.
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Term 106
Why is it important to develop a riskand recovery plan?
Definition 106
Change and risk are inevitable onprojects. There must be a plan
developed to identify andmanage risk as well as a plan to
mitigate negative impacts and exploitpositive affects.
Term 107
What is the difference between a riskand a recovery plan?
Definition 107
A risk plan defines how to identify andminimize the effect of risks, whereas a
recovery plan is anarray of means or methods to
eliminate or reduce undesirableimpacts of changes
Term 108
Are risk and change the same?
Definition 108
Maybe and maybe not. Risk mightderive, in part, from the possibility of
undesirable changes,but some changes might reduce risk
and not increase it.
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Term 109If a plan estimates that 5,184 labor-
hours will be expended on a series ofrelated construction
activities, and the projected number ofconstruction worker equivalents
expected to perform thatactivity is 12 personnel working a 12-hour day, what is the calculated
overall duration for thoseactivities? Assume the work is
performed sequentially.A. 6 work weeks
B. 35 calendar daysC. 5 work weeksD. 36 work days
Definition 109
D. 36 workdays
Term 110The primary source of information that
defines the scope of work that theplanner-scheduler
relies upon to create a schedule modelis what?
A. Contract specifications.B. Contract provisions that definescope along with the contractors
execution plan and relatedassumptions.
C. Contract special conditions andspecifications.
D. Pre-bid site visit and planningmeetings.
Definition 110
B. Contract provisions that definescope along with the contractors
execution plan and relatedassumptions.
Term 111
What are three key elements indefining the schedule scope?
Definition 111
The scope of work; computerapplications and limitations; andability to communicate the plan
into a workable schedule.
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Term 112
The basis for the schedule modelshould include identification of what
components?
Definition 112
Deliverables, milestones, timing,phasing, sequencing requirements,
resources and interfacepoints.
Term 113
Why is it important to understand howthe WBS and OBS are related?
Definition 113
During schedule development theWBS and OBS define the overall work
scope and the work packages.
Term 114
What is the general purpose of ascheduling specification?
Definition 114
The schedule specification identifiesthe planning and scheduling
requirements, level ofrequired detail, reporting
requirements, software requirements,milestones, change management
and the responsible parties.
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Term 115
The schedule specification may be thebasis for what?
Definition 115
Project reporting.
Term 116
Who is responsible for scheduledevelopment and approval?
Definition 116
Yes
Term 117
Why is it important to get feedbackfrom stakeholders during schedule
development?
Definition 117
It is important to get stakeholder buy-in for the schedule. If they do not buy
into the schedule,there may be no sense of ownership.Disagreements will increase, maybe
resulting in delays or impacts
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Term 118
For what is the cost estimate modelused?
Definition 118
The cost estimate model is the basisfor baseline scheduling, progress
measurement, reporting,and change management.
Term 119
What does the project execution planidentify?
Definition 119
The project execution plan identifiesthe means, methods, and activitiesthat the schedule module should
represent
Term 120What are three requirements thatdetermine what type of schedule
should be utilized on aproject?
A. Cost estimate, number ofstakeholders, reporting requirements.
B. Project size, scope, complexity.C. Project size, project variables,
phase definition.D. Risk and recovery plan, milestones,
durations
Definition 120
B. Project size, scope, complexity.
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Term 121List four different types of schedules
most commonly used?A. Bar and Gantt charts, Critical Path
Method and network schedules, linearor line-of-balance,
milestone.B. Critical Path Method and networkschedules, hammocks, rolling wave,
milestone.C. Gantt chart, linear or line of
balance, level of effort, work lists.D. Flags, constraints, estimate, bar
chart
Definition 121
A. Bar and Gantt charts; Critical PathMethod and network schedules; linear
or line-of-balance; milestone.
Term 122
Explain why planner-scheduler wouldchoose a linear schedule instead of a
network schedule.
Definition 122
A linear schedule is typically used ona project where there are multiple
series of repetitive tasks,as with highway construction orconstruction of multiple, similarhouses. A network schedule is
used when non-repetitive activityarrays are determined. The network is
derived from logical relationshipsamong activities based on their time
sequencing.
Term 123
Explain why different schedules canand should sometimes be used within
one project.
Definition 123
Different schedules should be usedwithin one project based on the phase,system, timeframe, and complexity ofthe project. Different schedules are
used based on the need of the projectat the time or phase and the need to
control that aspect of the project.
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Term 124
Which is not a characteristic of anactivity?
A. Has a durationB. Should have at least one
predecessor successorC. Is assigned to a calendar
D. Is constrained in time
Definition 124
D. Is constrained in time.
Term 125
When activities are logically linkedthey become?A. Constraints
B. The scheduleC. ResourcesD. Milestones
Definition 125
B. The schedule.
Term 126
What is an activity, and what are itsprimary characteristics?
Definition 126An activity is an individual element ofwork that is logically linked to other
activities to form theschedule. Its primary characteristics
include an overall duration basedupon the resources
applied to it (manpower, materials andequipment), a start and completion
date that is tied to awork calendar and has relationships toother activities (predecessor and
successors).
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Term 127
What should the level of detail be foractivities in the schedule?
Definition 127
The level of detail must be appropriate
for managing the project with concernto duration,
complexity, methodology, cost andrisk.
Term 128
What are the different activity types?
Definition 128
Tasks, milestones, flags, andsummary or hammocks
Term 129Pick the least accurate statement
concerning schedule activitydurations:
A. They are often determined byexamining the quantity of work and
the resources that will beapplied to perform that work.B. Work is always performed
continuously from start to finish.
C. There is a rubber band for overallduration, depending upon the quantityof work actually
performed and the number of hours ofwork expended.
D. Planned and assumed productivityfactors, location factors, and other
considerations areapplied against the optimum duration,
to determine a planned duration.
Definition 129
B. Work is always performed
continuously from start to finish.
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Term 130
Durations are not derived from thefollowing:
A. Cost estimateB. Resource loading
C. Activity IDD. Cost
Definition 130
C. Activity ID
Term 131
Durations may include the following:A. Multiple elements of the scope of
work.B. Relationships
C. Risk planD. Scheduling specification
Definition 131
A. Multiple elements of the scope ofwork.
Term 132
In combining multiple logically tiedactivities with the duration provides
the basis for thefollowing:
A. Cost estimate modelB. Defines the schedule scope
C. A fragnet schedule durationD. The baseline schedule
Definition 132
D. The baseline schedule.
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Term 133
Why is it important to understand theinterconnectivity between an activitysduration, constraints, and calendar?
Definition 133The relationship between an activitys
duration, calendar assignment, andconstraints form the
basis for determining the overalltimeframe required to complete an
activity. One mustunderstand the how constraints andthe activitys calendar directly affect
the activitys duration,based on the calendar and constraintsimposed on either the start or finish of
the activity
Term 134
What is a key element in determiningthe duration of an activity?
Definition 134
A key element in determining theduration of an activity is
understanding the scope of theactivity.
Term 135
In addition to relationships and lags,which of the following should not be
considered whenbuilding a schedule?
A. ConstraintsB. Calendars
C. StakeholdersD. Durations
Definition 135
C. Stakeholders
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Term 136
Name and describe the different types
of schedule relationships that areused in scheduling software toolsbased on the Precedence Diagram
Method (PDM).
Definition 136. Finish-to-Start; Activity A finishes
before Activity B starts.Finish-to-Finish; Activity A finishes
when Activity B finishes. The activitiesfinish simultaneously
after running concurrently, but theymay start at different times.Start-to-Start; Activity A starts whenActivity B starts. The activities begin
simultaneously and runconcurrently, both they may finish at
different times.Start-to-Finish; Activity A starts before
Activity B finishes.
Term 137
Describe the function of relationshiplags.
Definition 137
Relationship lags delay start-finishrelationships. One should be careful in
determining the lagduration, since preparation time andthe actual delay between activities
should be considered.
Term 138
What is a schedule relationship?
Definition 138
A schedule relationship is a logic linkbetween activities that becomes the
fundamental tool inbuilding a schedule network.
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Term 139
Constraints are factors that affect anactivitys start, finish and/or duration.
Which of the followingis not an example of a constraint?
A. CalendarB. Date restraintC. Stakeholder
D. Weather
Definition 139
C. Stakeholde
Term 140
Which is not a characteristic of typicalproject calendars?
A. MultipleB. Weather, environmental, seasonal
C. WorkdayD. Based on the type of schedule
used.
Definition 140
D. Based on the type of schedule used
Term 141
Project calendars are formulated:A. For estimates
B. To reflect specific, long-runningconditions or circumstances.
C. For relationships
D. For resource loading
Definition 141
B. To reflect specific, long-runningconditions or circumstances.
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Term 142
Calendars along with durationsprovide the basis for an activitys
estimated:A. Resources
B. CostC. Timeframe
D. Relationships
Definition 142
C. Timeframe
Term 143
Why are multiple calendars used on aproject?
Definition 143
Multiple calendars are used to depictvarious workday scenarios orconditions that can occur on a
project. For example a project mayhave the following calendars: 5-day
work week, 7-day workweek, and exterior calendar to reflectweather days, seasonal, and weekend
only work
Term 144
What may be a limit for a number ofresources assigned to an activity?
A. Resources assigned to otheractivities on the project.
B. Availability of resources as a resultof external constraints.
C. Stakeholder driven.D. All of the above.
Definition 144
D. All of the above.
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Term 145
Which of the following would limitedresources not affect on a project?
A. Extend the project schedule.B. No impact.
C. Modify the critical path.D. Increase the cost of the project
Definition 145
B. No impact
Term 146
What are the two key fundamentalelements of cost and resource
loading?
Definition 146
The WBS and OBS
Term 147
Cost and resource loading incorporatewhat two major elements into the
schedule model?
Definition 147
Cost estimate and project executionplan.
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Term 148
What are two outputs of cost andresource loading?
Definition 148
Resource leveling and initial cash flow
Term 149
When should milestones bedeveloped?
A. Prior to identifying the projectscope.
B. When defining the schedule scope.C. Prior to baselining the schedule.
D. When performing scheduleupdates.
Definition 149
C. Prior to baselining the schedule.
Term 150
Name six examples of milestones
Definition 150
Start milestone.Finish milestone.
Start no sooner than (constraint).Start no later than (constraint).
Finish no sooner than (constraint).
Finish no later than (constraint).
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Term 154
Schedule quality analysis isperformed?
A. At the beginning of the project.B. At changes of phases.
C. Throughout the duration of theproject.
D. At the beginning and end of aproject.
Definition 154
C. Throughout the duration of theproject.
Term 155
The three interactive relationships in aschedule quality analysis are?
A. Safety, quality, time.B. Cost, safety, time.C. Time, quality, cost.D. Safety, cost, time.
Definition 155
C. Time, quality, cost.
Term 156
The end result of a schedule qualityanalysis is?
A. Continual improvement in theschedule.
B. Schedule acceleration.C. Tracking schedule progress.
D. Identification of constraints
Definition 156
A. Continual improvement in theschedule.
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Term 157
Schedule quality analysis should beperformed by?
A. The scheduler only.B. The scheduler and project manager.
C. All stakeholders.D. Only the client
Definition 157
C. All stakeholders
Term 158
What does a schedule quality analysisand compliance review accomplish?
Definition 158
It provides a means to resolve issuesbetween stakeholders and proves therepresentation of the scope of work.
Term 159
Which is not an example of criticalaspect of schedule documentation?
A. Project scope definition.B. Contract specifications.C. Type of schedule used.
D. Project cost estimate
Definition 159
C. Type of schedule used.
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Term 160The schedule basis documentation
narrative includes the following:A. Baseline schedule development and
schedule change managementprocedures.
B. Baseline schedule development andcritical/near critical path activities.
C. Critical and near-critical pathactivities and cost estimate model.D. Schedule change managementprocedures and cost and resource
management guidelines.
Definition 160
B. Baseline schedule development andcritical and near-critical path activities.
Term 161
If the baseline schedule is revised andrebaselined, what should one do to the
schedule basisdocumentation?A. Leave it as is.
B. Revise the document as necessarywhen the rebaseline has been
approved.C. Revise the document at the
completion of the project.D. Revise the document monthly.
Definition 161
B. Revise the document as necessarywhen the new baseline has been
approved.
Term 162
Why is it important to developschedule basis documentation?
Definition 162
This documentation provides theassumptions, constraints and
parameters that the development ofthe baseline schedule is derived. It
also provides the foundation forschedule change or delay and impact
identification
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Term 163
If significant changes impact thecritical path or completion date, what
is used for analysis?
Definition 163
The baseline schedule is thesignificant document used for
identifying and analyzing schedulechange.
Term 164
The baseline schedule does all of thefollowing, except?
A. Measure progressB. Identify trends
C. Identify milestonesD. Identify changes
Definition 164
C. Identify milestones
Term 165
Important concepts for use of baselineschedules include?
A. UpdatingB. RealigningC. Dumping
D. Impacts
Definition 165
D. Impacts
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Term 166
The baseline schedule is a fullydeveloped schedule for construction
with all of the following
attributes, except?A. Activities with durations.
B. Activities with all appropriateattributes.
C. Activities that are linked.D. Activities that solve logic issues
Definition 166
D. Activities that solve logic issues.
Term 167
True or False: The baseline scheduleis the foundation for progress
reporting?
Definition 167
True
Term 168
The baseline schedule is thefoundation and basis for what?
Definition 168
Trending, progress measuring andreporting, and change management.
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Term 169
If there are significant variances to thebaseline schedule, what should
occur?
Definition 169
A new baseline schedule should becreated and used for progress
measurement and changemanagement.
Term 170
Important considerations whentracking schedule progress include all
but which of the following?A. Deductive documentation.
B. Future change management.C. Historical documentation.
D. Summary reporting.
Definition 170
A. Time period for updates.
Term 171
All but one of the followingrequirements is likely to be spelled out
in the contract requirementsfor CPM periodic updates?A. Time period for updates.
B. Number of copies to be submitted.
C. Supporting data.D. List of completed change orders
Definition 171
B. Number of copies to be submitted
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Term 172From the following list of requirements
that an owner might specify for abaseline submittal,
which one is most likely not arequirement?
A. Time for submittal after Notice-to-Proceed.
B. Time for submittal afterconstruction is initiated.
C. Time as a requirement forcompletion of the work.
D. Time length for increments of longduration activities.
Definition 172
D. Time length for increments of longduration activities
Term 173
Name six methods to measureprogress.
Definition 173
Level-of-effort (LOE), physicalprogress, incremental milestones,
activity start/finish, substantialstart/finish, supervisor judgment.
Term 174
What forms the basis for trending,forecasting and change management?
Definition 174
Accurate progressing of the schedule.
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Term 175
What should one consider whenupdating the schedule?
Definition 175
One should consider the contractrequirements for cost and payment
loading into the schedule model
Term 176
Which of the following principals isnot used in cost and resource
management?A. Effective and efficient data
gathering.B. Accurate data creation and
manipulation.C. Schedule performance evaluation.
D. Variance evaluation
Definition 176
A. Effective and efficient datagathering.
Term 177
Which of the following acronyms doesnot apply to cost and resource
management?A. SPIB. VEC. SV
D. BCWP
Definition 177
B. VE
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Term 178
Cost and resource management is aprocess to optimize all but?
A. The accurate collection of data.B. Careful monitoring of field
activities.C. Ensuring that reporting is correct.D. Back-checking home office costs.
Definition 178
D. Back-checking home office costs.
Term 179
Recommendations, resulting fromeffective cost and resource
management, include which of thefollowing?
A. Changes in means and methods.B. Scope of work effort used.
C. Changing in the pay estimates.D. Schedule manipulation
Definition 179
A. Changes in means and methods.
Term 180
Cost and resource management is aprocess that accomplishes all of the
following goals except?A. Collecting accurate data.
B. Monitoring field activities andprogress.
C. Analysis of conditions found versus
the schedule.D. Determining new activity duration
Definition 180
D. Determining new activity duration.
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Term 181
Described planned work.
Definition 181
The scheduled value of work for agiven time.
Term 182
Described earned value.
Definition 182
The value of work that was completedin a specific time period.
Term 183
What is the SPI?
Definition 183
SPI is the ratio of worked performeddivided by work scheduled.
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Term 184
What is a schedule variance?
Definition 184
Schedule variance is the differencebetween work schedule and work
performed.
Term 185
What is resource leveling
Definition 185
Leveling is the smoothing ofresources is to better allocate use ofresources and avoid peaks or valleys
and will utilize the available float of theactivity
Term 186
When should a change beincorporated into the schedule?A. During the planning phase.
B. After it is approved.C. As soon as it is identified.
D. Never
Definition 186
B. After it is approved.
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Term 187
Which of the following is an importantcharacteristic of schedule change
management?A. Doing nothing
B. Time impact analysisC. Baseline delineation
D. Two-week look-ahead schedule
Definition 187
B. Time impact analysis.
Term 188
What elements of change should beintegrated into the schedule model?
Definition 188
Schedule suspension, delay anddisruption.
Term 189
What are key elements of the changeprocess that need to be fully
understood by the projectteam?
Definition 189
Extensive knowledge of and attentionto the scope of work and contractual
requirements.
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Term 190
Why is it important to identify andincorporate changes early?
Definition 190
To minimize the affect of change onthe project schedule and cost
Term 191
Which of the following is not a form ofacceleration?A. Crashing
B. CompressionC. Constructive baseliningD. Directive acceleration
Definition 191
C. Constructive baselining
Term 192
What is the difference betweendirective and constructive
acceleration?
Definition 192
Directive is when it is directed versusa stakeholders inaction or action in
advance of direction.
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Term 193
Schedule acceleration is a result of________.
Definition 193
Delay, increase in work scope,maintaining the current completiondate, or expediting the completiondate is an example of acceleration.
Term 194
When accelerating a schedule, whatshould be considered?
Definition 194
Effect of multiple shifts, overlapping ofactivities, overtime, modifying workmethods, increasing or changing of
resources, and cost among otherelements
Term 195
Why is it important to document andcommunicate actions, when
implementing schedule acceleration?
Definition 195
Schedule acceleration is often acontractual issue, therefore it is
important to communicate the means,methods, and assumptions used in
revising the execution plan
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Term 196
Which is not a resultant of schedulemaintenance feedback?A. Recovery schedules
B. Schedule accelerationC. Constructability reviewD. Control level schedule
Definition 196
D. Control level schedules
Term 197
Stakeholder schedule maintenancefeedback includes?A. Documentation
B. ManagementC. Project team
D. All of the above
Definition 197
D. All of the above
Term 198
Feedback to the scheduler is notreceived as?
A. Written responses to previousupdate reports.
B. Stakeholder meetingsC. Comments from the project team.
D. Contract request for change
Definition 198
D. Contract request for change
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Term 199
Why is stakeholder feedbackimportant in maintaining and updating
the schedule?
Definition 199
Continual reassessment is importantto the overall success. Feedback mayalso identify failures in alignment with
the execution plan.
Term 200
Which one is not a schedule controlmeasure?
A. Identification or notice of change.B. Analysis of change on schedule.
C. Management of change to mitigateimpacts.
D. Management summary report
Definition 200
D. Management summary report
Term 201
Why are different levels of schedulesdeveloped?
Definition 201
Different schedule levels aredeveloped to communicate the
schedule to various stakeholders toreflect their specific interests. The
control level schedules incrementallydrop down from the
master schedule.
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Term 202
What is the hierarchy of scheduletypes?
Definition 202
Schedule types are:- Level 1 Milestone/Executive
summary
- Level 2 Contract master/Detailedintegrated
- Level 3 Area master/Control- Level 4 Control /2-3 Week look-
ahead- Level 5 Daily/Hourly
Term 203
Which of the following is not aprogress indicator?
A. VariancesB. Objectives
C. TrendsD. Total float
Definition 203
B. Objectives
Term 204
Why are variances and trend reportingimportant?
Definition 204
Variances and trends are progressindicators that assist in determining
the status and health of aproject. The earlier variances and
adverse trends are recognized, theeasier it is to take corrective
action.
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Term 205
What can variance and trendsinfluence?
Definition 205
Variance and trends can influence theend result of the project. Variances
and trends provide thebasis for revisions to the baseline
plan, corrective action, alternativesand recommendations orpotential change orders.
Term 206
Explain how Earned Value conceptsaffect variances and trends
Definition 206
Earned value concepts assist in theanalysis of variances and trends that
lead to schedule forecasts.
Term 207The current progress report indicatesthat electrical conduit installation is 5
work days behind the baselineschedule, 65% complete, and driving
the critical path. The previous monthlyupdate
showed this activity to be on scheduleand was 15% complete. The baselineindicates the task should be complete
in two weeks (remaining plannedduration when at 55% complete) andthe
current update requires three weeks tocomplete the task using a 5 day
workweek.A. What is the current trend?
B. Describe the current variance.C. If you add an additional crew with
the same capability as the currentwork effort, will the task be completed
on time or early?
Definition 207A. The schedule critical path activity isslipping and impacting completion for
the entire project.B. The current variance is negative
and may continue to grow, based onthe difference between the previous
and current reports unless correctiveaction is taken.
C. 5-day workweek = 20 days in a
monthCurrent 5-day delay = 25% productivity
loss (5 days behind in 20 workdayslast period). Existing crew created the
5-day delay during the month,therefore = 75% variance. Adding thenew crew should finish the activity ontime, assuming the same conditions.The activity will not finish earlier thanoriginally planned by adding a second
crew.
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Term 208
Which of the following is not anelement of critical path analysis?
A. Evaluating activity relationships.
B. Ensuring that change orders havebeen properly integrated into the
schedule.C. Deleting milestones.
D. Evaluating performance against thebaseline.
Definition 208
C. Deleting milestones.
Term 209
What is the primary focus of thecritical path analysis?
Definition 209
The primary focus of the critical pathanalysis is to evaluate the longest
path of the project and identify criticalor near-critical activities
Term 210
Why is it important for the schedulerto understand the mechanics of
scheduling software when performinganalysis?
Definition 210
It is important to understand how thesoftware tool calculates start and
finish dates, float,constraints, and durations. All of theseimpact calculations that determine the
critical path.
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Term 211
What is a key process in scheduleanalysis?
Definition 211
Gathering accurate information aboutschedule progress and analyzing
trends to properly forecast theremaining work in the schedule model
Term 212
The following earned value conceptsare included in schedule forecast
development?A. Actual costs
B. Estimate-to-complete (ETC)C. Schedule variance (SV)
D. All of the above
Definition 212
D. All of the above
Term 213
Important factors in developingschedule forecasts do not include?A. Historical information, along with
staffing and manning levels.B. Future productivity factors.
C. Negative float.
D. Baseline schedule
Definition 213
A. Historical information, along withstaffing and manning levels.
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Term 214
Why is it important to perform what-if scenarios for significant pending
change orders?A. Impact to schedule and cost.
B. Equipment and material deliverylead time implications.
C. Evaluation of available resources.D. All of the above
Definition 214
D. All of the above
Term 215
Which of the following is not anelement of schedule forecasts?
A. Prediction of future work.B. Planned sequence of activities.
C. Baseline schedules.D. Labor and material utilization
Definition 215
C. Baseline schedules
Term 216
From what do schedule forecastsresult?
Definition 216
Schedule forecasts are a result ofactual performance and the analysis of
variances and trends.
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Term 220
Why should constructability becontinually reevaluated?
Definition 220
Means and methods initiallyconsidered feasible may now be
considered inappropriate
Term 221
Why would encountering a differingsite condition result in constructability
review?
Definition 221
Latent or patent conditions aredifferent from existing contract
requirements and,therefore, result in the need to
reevaluate current construction meansand methods and calculate possible
impacts on the schedule
Term 222
For what can a progress report beused?
A. Become the basis for historicaldata.
B. Used to estimate and schedulefuture work.
C. Convey information concerning the
project progress.D. All of the above
Definition 222
D. All of the above.
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Term 226What are some common types ofrecovery schedule techniques?
A. Acceleration, schedulecompression, overtime, multiple
shifts, or additional
resources.B. Extending the schedule duration.
C. Reducing manpower orsubcontracts.
D. Deceleration of critical activities inorder to have non-critical path
activities reaches apar with critical path activities
Definition 226
A. Acceleration, schedulecompression, overtime, multipleshifts, or additional resources.
Term 227
How is recovery schedules triggered?A. By contractual requirement
B. By the prime contractorC. By the owner
D. By the project plans
Definition 227
A. By contractual requirement.
Term 228
Recovery schedules are a result ofwhat?
Definition 228
Variances and trends, delays, orrevisions to the scope of work.
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Term 229
For what are recovery schedulesused?
Definition 229
Bringing the schedule and cost backinto alignment with contract
requirements and stakeholder needs.
Term 230
What is a management summary?A. A detailed report
B. A set of construction documentsC. A concise summary of key points
and issuesD. A report that excludes problem
areas
Definition 230
C. A concise summary of key pointsand issues.
Term 231
The summary report is directedtowards?
A. SuperintendentsB. Project controls staff
C. Management and owners
D. Subcontractors
Definition 231
C. Management and owners
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Term 232
The management summary assists in?
A. Making decisions about riskB. Giving detailed advice to the owner
C. Procurement of third partyequipment and materials
D. Developing operating procedures
Definition 232
A. Making decisions about risk.
Term 233
What type of information doesmanagement require?
A. Concise and accurate with nosurprises
B. General information about theproject
C. Graphs and presentations onsimilar projects
D. Detailed schedule analysis
Definition 233
A. Concise and accurate with nosurprises.
Term 234AD Activity Description
ACWP Actual Cost of WorkPerformed
ADM - Arrow Diagramming MethodADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution
AE - Apportioned EffortAF - Actual Finish date
ALAP - As Late As Possible
AOA - Activity on Arrow (method)AON - Activity on Node (method)
AS - Actual Start (date)
Definition 234
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Term 235ASAP - As Soon As PossibleBAC - Budget at Completion
BCWP - Budgeted Cost of WorkPerformed
BCWS - Budgeted Cost of Work
ScheduledCA - Control Account
CAC - Cost at CompletionCM - Construction ManagementCPI - Cost Performance Index
CPM - Critical Path MethodC/SC2 - Cost/Schedule Control System
Criteria
Definition 235
Term 236CV - Cost Variance
CWBS - Contract Work BreakdownStructure
DCN - Design Change NoticeDCR - Design Change Request
DD - Data DateDDT&E - Design, Development, Test
andEvaluation
DU / DUR DurationEAC - Estimate At Completion
ECN - Engineering Change NoticeECR - Engineering Change Request
Definition 236
Term 237EF - Early Finish (date)
EH - Earned HoursES - Early Start (date)
ETC - Estimate To CompleteEV - Earned Value
EVMS - Earned Value ManagementSystem
FF - Finish-to-Finish (logic tie)FF - Free Float
FS - Finish-to-Start (logic tie)GAAP - Generally Accepted
AccountingPrinciples
Definition 237
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Term 238
ITC - Indicated Total CostKPI - Key Performance Indicators
KSI - Key Success IndicatorsLF - Late Finish (date)
LOB - Line of Balance (method)LOE - Level oOf Effort
LML - Lowest Management LevelLP - Longest Path
LS - Late Start (date)LSB - Lowest Static Baseline
Definition 238
Term 239LSM - Linear Scheduling MethodMBM - Management bBy Methods
MBO - Management bBy ObjectivesMBP - Management bBy PoliticsMBR - Management bBy RulesMBV - Management bBy Values
MBWA - Management bBy WalkingAround
MRP - Material Requirements Planning
MRP - Manufacturing ResourcePlanning
MPS - Master Production Schedule
Definition 239
Term 240NTP - Notice To Proceed
OBS - Organizational BreakdownStructure
OFFE - Owner Furnished Fixtures andEquipment
OD - Original DurationPC / PCT - Percent Complete
PDM - Precedence DiagrammingMethod
PDS - Product Breakdown StructurePERT - Project Evaluation and ReviewTechnique
PF - Planned Finish (date)PM - Project Management
Definition 240
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Term 241PM - Project Manager
PMIS - Project ManagementInformation System
PMO - Program / Project ManagementOffice
PMS - Performance MeasurementSystem
PS - Planned Start (date)RAP - Resource Allocation Plan
RBS - Resource Breakdown StructureRD - Remaining Duration
SF - Scheduled Finish (date)SF - Start-to-Finish (logic tie)
Definition 241
Term 242SOW - Statement oOf Work
SPI - Schedule Performance Index /Indicator
SS - Scheduled Start (date)SS - Start-to-Start logic (tie)
SV - Schedule VarianceTC - Target Completion (date)TCM - Total Cost Management
(process) (AACEInternational)
TF - Target Finish (date)TF - Total Float
TS - Target Start (date)
Definition 242
Term 243
WBS - Work Breakdown StructureWD WorkdayWH WorkhourWW - Workweek
Definition 243
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Term 244
Basic types of contracts:
Definition 244
o Fixed price.o Unit price.
o Cost plus (with fixed, incentive, oraward fees).
o Time and materials (T and M).o Guaranteed maximum price (GMP).
Common delivery methods:o Design-build.
Term 245
Planning, scheduling and reportingrequirements:
Definition 245
Notice to proceed (NTP).o Milestones.
o Phases.o Resources.
o Costing.o Substantial completion.
o Project completion
Term 246
Delivery methods.
Definition 246
Development and coordination ofcontract component elements:
- Specifications.- Plans.
- Special requirements, e.g. permits.
- Contract formulation.
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Term 247
General and special conditions:
Definition 247
a. Labor.b. Weather.
c. Equipment.d. Material.
e. Environment.f. Regional constraints.
g. Any other project-specific variablesand requirements.
Term 248
Public agencies stakeholders:
Definition 248
- Federal.- State.- Local.
- Special purpose entity;- School or university.
- Utility district.- Special legislative, e.g., Tennessee
Valley Authority (TVA).
Term 249
Types of stakeholders:
Definition 249
- Public agency- Private entities
- Engineer-architects.- Contractors.
- Subcontractors.- Consultants.
- Vendors.- General public
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Term 250
Private entities stakeholders:
Definition 250
- Owner.- Developer.- Individuals.
- Social or political organizations.- Individuals and special interest
groups.- Public agencies and private
enterprises.
Term 251
General public stakeholders:
Definition 251
- Land owner.- Activist.- Investor.
- Concerned citizen
Term 252
Methods of constructability:
Definition 252
o Modularization.o Pre-fabrication.
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Term 253
Pre-assembly:
Definition 253
o Design-build.o Material alternatives.
o Means and methods analysis.o Design alternatives and constraints.
o Health, safety and environmental(HSE) impacts.
Term 254
Costing constructability:
Definition 254
o Time.o Labor.
o Transportation.o Storage.
o Site access.o Governmental requirements.
- Permitting.- Accessibility.
- Inspections and compliance.
Term 255
Categories of resources:
Definition 255
o Labor.o Equipment.
o Material.o Human.
o Technology.
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Term 256
Labor categories of resources:
Definition 256
- Management.
- Technical.- Supervisory.
- Craft.- Subcontract.
Term 257
Equipment categories of resources:
Definition 257
- Construction equipment.- Engineered (installed) equipment.
Term 258
Material categories of resources:
Definition 258
- Type.- Availability.
- Deliverables.- Timing and phasing (need-by dates
and logistics).- Installation.
- Protection.
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Term 259
Human categories of resources:
Definition 259
- Skill level.- Social values.
- Cultural impacts.- Performance issues.
Term 260
Data sources:
Definition 260
o Historical database.o Program or project specific data.
Term 261
Historical database data sources:
Definition 261
- Type of program or project.- Location.
- Prevailing conditions.
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Term 262
Program or project specific datasources:
Definition 262
- Site survey.- Local resource studies.
- Logistics and transportation.
Term 263
Terms to KnowValue engineering (VE).
Cost effectiveness.Materials selection.Functional ability.Constructability.Design schedule.
Definition 263
Term 264
Terms to KnowOwner
SuppliersContractors
Public agenciesDesigners
Public groups
Third partiesNon-governmental organizations(NGOs)
Definition 264
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Term 265
Timeframe:
Definition 265
a) Phaseb) Milestone
c) Completiond) Operations
Term 266
Site and local considerations:
Definition 266o Resources (labor, material,
equipment, etc.)o Location
- Urban- Rural
- Remoteo Project Type- Undeveloped
- Reuse- Renovation
o Local environment and climaticconditions
Term 267
Delivery methods:
Definition 267
o Design-bid-build 48o Design-build
o EPC (engineering-procurement-construction)
o Design-build-operate
o Variations of above
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Term 268
Infrastructure:
Definition 268
o Accesso Utility availability
o Easements
Term 269
Productivity:
Definition 269
o Laboro Equipment
Term 270
Scope of work:
Definition 270
o Asset.o Function.
o Program and project.
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Term 271
Work packages:
Definition 271
o Engineering and design.o Contract.
o Construction.
Term 272
Considerations and constraints:
Definition 272
o Deliverables.o Milestones.o Variables.
Term 273
Contractual obligations:
Definition 273
o Milestones.o Deliverables.
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Term 274
Baseline:
Definition 274
o Schedule.o Budget and cost.
o Forecasts.o Periodic reporting.
Term 275
WBS development & OBSdevelopment:
Definition 275
o Basic techniques.- Top-down.- Bottom-up.
- Template-based.o Roll-up and summarization.o Code or chart of accounts.
Term 276
Cost breakdown structure (CBS):
Definition 276
o Elements of cost.o Labor.
o Materials.o Direct costs.o Indirect cost.
o Work breakdown structure (WBS).
o Organization breakdown structure(OBS).
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Term 277
Planning for forecasting:
Definition 277
o Periodic- Weekly- Monthly
9 Quarterlyo Special
- Change in conditions- Added or deleted work- Progress variance(s)
Term 278
Estimate types and classes:o Class 5 o Class 4 -o Class 3 o Class 2 o Class 1
Definition 278
o Class 5 Screening or Feasibility.o Class 4 - Conceptual or Feasibility.o Class 3 Budget, Authorization, or
Control.o Class 2 Control or Bid/tender.o Class 1 Check or Bid/tender.
Term 279
Status reporting:
Definition 279
o Progress.o Schedule.
o Cost.o Earned value.
o Change and configuration
management.
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Term 280
Forecasts:
Definition 280
o Periodic.- Weekly.- Monthly.
- Quarterly.Special.
- Change in conditions.- Added or deleted work.- Progress variance(s).
Term 281
Control level schedules:o Level 1 o Level 2 o Level 3 o Level 4 o Level 5
Definition 281
o Level 1 Milestone / Executivesummary.
o Level 2 Contract master / Detailedintegrated.
o Level 3 Area master / Contract.o Level 4 Control 2-3 Week Look-
ahead schedules.o Level 5 Daily / Hourly.
Term 282
Schedule development tools andtechniques:
Definition 282a) Bar or Gantt charts.
b) Critical Path Method (CPM) andnetwork models:
- Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) / i j Node, also known as Activity-on-
Arrow(AOA).
- Precedence Diagramming Method(PDM).
c) Program Evaluation and ReviewTechnique (PERT) and other riskmodels:- Parties.
- Transactions and considerations.- Written versus oral.
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Term 283
Breakdown structures:
Definition 283
o Work breakdown structure (WBS).o Organization breakdown structure
(OBS).o Cost breakdown structure (CBS).
Term 284
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):
Definition 284
a. Defining WBS by levels andelements.
b. Coding techniques.c. Activity coding.
d. How WBS is used in schedulemodeling and control
Term 285
Organization Breakdown Structure(OBS):
Definition 285
a. Defining OBS by levels andelements.
b. Coding techniques.c. Activity coding.
d. How OBS is used in schedule
modeling and control
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Term 286
Cost Breakdow