Flightline of Vertical Aerial Photography Flightline of Vertical Aerial Photography Flightline of Vertical Aerial Photography Flightline of Vertical Aerial Photography
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Exposure station #1
stereoscopic model
#2 #3
Direction of Flight
terrain recorded on three successive photographs
lens altitude above ground level, H
60% overlap
Coverage of photograph
Flightline of Aerial Photography
Exposure station #1
stereoscopic model
#2 #3
Direction of Flight
terrain recorded on three successive photographs
lens altitude above ground level, H
60% overlap
Coverage of photograph
Flightline of Aerial Photography
Annotation on the Perimeter of An Aerial PhotographAnnotation on the Perimeter of An Aerial PhotographAnnotation on the Perimeter of An Aerial PhotographAnnotation on the Perimeter of An Aerial Photograph
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Geometry of Geometry of Overlapping Overlapping
Vertical Aerial Vertical Aerial PhotographsPhotographs • • Principal PointsPrincipal Points
• • Conjugate PrincipleConjugate Principle PointsPoints
Geometry of Geometry of Overlapping Overlapping
Vertical Aerial Vertical Aerial PhotographsPhotographs • • Principal PointsPrincipal Points
• • Conjugate PrincipleConjugate Principle PointsPoints
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Fiducial mark
y -
axis
Line of flight
Principal Point of Photo #1
Ph
oto
1
Ph
oto
2
Principal Point of Photo #1 equals
Conjugate Principal Point of Photo #2
Principal Point of Photo #2 equals
Conjugate Principal Point of Photo #1
b.a.
c.
line of flight
stereoscopic model60% overlap
PP
CPP
PP
CPP
1
12
2
x-axis
Ph
oto
1
Ph
oto
2
PP1PP
2
Principal Point of Photo #2
Fiducial mark
y -
axis
Line of flight
Principal Point of Photo #1
Ph
oto
1
Ph
oto
2
Principal Point of Photo #1 equals
Conjugate Principal Point of Photo #2
Principal Point of Photo #2 equals
Conjugate Principal Point of Photo #1
b.a.
c.
line of flight
stereoscopic model60% overlap
PP
CPP
PP
CPP
1
12
2
x-axis
Ph
oto
1
Ph
oto
2
PP1PP
2
Principal Point of Photo #2
Geometry of A Vertical Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Aerial Photograph
Obtained Over Obtained Over Flat TerrainFlat Terrain
Geometry of A Vertical Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Aerial Photograph
Obtained Over Obtained Over Flat TerrainFlat Terrain
Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Collected Over Flat Terrain Collected Over Flat Terrain
Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Collected Over Flat Terrain Collected Over Flat Terrain
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Principal Point
Optical axis
Camera lens
Focal length, f
A B
a b
o
P
Positive print
Real-world object space
Image space
Altitude above ground level,
H
Exposure Station, L
Principal Point
Optical axis
Camera lens
Focal length, f
A B
a b
o
P
Positive print
Real-world object space
Image space
Altitude above ground level,
H
Exposure Station, L
Geometry of A Vertical Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Aerial Photograph
Collected Over Variable Collected Over Variable Relief TerrainRelief Terrain
Geometry of A Vertical Geometry of A Vertical Aerial Photograph Aerial Photograph
Collected Over Variable Collected Over Variable Relief TerrainRelief Terrain
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Average elevation above sea level,
h
Camera lens
Focal length f
Exposure station, L
A B
e go
P
Sea level
C
D
Highest elevation above sea level,
h max
Lowest elevation above sea level,
hmin
c d
Altitude above
sea level H
E
G
a bImage space
Object space
Average elevation above sea level,
h
Camera lens
Focal length f
Exposure station, L
A B
e go
P
Sea level
C
D
Highest elevation above sea level,
h max
Lowest elevation above sea level,
hmin
c d
Altitude above
sea level H
E
G
a bImage space
Object space
Measurement of Object Height From A Single Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Measurement of Object Height From A Single Measurement of Object Height From A Single
Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Principal point (PP)
d
L
ine
of f
ligh
t
d
r Principal point (PP)
d
L
ine
of f
ligh
t
d
r
Lin
e of
fli
ght
Lin
e of
fli
ght
Measurement of Object Height From A Single Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Measurement of Object Height From A Single Measurement of Object Height From A Single
Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement Aerial Photograph Based on Relief Displacement
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
r
Negative
Exposure station, L
local datum
h
H
d r
H
=
d
h
h d
r =
H x
r = 2.23 in. d = 0.129 in. H = 2978.5 ft above local datum h = 172 ft
Principal point
Positive
f
A
B
a
b’
b
a’
o
o’
PP
r
Negative
Exposure station, L
local datum
h
H
d r
H
=
d
h
h d
r =
H x
r = 2.23 in. d = 0.129 in. H = 2978.5 ft above local datum h = 172 ft
Principal point
Positive
f
A
B
a
b’
b
a’
o
o’
PP
Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Photograph Based on Shadow Length on Level Terrain Photograph Based on Shadow Length on Level Terrain
Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Measurement of Object Height From A Single Aerial Photograph Based on Shadow Length on Level Terrain Photograph Based on Shadow Length on Level Terrain
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Sun's rays
shadowL
Measurement of the Height of Objects Based on Shadow Length
h
a
tan a = adjacent
opposite
= shadow, L
height, h
h = L x tan a
Sun's rays
shadowL
Measurement of the Height of Objects Based on Shadow Length
h
a
tan a = adjacent
opposite
= shadow, L
height, h
h = L x tan a
Sun’s rays
Sun’s rays
Object Height Object Height Determined by Determined by Shadow LengthShadow Length
Object Height Object Height Determined by Determined by Shadow LengthShadow Length
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
0.119” 59.1’
0.241” 119.65’
0.119” 59.1’
0.241” 119.65’
0.119”0.119” 59.1’59.1’
0.241”0.241” 119.65’119.65’
Parallactic Angles Used Parallactic Angles Used During Depth PerceptionDuring Depth PerceptionParallactic Angles Used Parallactic Angles Used During Depth PerceptionDuring Depth Perception
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
0.119”0.119” 59.1’59.1’
Stereoscopic Stereoscopic Viewing Viewing MethodsMethods
Stereoscopic Stereoscopic Viewing Viewing MethodsMethods
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Stereoscopic Parallax PrinciplesStereoscopic Parallax PrinciplesStereoscopic Parallax PrinciplesStereoscopic Parallax Principles
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
Computing the Computing the Height of Height of the Senate the Senate
Condominium in Condominium in Columbia, SC Columbia, SC
Using Stereoscopic Using Stereoscopic Parallax Parallax
MeasurementsMeasurements
Computing the Computing the Height of Height of the Senate the Senate
Condominium in Condominium in Columbia, SC Columbia, SC
Using Stereoscopic Using Stereoscopic Parallax Parallax
MeasurementsMeasurements
Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000Jensen, 2000
A-base 4-4
a’
xb’ -0.267”
-3.820” xa =
xa’ -0.270”=xb = -3.606”
=
a b a’
b’
o
= 3.55 - 3.339”
0.211”=pa 3.55” =
bp = 3.339”
Profile view of Photos 4-5 and 4-4
in superposition
PP
A-base4-4
4-4CPP4-5
Ph
oto
4-4
x-axis
y-ax
is
b = base
a = topb -3.606”=x
a=x -3.82”
3.41”
PP4-4
Profile view of Photo 4-4
A
B
a b
A-base 4-5
PP4-5
Profile view of Photo 4-5
a’b’
A
B
PP
CPP
A-base 4-54-5
4-4
a’
b’
b’
a’ -0.270”
-0.267”
=
=x
x
3.39” Line of flight
L 2 L1
Plan view of Photo 4-5
Plan view of Photo 4-4
CPP4-5
Line of flight
oo
oo
dp
dp
a. b.
c. d.
e.
Ph
oto
4-5
Superposition of Photos 4-5, 4-4
CPP4-4
A-base 4-4
a’
xb’ -0.267”
-3.820” xa =
xa’ -0.270”=xb = -3.606”
=
a b a’
b’
o
= 3.55 - 3.339”
0.211”=pa 3.55” =
bp = 3.339”
Profile view of Photos 4-5 and 4-4
in superposition
PP
A-base4-4
4-4CPP4-5
Ph
oto
4-4
x-axis
y-ax
is
b = base
a = topb -3.606”=x
a=x -3.82”
3.41”
PP4-4
Profile view of Photo 4-4
A
B
a b
A-base 4-5
PP4-5
Profile view of Photo 4-5
a’b’
A
B
PP
CPP
A-base 4-54-5
4-4
a’
b’
b’
a’ -0.270”
-0.267”
=
=x
x
3.39” Line of flight
L 2 L1
Plan view of Photo 4-5
Plan view of Photo 4-4
CPP4-5
Line of flight
oo
oo
dp
dp
a. b.
c. d.
e.
Ph
oto
4-5
Superposition of Photos 4-5, 4-4
CPP4-4
Urban Infrastructure of Rosslyn, Virginia Derived Using Soft-Copy Photogrammetric Techniques
Urban Infrastructure of Rosslyn, Virginia Derived Using Soft-Copy Photogrammetric Techniques