8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
1/20
Floppy DriveInterface
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
2/20
Booting the system
Distributing Software
Providing Removable storage
Roles:
Components
Floppy Drive Controller
The Power Cable
The Control/Data Cable
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
3/20
Provide communication between processor & floppy disk drive
Location
Separate
Multifunction Card(Up to 1994)
Integrated on motherboard
The Floppy drive controller
Floppy Controller Speed
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
4/20
Floppy ControllerResources
IRQ 6
DMA Channel 2
I/O Address 3F0-3F7h
The Floppy drive controller (Contd.)
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
5/20
Provide communication between processor & floppy disk drive
Voltage Required
+5.0V for Logic Circuit
+12.0V for Motors
The Power Cable
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
6/20
carries data between computer & drive
5 connectors, little twist near one end.
34 pins
Twist reverses pins 10-16 to distinguish drive A and B
The Control/Data Cable
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
7/20
The Control/Data Cable(Contd)
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
8/20
phantom drive problem
When a new disk is inserted operating system continues to display the files
on the old disk
Disk change signal not arriving at pin 34
Floppy Interface Problem
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
9/20
Integrated Drive
Electronics(IDE)Interface
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
10/20
IDE
controller is built into the drive instead of being a separate unit
Advantage:
Communication b/n controller & drive are more efficient
Communication b/n two need not be standardized
Fast Communication
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
11/20
The "proper" name for the IDE interface is AT Attachment, orATA
The first formal standard defining the AT Attachment interface was submitted to
ANSI for approval in 1990. This standard is sometimes called ATA-1 to distinguish
it from its successors.
The original IDE/ATA standard defines the following features and transfer modes:
PIO Modes: ATA includes support for PIO modes 0, 1 and 2.
The oldest method of transferring data over the IDE/ATA interface is throughthe use ofprogrammed I/O.
DMA Modes: ATA includes support for single word DMA modes 0, 1 and 2,
and multiword DMA mode 0.
"Plain" ATA does not include support for enhancements such as ATAPacket
Interface (ATAPI), hence is no longer used.
The ATAPI standard is used for devices like optical tape and removable storage
drives. It enables them to plug into the standard IDE cable used by IDE/ATA hard
disks, and be configured as master or slave, etc.
just like a hard disk would be.
ATA-1
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
12/20
PIO
Mode
Maximum
transfer rate
(MB/s)
Minimum
cycle time
Standard
where spec is
defined
Mode 0 3.3 600 ns ATA-1
Mode 1 5.2 383 ns ATA-1
Mode 2 8.3 240 ns ATA-1
Mode 3 11.1 180 ns ATA-2
Mode 4 16.7 120 ns ATA-2
Mode 5 20 100 nsCompactFlash
2.0
Mode 6 25 80 nsCompactFlash
2.0
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
13/20
DMAModes
DMA Mode
Cycle Time
(nanoseconds)
Maximum Transfer
Rate (MB/s) Defining Standard
Single Word
Mode 0960 2.1 ATA
Single Word
Mode 1480 4.2 ATA
Single Word
Mode 2240 8.3 ATA
DMA ModeCycle Time
(nanoseconds)
Maximum Transfer
Rate (MB/s)Defining Standard
MultiwordMode 0
480 4.2 ATA
Multiword
Mode 1150 13.3 ATA-2
Multiword
Mode 2120 16.7 ATA-2
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
14/20
ATA-2
ATA-2 was a significant enhancement of the original ATA standard. It
defines the following improvements over the base ATA standard (with
which it is backward compatible):
Faster PIO Modes: ATA-2 adds the faster PIO modes 3 and 4 to
those supported by ATA.
Faster DMA Modes: ATA-2 adds multiword DMA modes 1 and 2 to
the ATA modes.
Block Transfers: ATA-2 adds commands to allow block transfers
for improved performance.
Logical Block Addressing (LBA): ATA-2 defines support (by the
hard disk) for logical block addressing.
Improved "Identify Drive" Command: This command allows harddisks to respond to inquiries from software, with more accurate
information about their geometry and other characteristics.
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
15/20
Improved Reliability: ATA-3 improves the reliability of the higher-
speed transfer modes, which can be an issue due to the low-
performance standard cable used up to that point in IDE/ATA.
Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART):
ATA-3 introduced this reliability feature.
Security Feature: ATA-3 defined security mode, which allows
devices to be protected with a password.
ATA-3
The ATA-3 standard is a minor revision of ATA-2
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
16/20
Aside from combining ATA and ATAPI, this standard defined several
other significant enhancements and changes:Ultra DMA Modes: High-speed Ultra DMA modes 0, 1 and 2,
defining transfer rates of 16.7, 25 and 33.3 MB/s were created.
High-Performance IDE Cable: An improved, 80-conductor IDE
cable was first defined in this standard. It was thought that the higher-
speed Ultra DMA modes would require the use of this cable in order to
eliminate interference caused by their higher speed.Cyclical Redundancy Checking (CRC): This feature was added to
ensure the integrity of data sent using the faster Ultra DMA modes.
ATA-4
In 1999, the ATA-5 standard defined two new transfer modes:Ultra DMA modes 3 and 4 (mode 4 is also called Ultra ATA/66or
Ultra DMA/66). What is more, it offers automatic detection of the
type of ribbon cables being used (80 or 40 wires)
ATA-5
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
17/20
ATA-6
Since 2001, ATA-6 definesUltra DMA/100 (also called
Ultra DMA mode 5orUltra-ATA100), which allows drives to
theoretically reach throughputs of 100 Mb/s.
In addition, ATA-6 defines a new functionality, called
Automatic Acoustic Management(AAM), which allows drivesthat support this function to automatically adjust access
speeds in order to reduce running noise.
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
18/20
Ultra DMA
Mode
Cycle
Time
(nanosec
onds)
Maximum
Transfer Rate
(MB/s)
Defining Standard
Mode 0 240 16.7 ATA/ATAPI-4
Mode 1 160 25.0 ATA/ATAPI-4
Mode 2 120 33.3 ATA/ATAPI-4
Mode 3 90 44.4 ATA/ATAPI-5
Mode 4 60 66.7 ATA/ATAPI-5
Mode 5 40 100.0 ATA/ATAPI-6?
Ultra DMA
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
19/20
NameANSI
StandardSynonym
Mode
(PIO/DMA)
Throughput
(Mb/s)Comments
ATA-1ANSI X3.221-
1994IDE
PIO mode 0 3,3
PIO mode 1 5,2
PIO mode 2 8,3
DMA mode 0 8,3
ATA-2ANSI X3.279-
1996
EIDE, Fast
ATA, Fast
ATA-2
PIO mode 3 11,1
28-bit LBAPIO mode 4 16,7
DMA mode 1 13,3
DMA mode 2 16,7
ATA-3ANSI X3.298-
1997
PIO mode 3 11,1
SMART, 28-bit
LBA
PIO mode 4 16,7
DMA mode 1 13,3DMA mode 2 16,7
ATA-4/ATAPI-
4
ANSINCITS
317-1998
Ultra-ATA/33,
UDMA 33,
Ultra DMA 33
UDMA mode
016,7
Ultra DMA 33
and supports
CD-ROMs
(ATAPI)
UDMA mode
125,0
UDMA mode
233,3
ATA-5/ATAPI-
5
ANSINCITS
340-2000
Ultra-ATA/66,UDMA 66,
Ultra DMA 66
U
DMA mode3 44,4 Ultra DMA66, uses a 80-
wire cableUDMA mode
466,7
ATA-6/ATAPI-
6
ANSINCITS
347-2001
Ultra-
ATA/100,
UDMA 100,
Ultra DMA
100
UDMA mode
5100
Ultra DMA
100, LBA48
and the AAC
(Automatic
Acoustic
Management)function
8/7/2019 floppy drive interface_IDE_akash
20/20
Slides End