3 Th Folimh.ir
tg!3"1 s'lfrace feafures of the sapulr and brachialrcgirrs: lefr laEral yifl.
of the saouIay pa|pabIe.divergent hairut it does not
withers (spinous processof 4,5 and 6)
scaputa.dorsal border of cartilage
sp,r,e
cervical vertebrae,rrasyerse processes
humerus:cranial and caudal
divisionsof major tuberosit
deltoid tuberosi
position of divergent hairvorte
ulna, olecranon
humerus,laterarepicondle
radiUs, Iateral tu berosit
Fig.3.2 The bones of the forelimb.regions: left laterI view.
Sapular and brachial
The pa|pab|e bony prominenes shown in Fig.3 ] have been o|oured red. hepa|pabIe edge of the sapu|ar arti|age is shwn by a rd wire. Th tips of the spinousproesses at the withrs have not bn olourd.
Fig.3.3 Surface fetures of the brahial, ntebralridilarpal regions : left Iatera!view.The palpable bony prominens hav ben shaved h sufae fa:u"s :, :-.. _a-:.and th Ioation of the arpa| pad (hestnut) on the mdia| side of the irl i- ] ] j.aantebrahium, are shown in Figs 7.1,7.3,7 5and7 7. he |ateraI promie .--+dista| extrmity of the radius is often a||d the Iatera| sty|oid proess. bli : s :a .mtaphysea|.
humerus, cranial and
, .';--'u..ir
-----.-.---deltoidtuberositposition of divergent hairvorteutna, orccranon
humer us, later al epicond le
r ad i u s, l ate r al tu be ros it
radius,lateralprominence of distaleXtremit
position of radiocar palioint
accessor carpal bone
proimal etremit ofmetacarpal bone lV
Fig.3.4 Bones of the fore!imb. Brahia!, antebrahial andarpa! regions: left lateralview.h pa|pab|e bony prominens shown in Fig 3 3 have been o|ourd rd hartiular prooess situatd just dista| to th marked metaphysa| prominne of thradius is the so-a||ed .IatraI styloid prosS of th radius': it is, in fact, the distaIepiphysis of the uIna and it artiu|ates with the ulnar arpa| bone.
g5 aiaeous lt's|es of A'e sellr nd brachiellqfrr: left latera| YU. serfiii fsi' in whih the utaneous musles lie, has been opened both
ly to sttow the under|ying mus|es. These mus|es are more fu||y
Fig.3.6 Superfiia! strutures of the sapular and brahia!regions: left lateralview (1).The supefiia| fasia and the Utaneous musc|es have been removed. During theprevious dissetion of the neck (see Chapter 2) the omotransversrius ndbrahiocepha|icus muscles (shown intat in Figs.2.3 and 2.4) were transected(Frg.2.7).
m. trapezius:pars cevicalis pars thoracica
Nical crest
scapula, spine
superficial fascia(cutedge)
humerus, majortuberosit
humerus, deltoidtuberosit
brachial fascia
supeiicial fascia(cutedge)
nn. spinales rr. cutaneidorsles laterales:
CVIIIl
m. serratusventralisceNlcls
m. subclaviusm. supraspinatus
lnn. cervicalessupeiiciales
m. omotransversariusm. unohoideus
a carotis communisv. juguIaris eterna
n. supraclavicularis (CV I )m. cleidocephalicus
,}.,merus, major tuberosin- cutaneus brachii
latera]is (n. aillaris)m. cleidobrachialis
m. triceps brachii (caputlaterale)
rn - rctoralis descendens
superficial fascia(cutedge)
m, trapezius:parsthoracicapars cervicalis
m. cutaneus trunci
m. cutaneusomobrachialis
m, triceps brachii
olecranon
scapula, spinenn. thoracici rr. cutaneidors/es lateralesm' /tlssimus dorslm. infraspinatusaponeurosis ofm. deltoideusm. tensor fasciaeantebrachiim. deltoideusm. serratus ventralisthoracism. triceps (caput longum)n. intercostobrachialisdeep tascia coveringm. obliquus eternusabdominism' cutaneu trunciv. thoracica supeiicialisolecranon
m. cutaneu s omobr ac h i a I i sin superficialfasciav. cephalia
Fig.3.7 Superficia! structures of the salr br*9regions: left laterl view (2).he ervial trapezius mus|e has been removed and the |atissimus dorsi aseto show the scapu|ar attahments of the eviaI and thorai parts of tl.re verrmserrate mus|e. The fuII extent of this musIe is see when the scapula is rerove(Fig.3.10).
m. rhomboideus ceryicis
m. splenius
m. serratus ventraliscervlcts
m. subclaviusm. deltoideus
m ilioostalisce/tcts
m. omohoidusv. jugularis eterna
m. sternothroideushUmerus, major tuberosi
m. cleidocephalicusm. sternocephalicus
m. triceps brachii:caput longumcaput laterale
m' petoralisdesendes
n. cutaneus antebrachiilateralis (n radialis)
+.^^^-;', ^^.^l l l |I oPaLIUJ ' Pol thoraia
scapulacranial anglecartilagecaudal anglem serratusventralisthoracts
cva[JuIa'lI l ^,,^-^^^;^^},,^t r t JUtr)r dSIJtr toIUom infraspinatus
m omotransversariusm latissimus dorsi (cut)deep fascia coveringm obliquus eternusabdominism. cutaneus truncim. tensor fasciaeantebrachiiv. thoracic a superf ici al i sm pectoralisscedesm.cutaneu s omo brach i al is
Fig.3.8 Axi!!arystructuresbefore removalof the leftforelimb:dorsalview.h trnzil rerhomboideus andVentraI serrate musIeshave been ut' and thescapula has beenabduted and viewedfrom abov to displaythe emergene of thbrahia| pIexusbtwen the two partsof th sa|enus musIe-Fig.3.9 shows a futherstage in this dissetionof the axilla
m serratus ventralisthoracis (cut edge)
n meoranus
n thoracicus laiera
n thoracodorsahs
n radiaJis
nn- p,tarajs Jr
n .ltlLis
m sca/enus:dorsalisventralis
emergence of pleusbrachialis
n musculocutaneus
n. suprascapularis
a v suprascapularis
n subscapularis
leftforelimb tt
F33 Axilhrsilrfirres beforerernoval of the leftforelimb: caudl view.--e forelimb has now been furtherouted to display the axiIIa moreomp|etely. The nerves and bIoodressels of the axilla have been.orther dissetd to revea| their:opographial reIationshi ps.Futher detaiIs of trunk and limb aresnown in Figs 3 10 and 3.15.
m. serratus ventralis cervicis
n. suprascapuas
n subscapularis
n. thoracodorsalis
m. subclavius
m- serratus ventralis,ervj etthoracis
a.v. sUprascapulas
m. subscapularis
m /atrsslmus dorsi
m. teres major
a.v subscapularis
m. cutaneus trunci
m scalenus ventralis
m serratus ventralisthoracis
n. medianus etn. musculocutaneus
n aillaris
a. aiIIaris
v ailIaris
n. radialis
nn. pectorales caudales
lnn. axillares
n thoracicuslateralis
rib cage
m. pectoralis ascedes
v thoraica superficialis
a v. thoracodorsalis
03.10 The pectora!d ventral serratesles after removaIof; lorelimb: left lateralx.bralis, rhomboideus, trapeziuslventral serrate muscles haven inised to remove theinb. The nerves of the brahiaIls are not arranged to show thesition before removaI of the his is, however, shown in3.48.
m. r hom boi d an s tlracis
m rhomboideus cervic,sm sptentus
m longissimusthoracism. serratus ventralis:
cer'tclsthoracis
m. iliocostaliscervlcis
m scalenus ventralisn. phrenicus (CVI)
a carotis communisI nn. cervicales profundi
caudalesm sternothrohoideus
v. jugularis externalnn. ceNicales
super-ficiales
a. cerv ical is s u perf ici al isr. deltoideus
m. subclavius
v cephalica
m. pectoralisdescedens
cutedgeofm trapezius(parsthoracia)
dorsoscapular ligament,deep, middle andsuperficial parts
rn serrtus dors/cranialis
m. iliocostal is thorlsmm. intercosta|es eternin thoraicus longusm s/enus dors/lsplexus brachialisn. thoraodorsalisn, thoracicus lateral issuperfiiaI tendinouspart of m' serrtusventralis thoracis
nn. pectorales caudalesrn' serrtus ventralisth or ac i s i nte r d i g it ati n gwith m. obliquusexternus abdomi nis (cut)
a'v' aillarisa. thoracica eternam rectus thoracis
m. pectoralis asedens m' pectoral i s trasyersus
fi
Fr$.t 1 Superfici! strufurs of the ]eft antebrahium andcnps: rosilral Yiew._-l il-l t ben removed from the trunk. he skin and suoefiiaI fascia have beeniE,-l. to sw the supefiiaI vessels and nerves, but the antebrahiaI musIes aref_ .sted by the strong antebrahial fasia. The specimen at this stage of ss:lo'l is a|so shown in Fios.3.1 2-3..1 4.
radius:mediaI stloid processl ate r al st l oi d p roce ss
Fig.3.12 Superricial strutures of the leftcarpus: Iaterlview.he spimn is at the sam stage of dissetion as that shown in Figs.3.1 1 , 3
,1 3 and314
- retora]isdescedes
.n petoralis ascedes
m biceps brachii
m pctoral i s lrasyersus
v. cephalica
m fleor carpi radialis
radius
m etensor carpi radialis
n. cutaneus antebrachi icrani alis ( n. aill aris)
m. omotransversarilJs
m. cleidobrachialis
m. brachialis
v cephalica
n. cutaneus antebrachiilateralis (n radialis)
m tensor carpi radialisradius, l ateral tube rosit
m. etensor digitorumcommunts
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
m. etensor carpi radialis
m tensor digitorumcommunls
rete arpi dorsale
m. triceps brachii (caputlaterale)
m. cleidobrachialis
n cutaneus antebrachiilateralis ( n. radi alis)
n. cutaneUs antebrahiicanialis (n aillaris)
n cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n. musculo cutaneus)
m extensor carpi radialis
m. extensor digitorumcommUn
v. cephalica cessorla
v cephalicaaessorlr carpeus dors/is
metacarpaltuberosit
antebrahium nd
m. triceps brachii:caput longumcaput laterale
m. cutaneus trunci
v. thoracica superf ici alis
m. pectoralis ascedes
olecranon
m' fleor digitorumprofundus (caput ul nare)
n. cutaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
m' etensor carpi ulnaris
m. etensor dioitorumlatra|is
a. lnterosse cranialis
accessor carpal bone
n. ulnaris, r. dorsalis
.9.t,. ll, -.....arpus: cuoal vlew.he speimen is at the sme stage of dissetion as that shovin " Fs.
. . 3 1; -] .iFor a omment on the use of th term.lateraI s|oid proess. see not g =g i
m. cutaneustruncl
v thoracica superf icialis
m tensorfasiaeantebrachii
a.v collateralis ulnaris
m. fleor arpi ulnaris:caPut ulnare
caput humerale
m. etensor digitorumcommunls
m etensor carpi ulnaris
m' fleor carpi ulnaris
n. ulnaris r. dorsalis
lateral coll ateral carPalligament
radial carpal bone
Fig.3.14 Superficial strutures of the left antebrahium andarpus: medialview.The speimen is at the same stage of dissetion as that shown in Figs.3.1 1 -3..1 3.
n. pectoralis caudaiis
m pectoralis asede'rs
v mediana cubiti
m pectoralis trnsyersusn. cutaneUs antebrahiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
d ee p antebrachi al fascia
n. cutaneus antebrahiimedialis(n. musculocutaneus)
v cephalica
radius:lateral sty loid processmedial stloid process
a v radialis
medi al collateral carpalligament
accessor carpal bone
ulnar carpal bone
m pectoralisascedensa.v collateralis ulnaris
m, pectoalisdesedes
v. cephalicam. biceps brachii
v. mediana cubiti
n. ulnarislaceftus flbrosusm. etenso carpi radialis
n. cutanes atebrachi imedialis(n' musculocutaa,s1v' ce phal ia essiradius
radius, mdial stboprocessextesor reon.,tn-m. abdlJt i iIonglrs
rnetarp J'r"Js
m. cutaneus trunct
v. thoracica su Peiicialism. tensor fasciae
antebrahiim pectoralis transversus
n. cutaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
deep antebrachial fasciav. cephalica
m. flexor carpi radialism. fleor carpi ulnaris
n. cutaneus antebrachiimedialis
(n musculocutaneus)
a.v. radialis
accessor carpal bone
fleor retinacuIum
proimal etremit ofmetacarpal bone ll
Frg.ts heEfrtrrarrrdtacfii|regions: medialvifl._.
-s|es that join:-r -c to the trunk-.r en Ut. seeig 10. buttheir:tahments to thespu| and humerushve ben oreserved.No attemDt hs benmade to display theai||ary vessels andneves in their orrettopgraphiaIpositions. hese arshown in Figs 3 43-3.51
m. rhomboideus thorlsscapular cartilage
m. serratus ventralisthoracis
n. subscapularis
m. subscapularis
n. thoracodorsalis
m.latissimus dorsi
m. teres major
a.v. thoracodorsalis
n. radialis
n. ulnaris
n thoracicus lateralislnn. axillares
m. cutaneus truncinn. pectorales caudales
v. thoracica supe r-f i ci al is
a.v. collateralis ulnaris
m. rhomboideus ervilsm serratus ventralisceryl/sa. scapularis dors/isn suprascapularism. supraspnatusm. subclaviusn aillarisa. suprascapularisn meotanusn musculocutaneusa.v. subscapularisa.v. aillaris
nn. petorales cranialesa.v. thoracica eternam pectoralisdescedensm' pectoralis asendesv. cephalicav. mediana cubitim. pectoralis trsyersus
_10
n. ulnaris
|ig.Q.t6 The nerues of the brchil plexus of ttreleft forelimb: medial view.This is a Ioser view of a part of the specimen shown in Fig.3.15.
n. thoracodorsalis n. suprascapularis
nn. pectorales caudales a.v. thoracica externa
Fi9.3.17 The left median artery, vean and nerve atthe medial cubitl region: medil v.ew.
pu|se may be taken and the median nerve is surgia||y aessibIe.
m. tensor fasciae antebrachii n pectoraliscaudalis
n. subscapularis
a. suprascapularis
n. radialis
n, ulnaris
n. medianus
n. musculocutaneus
a.v axillaris
a.v- subscapularis
a.v. thoracodorsalis
nn. pectorales crani ales
n. thoracicus lateralis
lnn. aillares
m' pectoralis asendensv. thoracica eternaa. collateralis ulnarisn' cutaneus antebrahiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)m. biceps brachiim. pectoral is desedensm. fleor carpi radialiscut edge of deepantebrachial fasciav. cephalicav. mediana cubitiv. medianalacenus fibosus
m. brachialisa. medianar. muscularis tomm. fleoresn. mdianusm. N cto r al i s tr aselg.6radiusm. fleorcari rclifsm. extensor IFi |#
m flexor carpi ulnaris v. cephalica acesso
I.'
Frg.|E S|rrr.lures of the le'ft brhil region'rE0rhcrn rrd Garpus: rostral view.
he Iong tendon in the bieps musle (|aertus fibrosus) is lea seeninserting with the extensor rpi radiaIis. his speimen is aIso shown inFigs.3.19-3.24.
m. infraspinatus
m. deltoideus
m. triceps brachii (caputlongum)
humerus, majortUberosit
m. triceps brachii (caputlaterale)
humerus, deltoidtuberosit
n. cutaneus antebrachiiI ateral i s ( n. r ad i al i s)
m' etensor carpi radialis
n. cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n. musculocutaneus)
lacrtus flbrosus
m' etensor digitorumcommunrs
v transversa cubiti
m- etensor digitorumommunls
rete carpi dorsale
radius, distal end:lateral stloi d processmedial stloid process
etensor retin acul u m otcarpus
a. suprascapularis
m. supraspinatus
a' aillaris
humerus, minortuberosit
m. Nctoralis ascendes
n. medianus etn. musculocutaneus
m coracobrachialis
m. biceps brachii
m brachiocephalicus
m brachialis
v. mediana cubiti
a.v mediana
medial collateral cubitalIigament
m. fleor caroi radialis
radius
m etensor carpi radialis
m abdutor digiti llongus
v ceohalicaccessorl
B.19 Structures of the sapular and brahial3ions nd the antebrachium: |eft laterl view.
The strong omobrahiaI, brahiaI and antebrahia| fsiae have beenremoved. This speimen is aIso shown in Figs.3.18 and.2U3.24.
scapula, cranial angle
m' serrtus ventraliscervicis (cut edge)
scapula, tuberosit ofsptne
m. supraspinatus
m. infraspinatus, tendonpasstng over malor
tUberosit
numerus, greatertuberosit
m. teres minor
humerus, deltoidtuberosi
m. biceps brachii
a. circumflea humericranialis
m biceps brachii,lacertus fibrosus
m cleidobrachialis
m. brachialis
m extensor carpi radialis
m etnsor digitorumcommunls
m' etensor digitorumIateralis
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
. interossea cranialis
carpus
metacarpus
!'':'.:..t'.
i;.,'.:': ' jt:.l'..1
-li: ' .'.: z'
scapula, caftilage
scapula, caudal angle
m. serratus ventralisthoracis (cut edge)
m. triceps brachii (caputlongum)
m. tensor fasciaeantebrachii
m. deltoideus
n cutaneus antebrachlcranialis (n ailIaris)
m. triceps brachii (caputIaterale)
n, cutaneus antebrachiilate ral is (n. radi alis )
olecranon
humerus,lateralepicondle
radius' lateral tuberosit
m etensor carpi ulnaris(m ulnaris lateralis)
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (caput ulnare)
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (caputhumerale)
n. ulnaris, r. dorsalis
accessory alpal furc
I
F330 SEutrres of the ntebrachium rrdGillls: lefr Iteral vi*._.
s figur'e reveIs the dista| part of the speimen shown in Fio.3.19.
rn. ticeps brahii1 altal,e,.Js ate brachii
raialis (n. aillaris)
a. circmflea humericranialis
Iacertus flbrosus
m cleidobrachialis
m. etensor digitorumlateralis
m. etensor carpi radialis
m. etensor digitorumcommus
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
a /lerosse cranialis
radi us, distal etremit
rete carpi dorsale
carpus
metacarpus
m. triceps brachii (caputlongum)
m triceps brachii (caputlaterale)
olecranon
radius, l ateral tUberosit
. m.'fleor digitorumprotu nous, caput ulnare
a v. collateralis ulnaris
rn etensor carpi ulnaris
radius,! ateraJ stloi d process
rete carpi dorsale
n' ulnaris r dorslis
asso| carpal bone
m. triceps brachii:caput longumaput Iaterale
n. cutaneus antebrachi ilateralis (n radialis)
olecranon
a. collateralis radialis
m' fleor digitorumprofundus (caput ulnare)
humerus,lateralepicondIe
radius, lateral tuberosit
m. etensor carpi ulnaris(m ulnaris lateralis)
v collateralis ulnaris
m. fleor dioitorumprofundus (caputhumerale)
n. ulnaris, r dorsalis
accessor arpal bone
Fig.3.21 .Structures of the left brachil region,antebrahium nd arpus: cudal view.]h_.spe9en is at the stage of disstion shown in Figs.3.19, 2o, .22,.23 and.24'
n medianus etn musculocutaneus
v. brachialis
m tnsor fasciaeantebrachii
v.transversa cubiti
n.meotanus
n cutaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)m. fleor carpi ulnaris:caput ulnarecaput humeralen ulnasm. fleor dioitorumsupeiiciat
m. flexor digitorumprofundus (caputhumerale)
m fleor carpi ulnais
radius, medial sloidprocess
n cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n. musculocutaneus)
a.v. radialis
Structures of the left scapular nd brachialantebrahium and arPus: medi! view.
speimen is t the stage of dissetion shown in Figs.3..| 8-3.2.1 nd
scapular cartilage
scapula, caudal angle
m. subscapularis
m. teres malor
m. triceps brachii (caputIongum)
a. thoracodorsalis
n. radialis
v. brachialis
n. ulnaris
a. brachialis
n. medianus etn. musculocutaneus
m tnsorfasciaeantebrachii
a. ul naris collateralis
n utaneus antebrachiicaudalis
m flor carpi radialis
m, fleor carpi ulnaris
a.v. radralis
n. cutaneus antebrachiimedialis
(n. musculocutaneus)
fleor retinaculum
lrss IFigs anteto the trunk.
m. sr,atJs yer*iscag/Io''!F
m. suprasqirfr.
n. subscagtlaris
n. suprascapttaris
n. aillais
a. suprascapulais
a aillaris
m. pector al i s asendens
m. coraobrahialis
m. biceps brachii
lnn. cubitales
m. cleidobrachialis
v. mediana cubiti
a.v mediana
n. medianus
m. extensor carpi radialis
laceftus fibrosus
av' transversaubiti
radius
etensor retinaculum
v. cephalica accessor
m. abductor digiti I longus
n. subscapularis
n. suprascapularisn aillaris, ramitom teres majorm. supraspinatus
n. axillaris
a suprasapularisa aillarisa. subsapularis
n. medianus etn. musculocutaneus
m. pe cto r al i s asendes
m coraobrachialis
n. musculoUtanaJs,r. muscularis distalis
m. cleidobrachialis
m. biceps brachfr
v. medianatim. braliaIs
/er[ fibr.s
m.erte'rid*srfra.farrjd.offr
The left brahial region and ntebrahium:vtew.
is a Ioser view of a oart of the soecimen shown in Fio 3.22.
m. subscapularis
m. teres malor
m tensorfasciaeantebrachii
a. thoracodorsalis
n radialis
n. ulnaris
a.v. brachialis
lnn. cubitales
a.v. collateralis ulnaris
n. cutaneus antebrachi icaudalis
a.v. medianaet n. medianus
medi al coll ateral cubitalligament (including' m. pronatorteres)
m. fleor carpi radialis
m. fleor carpi ulnaris:caput ulnare
caput humerale
Eg.i.| he Eir ilEbrdlium arrd GaIPus: med.alU.l.i .bser vi d a prt of the speimen shown in Fig.3.22.
m- tensor fasciaeantebrachii
n' ctaeus ntebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
a.v. collateralis ulnaris
deep antebrachial fascia
a v. mediana
m. fleor carpi ulnaris(caput ulnare)
m' fleor carpi radialis
Inn. cubitales
n. medianus
m, bieps brachii
v. mediana cubili
m. brachialis
n. medianus
ramus muscularis tomm' fleores
m. biceps brachii,lacertus fibrosus
m. etensor carpi radialis
a.v. transversa cubiti
etensor retinaculUm(cut edge)
radius, medial stloidprocess
n. cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n. musculocutaneus)
v ephalica acessofla
m. abductor digiti Itongus
m. fleor carpi ulnaris(caput humerale)
a. radialis
v cephalica
accessor arpal bone
v. radiatis
fleor retinaculum
ig..25 Deeper structures of the left scapular andrhial regions: rostrl view.E supraspinatus musIe has been removed from the supraspinouss to show the suprasapu|ar nerve and the origin of the bieps brahiiusl. he deItoid mus|e has aIso bn removed. The intermediate
m' rhomboideus cerylis
scapular cartilage
senalus ventraliscervtcts
scapula:cranial border
sptnesupraspous fossa
n. suprascapularis
m subscapularis
scapula:coraoid process
supraglenoidtubercle
a. suprascapularism. coraobrachialis
m. supraspinatus(inseftions on minor and
major tuberosities)
a. aillaris
m. biceps, tendon inintertuberal groove
humerus, minortuberosi
m. coracobrachialis
m. biceps brachii
m. cleidobrachialis
m. brachialis
laceftus fibrosus
tuberosity of the humrus is not visibIe in the intetubr} groilE lt scovered by the bips tndon whih is mou|ded upon th oot, ]ribetween major and minor tuberosities. his speimn is ai53 3r'3- 1Figs..26 and 3.28
m. infraspinatus
scapula, neck
m infraspinatus
m. triceps brachii (caputlongum)
humerus, majortuberosit
n utaneus antebrachiicranialis (n. aillaris)
m. triceps brachii (caputlaterale)
n. cutaneus antbrachiilate ral i s ( n. r ad i al is )
m. extensor carpi radialis
n' cutaneus antebrahiimedialis(n. musculocutaeus)
m. etensor digitorumcommunls
9J5 .Deeperslruturs of the tft sepular ad bhiel!rts: laEla| Yiew.sle shows the full extent of the infraspinatus mus|e ande.
scapula:suprspous foss
catilagesptne
caudal anglecranial bordercaudal border
m. subscapularisa. suprascapularisn. suprascapularis
scaputa:neck
supraglenoid tuberclem. supraspinatus (cut)
humerus, majortuberot
a. circumf|ea humericaudalis
a. circumflexa humericranialis
m. brachialis
lacertus fibrosus
m. cleidobrachialis
F19.3.27 The humeralgroove' brahialismuscle and rd.a| nerve:left lterl view.he Iatera| head of the trieosmusle has been reseted to revea|th brahia|is mus|e in its humera|groove, and the assoiated nerveand artery. In older textbooks thisfeature of the shaft of the humerusis aI|ed the musulospira| groove.
m. serratus ventralisthorais
origin of m deltoideus
m. infraspinatusm. triceps brachii (caputIongum)
m. teres minorn. aillarism. deltoideus (cut)humerus, deltoidtuberositm, bieps brachiim' triceps brachii (aputlaterale)n. cutaneus antebrachiilateralis (n radialis)m. etensor carpi radialisoIeranon
humerus,lateralepicondlem. etensor digitorumcommunts
m. biceps brachii(tendon in
inteftuberal groove)a. ircumtlexa humeri
caudalis
m. infraspinatus
m. teres minorm. triceps brachii (caput
Iaterale)m. deltoideus
humerus, deltoidtuberosit
m. brachialis in humeralsu/cus
a. circumflea humericranialis
humerus,lateralepicondle
humerus, majortuberositn. cutaneus antebrachiicranialis (n. aillaris)a. profunda brachiin. cutaneus antebrachiilateralis (n radialis)n. radialism. trieps brachii (caputmediale)m. triceps brachii (caputlaterale)m. fleor diaitorumprofundus (caput ulnare)
m. etensorcarpi radialis
m. etensorcarpi ulnaris
n. aiIlaris
m. etensor digitorumcommunts
g..28 The left brhial artery ulnar and median nerves:edilview.e s of dissetionow Th veins haveen hial region to showl arteries and nervs more |ear|y Thepraspinatus muscIe has ben removed toow the origins of the bieps brahii andraobrahialis musles from the sapuIa. Theor musIe of the antebrahiaI fasia hasen removed
I
m rhomboideus torlset ervlls
scapular cartilage
m rcres malor
n aillaris (reflectedventraIl)
a. sUbscapu/r,s
m tensorfasciaeantebrachii
a. thoracodorsalis
n. radialis
n. medianus etn. musculocutaneus
n. ulnaris
m triceps brachii (caputlongum)
a brachialis profundaa. brachialis
m. triceps brachii (caPutmediale)
n. ulnaris
n cutaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
olecranon
humerus, medialepicondle
a ulnaris collateralism fleor carpi ulnaris
(caPut ulnare)
m. fleor carpi ulnaris
m fleor carpi radialis
m. serratus ventralis:pars thoracispars ceNtcts
m. subscapularis
. subsapu/aris
n. suprascapularis
a. suprascapu|as
scapula, supraglenoidtubercle and coracoidprocess
m. coracobrachialis,tendon
humerus, minortuberosit
m. biceps brachii
m. supraspinatus
a. aillaris
m. coracobrachialis
m' pector aI i s asedens
n. musculocutaneusr' muscularis proimalis
m. biceps brachii
n. musculocutaneusr. muscularis distalis
lnn. cubitales
m. cleidobrachialis
v medianaubiti
a.v. mediana
n medianus
m. brachialis
laceftus fibrosus
F'g.al Deep Usselsarrd rges of the leftatebhium: lteralvil.a,[: of tre ommon digita| extensor-;sle has been rmoved to show:e rania| iterosseous atery andranhes of the radia| nev.
m cleidobrachialis
m. brachialis
m. biceps brachii(lacerlus fibrosus)
n cutaneus antebrachiimedialis
(n musculocutaneus)
m eIensorcarplradialis
m etensor digitorumommUnls
a v transversa cubiti
a v interossea cranialisat rlerosseous spe
radius
a.v. interossea crani ali s
m abductor digiti Itongus
m. etensor Carpiradialis
a.v. interossea cranialis
m etensor digitorumcommunts
m triceps brachii(caput laterale)
olecranon
a. col lateralis radi ali s
m fleor digitorumprofu ndus (caput ulnare)
lateral col lateral cubitalligamenthumerus,lateralepicondIe
m. etensor digitorUmlateralis
n radialis
ulna
m. extensor carpi ulnaris(ulnaris lateralis)
m' fleor digitorumprofundus (caputhumerale)
m. etensor digitorUmlateralis
93.30 Deep vesselsid nerves of the leftEbrachium: medilr(1).flexor arpi radia|is and f|exor u|naris musIes have been removd (see a|so Fig .22)*w the median nerve with itsu|ar branhes and thernon interosseous atrv
n. cutaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n ulnaris)
m triceps brahii (caputtongum)
olecranon
m. triceps brachii(caput mediale)
m fleor arpi ulnaris(caPut ulnare)
a.v. col lateral is ulnaris
m fleor digitorumprofundus (caput ulnare)
m' fleor carpi ulnaris(caput humerale)
m fleor carpi radialis
medial rad ial tuberosit
n. medianusrr musculares
to mm. fleores
m fleor digitorumsuperficialis
n medianus
v mediana
m. fleor carpi radialis
m. fleor carpi ulnaris
n. ulnaris
a brachialis
n medianus
a. collateralis u ln aris
lnn. cubitales
v brachialisv. mediana cubiti
humerus, medialepicondle
n cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n musculocutaneus)
laertus fibrosus
m brahialismedi al collateral cu bitalligament (includesm. pronator teres)a profundaantebrahiia.v. transversa cubiti
m etensor carpiradialis
Iaceftus fibrosus
n. palmaris medialis
n. palmaris lateralisradius
F!9-3| reP.csztdtofIftsftaEbratrium:
'fid YieU (2).
' fleor rpi u|naris mus|e hasen rrved to disp|ay thestrLtures lying deep to its tendonof iertion (see a|so Fig.3'32). prt hs been removed from thesuperfiia| digita| f|eor mus|e tostw the radia| and humeraI headsof the deep flexor muscle.
m. triceps brachii (caputIongum)
n. cutaneus antebrachi icaudalis (n. ulnaris)m' fleor dioitorum
p rof u n d us ( c a pufu t n a re )n. utnas
m. fleor digitorumsuperficialis
a. profunda antebrachi im' fleor digitorumprofundus (caput
humerale)m' fleor digitorumprofundus (caput
radiale)m. flexor digitorum
superficialisn. palmaris lateralis
1n. medianus)
n ulnaris r. dorsa/n. ulnaris r. palmaris
v. cephalica
n. palmaris lateralis(n. medianus et n ulnaris)
m. fleor carpi ulnaris(cutedge oftendon)
accessory carpal bonea.v. radialis
m. triceps brachii (caputmediale)
a collateralis ulnarislnn. cubitales
m. biceps brachii
v medianacubitin cutaneus antebrachiimedialis(n. musuIoutaneUs)lacertus flbrosusm. fleor carpi radialism' fleor carpi ulnarisn. medianus (r. muscularis)a.v. transversa cubitiv. meolanan meotanusn. palmaris medialisn. palmaris lateralism. fIeor carpi radialism. etensor carpi radialisradiusa. medianav. mediana r palmarisradiUs' medial stloidprocess
medial collateral li gament
m. abdutor digiti l longus
.32 Vessels andrves of the left arpus:diIview.iis a c|oser view of a oart of thtion shown in Fig 3.31 ' heper strutures ar shown In;.3.4] and '42, The more dista|ons of the Iimb are shown in;.3.36 and 3.40.
m fleor digitorumprofu ndus (caput ul nare )
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (caput
humerale)
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (caput
radiale)
m, fleor digitorumsuperficialis
n. ulnas
m. fleor carpi radialis
n. palmaris lateralis
n ulnaris r. dorsalis
n ulnaris r palmaris
a mediana r palmaris
m, etensor carpi uInaris
cut edge of m. fleorcarpi ulnaris
n. palmaris lateralis(n. medianus et n. ulnaris)
acessor carpal bone
cut edge of fleorretinaculum
v. radialis r palmarissupedicialis
n medianus
m etensor carpi radialis
n palmaris lateralis
n palmaris medialis
v. mediana
raolus
n palmaris medialis
a. meonna
a. radialis
radius, medial stloidprocess
v. cephalica
v. mediana r. palmaris
v. radialis
radial carpal bone
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
metacarpal bone llproimal etremil
t
F{tgSElrrcs ofl E-erpl.lsrd prcximal
r3s.3.34-3.36 show]se regions at theae stage of: ssetin. The:croximate extents. 1-e sovia| tendons:.eaths are indiated dotted bIue |ines.
Fi9.3.34Strutures ofthe Ieft carpusndmetaarpus:lateralview.Th soimn is thatshown in Figs 3 33,3.35 and 3 36. Thacessory Iigament o1the deep digita| f|xormus| is aIso knownas the hek Iigamentor aroa| head of thismus|e.
m.etelrIpt rdialis
medial collateral carpalligament
m abductor digiti Ilongus
metacarpal tuberosit
a radialis r. carpeusdorsa/ls
metacaroal bone lll
m etensor carpi radialisa. /terossea cranialis
r ad i Us' lateral stloidproess
m etensor digitorumcommunts
intermedi ate carpal bone
rete carpi dorsalecarpal bone lV
metacarpal bone lll ,tUberosit
tendon from m. etesordigitorum communis
(caput radiale)to m. etensor
digitorum lateralis
m etensor digitorumcommunts
m, etensor digitorumlateralis
n. palmaris lateralis
m fleor digitorumprofundus, ligamentum
acessoflUrna metacarpeadorsal,s
iltmetacarpal bone lllmtacarpal bone lV
distal extremity
m. lnterosseus(suspesory ligament)
radius:medial sIoid processI at ral st l oi d p roce ss
. tterossea cranialis
snov i al ten do sheaths
cut edge of extensorretinaculum
lateral col late ral arpalligament
rete carpi dorsale
m. etensor digitorumlateralis
rete carpi dorsale
tendon of m etensordigitorum lateralis
m. etensor digitorumlateralis
n ulnaris r. dorsalis
m etensor carpi ulnaris,insertions
ulnar carpal bone
accessor carpal bone
lateral collateralligamentof carpus
metacarpal bone lV,proimal etremit
deep metacarpalfascia(cut)
m fleor digitorumprofundus
a. metacarpeapalmaris lll
m fleor digitorumsuperficialis
n palmaris medialisr communtcans
v digitalispalmaris communis lll
m. fleor digitorumprofundus
m. fleor digitorumsuperticialis
n. ulnaris r. dorsalis
n. ulnaris r palmaris
m. extensor digitorumlateralis
m. fleor carpi ulnaris(insertion)
m' etensor carpi ulnaris(insertions)
I ate r al col I ate r al car p alligament
acessory arpal bone
fIeor retinaculum ofcarpus
deep metacarpal fascia(cut)
m. etensor digitorumlateralis
a metacarpeadorsalilt
m. fleor digitorumsuperficialis
n ulnarisn. meonnus
a.v mediana r palmaris
v cephalica
accessory arpal bon
n. palmaris lateralis(n medianus et
n ulnaris)
a.v. radialis
a v. digitalis palmariscommunis ll
n. palmaris medialisr. communtcans
n. palmaris medialis
rn. terosseus
m. fleor digiIorumsuperficialis
n. palmaris lateralis(n medianus)a mediana, r. palmaisradius, medial sloidprocess
v. cephalica
v. mediana r. palmaris
n palmaris lateralis(n medianus et n.ulnaris)
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
a.v. radialis
n palmaris medialis(n. medianus)
n. palmaris medialisr communtcans
a metaarpea dorsalis ll
m. fleor digitorumsupeiicialis
m. /terosseus(suspesory ligament)
m' fleor carpi radialis
radius, medial stloidprocess
metacarpaltubrosit
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
metacarpal bone ll,proimal etremit
metacarpal tUberosit
a. radialis r. carpeusdors/
metacarpal bone lll
a. metacarpea dorsalis ll
metacarpal bone ll ,distal etremit
m. etensor digitorumcommunts
Fig"35Strgfi.lrcs dthe leftcilpllsndmetaa]pus:plmr Yiew.The spetrnen is tna:shown in Figs.3 333.34 and 3.36. nef|exor aroi uInarismus|e has beenremoved to eooseth origin of the |atera'oalmar nerve
Fi9.3.36Strutures ofthe left arPusand proximalmetaarpus:medialview.The speimen is thatshown inFigs.3.30-3.35. Theateries in thisdissetion are shownmore clearly inFig 3.40.
t
Ftg3.S..Itrsdesadztrbsdthelfi cpus armetacarts:dorsal Yi._rs
speimen is aIsosl.!rm in igs.3. 38-3-4o. The dissetions.ows the three majora.(eries ontributin g to:'e dorsal arterialletwork on the aroushe disoosition of thesynovial tendonsheaths of the arouss shown in Fig.3.33
Fi9.3.38Musles ndarteries of theleft carpus andmetarpus:laterlview.he veins, nrves andsuoerfiiaI tissushave been removd todispIay th mus|es ofthe region. Theartris hav beenpreservd to oovidrefrne points forthe positions of othersuperf iiaI strutursthat hav beenrmoved (omparewith Fig 3.34).
m. e,?so.Ip| rialis
radius
radius' medial sloidproess
m. abductor digiti Itongus
metacarpal tuberosity
a. radialis r. carpeusdors/
metacarpal bone lll
phalan l
m etensor digitorumommUnls
lterosse cranialis
rad i Us, lateral st loidproess
rete carpi dorsale
I ate r a I col I ate r al I i g ament
metacarpal tuberosit
tendon from m, etensordigitorum communis tom etensor digitorum
lateralis
m. extensor digitorumlateralis
a metacarpea dorsalis lll
metacarpal bone lV,distal etremil
metacarpal bone lll
proimal sesamoid bone
metacarpal bone lll,distal etremit
rn ,terosseus, tendon tom. etensor digitorUm
communls
a- Uansversa cubiti
/lerosse cranialis
radi us, late r al st loidproess
rete carpi dorsale
lateral collateral carpalgament
tendons fromrn /terosseusto m. extensor digitorumcommunts
m' etensor digitorumlateralis
n. ulnaris r dorsalis(displaced)
m. etensor carpi Ulnaris
accessor carpal bone
accessoriometacarpalligament
metacarpal bone lV ,proimal etremit
m' fl.eor digitorumprotundus
m' fleor digitorumprofundus, ligamentumaccessonum
m' fle.or.digitorumsupe|cIaIls
a digitalis palmariscommunis ll
m. terosseus
palmar ligamentoffetlock joint
proimal phalan
m etensor arpi Ulnarisn Ulnas
m etensor digitorumIateralis
n ulnaris r palmarism etensor arpi ulnaris
radius, latral stloidproess
n palmaris lateralisaccessory arpal bonelateral col lateral carpal
ligament
acessorio_me ta ar p alligament
metacarpal bone lVm. extensor digitorum
lateralis
a. metacarpea dorsalis lll
rn. ,lerosseus
a digitalis lateralis
n. ulnaris r. dorsalis
m. etensor carpi ulnaris
v. mediana r palmaris
acessory carpal bone
cut edge of fleorretinaculum
a.v. radialisa. mediana
m' fleor digitorumprofundus,ligamentum
accessortum
a. digitalis palmariscommunis ll
m, fleor digitorumsuPerficialis
m fleor digitorumprofundus
metacarpal bone ll,distal etremit
palmar ligament ofretloR joint
proimal sesamoid bone
medial tendon fromm. interosseus to m
etensor digitorumcommunts
m. flexor arpi radialis
m. fleor digitorumsupeiicialisn. medianusa. radialis
v. cephalicaradius' medial sloidproessa.v medianar. palmarism. fleor carpi ulnaris,inseftion (cut)
medial collateral carpalligament
fleor retinacuIum cut toepose arpal canalmetacarpal bone ll
a. metacarpea dorsalis ll
metacarpal bone lll
m fleor digitorumsuperticialis
a digitalis medialis
palmar ligamentoffetlock joint
v cephalicaradius, medial stloidproessm. abductor digiti Ilongus
medial collateral I igamentof carpus
m. etensor arpi radialisinsefting on metacarpaltuberositmetacarpal bon llproimaletremit
a. radialisr. carpeus dors/ls
a. metacarpea dorsalis ll
metacarpal bone lll
m. rnferosseus
m. etensor digitorUmcommunls
medial collateralmetacarpophalangealligament
F339tustes andarterbs dfteleft arprsandmetGarpus:palmar Yiew.The f|exor retinacu|Uwhih forms theoalmar wall of thearpa| ana|, hasbeen Ut to exoose thCaroal anaI. FurtherdetaiIs of the ana|and its ontents areshown in Figs.3.4.land3.42.
Fi9.3.40Muscles andarteries of theleft carpus andmetaarpus:media! view.his dissetion is aIsoshcwn in Figs.3.37-3.39.
il
g..42 he left carpalanaland its contents:Hique caudomedial view (2).
he tendon of the superfiia| digita| f|exor musle has ben E.dled o;:the arpa| ana| to dispIay its aessory' or hek, Iigrnet r frrthe auda| surfae of the radius' he aessory |igarrflt ot t]e dedigital flexor tendon is shown in Figs.3.34 and 3.38.
lacertus fibrosus inm etensor arpi radialis
raotus
n. medianus
v. mediana
n. palmaris lateralis
n. palmaris medialis
v. radialis
m fleor carpi radialis
n palmaris medialis(n. medianus)
m. fleor digitorumsu pe rf ici al is, I i gamentu maccessoum
cutedge of carpalsnovial sheath
a radialis
medial carpal collateralligament
m. abductor digiti Ilongus
a. digitalis palmariscommunis ll
metacarpal bone ll ,proimaleXtremit
a. radialis r carpeusdors/is
a. metacarpea dorsalis ll
metacarpal bone lll
metacarpal bone ll
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (caput ulnare)
m. fleor digitorumprofundus (aput
humerale)
m. etensor carpi ulnaris
m fleor digitorumsuperticialis
a. meolana
a radialis proimalis
n ulnaris
v. mediana r. palmaris
n. palmaris lateralis(n. medianus)
snovial carpal sheath offleor tendons, s novia|
cavtry
n. ulnaris r. palmaris
accessor carpal bone
n palmaris lateralis(n. medianus et
n. ulnaris)
cutedge of inseftion ofm' fleor carpi UInaris
n ulnaris r. dorsalis
a. radialis
m. fleor digitorumprofundus
m fleor digitorumsupeiicialis
olg]Deda|
Egl3.{3 Stsrrcrcsatilttic inlet of a
fiod: ht side inYTEU.
he lfi thorai wa|I ad theltrcb visera have beenrerD\.ed. he audaI ervia| andrlil thorai regions of the rightside are displayed. Thesubsequent disstions of thisspeimen (Figs.3.44-3.51 ) showthe right forelimb, dissted from itsmediaI aspet whi|e sti|| attahed tothe trunk.
a- vertebralis(sinistra)
pleus brachi a/ls slnlster(C7 'C8'1 '2)
rn. sa/eUs:dorsa/lsventralis
m.logus colli
oesopnagus
t. vagosmpathicus(sinister)
trachea
a. carotis communis(detra et sinistra)
a'v' vertebraIis (detra)
m. omohoideus
t. vagosmpathicus(dexter)
m. scalenusventralis
v jugularis eterna(detra)
m. sternocephalicus
m. sternoth rohoi deu s
v. cephalica
manubrium of sternum
t' smpathicus
a.v' scapularis dorsl(sinistra)
a'v. cervialis profunda(sinistra)
a, cervicalis profunda(detra)
t. costoceryla/,s(deter)
pleus brachialis(deter)
ribs 1 ,2lnn. mediastinalescraniales
a. subclavia deitra
a. cerv i cali s su perficial is
pleural covering ofintercostal spaces 1 ,2
a.v. aillaris
a' thoracica eterna
a.v. thoracica interna
ribs 1,2(left costal cartilageattachments, cut)
m - longissimus thoracis
Inn. sternales craniales Inn. sternales craniales
Fig.3.44 Right brchil plexus arrd erir* vss d tb ;foal: medialview (1).he strutures |ying media| to the insertion of the vetral s|eus n.te h'e tremoved to show hw the mus|e separates the brahia| p|exus frorn tr'e axilrvesse|s t the crania| border of the first rib.
costal cartilage of rib 1
Fig.3.45 Right brachial plexus and axillary vessels of thefoal: medialview (2).he strnum and the right first rib have now been removed, revealing the origins of thesubc|avius mus|e andthe nerves arising from the brahiaI p|exus.
trachea
a. carotis communis
t' vagosmpathicus
v. jugularis eterna
v. cephalica
m. sternothrohoideus
a.v. cervicalissuperficialis
sternum, manubrium
oesophagus
tacnea
a. carotis communis(detra)
t. vagosmpathicus(deter)
a.v. aillaris
v. cephalica
m. pectoralisdescedens
m. subclavius (origins)
m. pectoral is transversus
m. scalenus ventralis a.v. vettebralis(dete) @etra)
a. thoraciinternarr. i nte rstales ventales
a cervicalis profunda
l. ostoeryical,
rib 1 with part of itsendothoracicfasciaremoved
m. sa/enus ventralis
m. intercostalis internusin fi rst inte rcastal spe
a.v. aillaris
a. thoracica eterna
a. thoracica interna
pleus brachialis
position from which rib 1has been removed
m' i nte rcosta l i s etenusin first intercostal sc
a. thoracica eterna
ribs 2'
m. i nte r tafr sr?'te.6in sedinterostflspae
m. trsyersljs t'ais
rigmti2.(dlte,l,)
m. longus colli
HgrS-16*uilres of ]igftt xil|h thefoal:medhl yiew (1).--e flrst frve ribs and] veatral serrate-s|e have been.er.rved to revea| the.,ght i|la. hesub|avius mus|e hasatso been cut awav.
oesopgus
trachea
a.v vertebralis
a carous communis
t. vagosmpathicus
m. subclavius
n pectoralis cranialis
a v. aillaris
v cephalica
n. pectoral is cranialis
m. pectoralisdesedes
m. pectoralis trasyersus
n. pectoralis cranialis
m subclavius
a.v. aiIlaris
n Actora]is asendes
rjtn. Ntorales caudales
^ toralis asedes
remnants of riahtthoracic wall -
t. costoeryic,s
a cervicalis profunda
n. thoracodorsalis
pleus brachialis
a. thoracica eterna
nn. pectorales caudales
n. thoracicus lateralis
v. thoracica superficialis
m pectoralisasedesFig.3.47
- Strutures of the right axitl in the foal:medialview (2).he superfiial petora| muscles have been removed.
n. thoracodorsalis
n. medianus
n. radialis
m. cutaneus trunci
n. thoracicus lateralis
v. thoracica supedicialismedial deep antebrachial
fascia
pIeus brachialis
Fig.3.48 Structures of the right axilla in the fol:medialview (3).Further dissection reveals the vessels and nerves of the region re fully nd stwsthe xiIlary |ymph nodes.
Fig.3.49 Strutures of the right ax.lla in the foal:medialview (4).The axillary vein has been shortened to reveal the axillary loop formed bymusuloctaneous and median nerves. The remova| of the thoraodorsal and |ateralthorai vesse|s and nerves revea|s more c|ear|y the musIes of the ail|a.
trachea
a.v. vertebralis
t. vagasympathicusn. pectoralis cranialis
m. subclavius
n. musculocutaeus
n. ulnarisa' aillaris
n. medianusv. aillaris
v ' thoracica eterna
nn. pectorales caudales
m' pectoralis asendens
a.v veftebralism. scalenusventralis
tacnean pectoralis cranialisa. carotis communis
t. vagosmpathicusm. subclavius
n musculocutaneusa. axillaris
ansa aillarisn. pectoralis cranialis
n. rnedianus
m. longusdit. ostocer,.,6
a. cervicalis protwt,
m. subscapularism.teres major
n. thoracodorsalis
n' aillarisa.v. subscapularis
n. thoracicus lateralis
a.v. thoracodorsalisn. radialis
n. i nte rco sto b r ac h i al i s
lnn' aillares
v. thoracica superficiales
n. thoracicus lateralis
m. longus collim. subscapularisn. aillarism. teres malor
a.v. subscapularis
a. thoracodorsalis
m.latissimus dorsin. radialis
v ' aillarisn. ulnarisv. thoracia externa
m' pector al i s asendes
,
+59 !frrs dthe m ax.lla er brecftial rcglorr oflilH:fidYU.ilqE''fi'o pe,or| rr.sle hs bee removed.
Fig.3.51 The right xillary artery in the foal: medialview.The nerves of the brahial p|exus have been removed from around the xil|ary artery toshow its branhes and the brahia| artery'
tracheaoesopagus
m. scalenus ventralisa. carotis communis
m subclaviusa v. veftebralis
m. pectoral I s ascedensn. musculocutaneus
ansa ailIarisnn. petorales caudales
m. coracobrachialisn. musculocutaneus
r muscularis proimalism. biceps brachii
n. medianusn. musculocutaneusr. muscularis distalis
v. cephalicav. mediana cubiti
m. etensor carpi radialis
oesopr,agust. vagosmpathicus
tracheaa. carotis communis:
detra et sinistrat. vagosmpathicus
m. scalenusventralism. subclavius
m. pectoralis asedesa suprascapularis
a. aillarisa. circumflexa
humeri cranialisn. musculocutaneus
r- llscularis proximalis
m- aracobrachialis
m. biceps brachii
n. mtculoaltaneusr. us'J,aris dista]is
m.longus collit. ostoceryicalis
a. cervicalis profunda
m. subscapularis
n. aillaris
m.latissimus dorsi
m. teres major
a.v. subscapularis
n radialisn. ulnaris
a.v. brachialis
m. pectoralis ascendesInn cubitales
m. tensor fasciaeantebrachii
m. fleor carpi radialis
n. Utaneus antebrachiicaudalis (n. ulnaris)
m.Iongus collia v. vertebralist' costoervicalisa. cevialis profundapleus brachialism. subscapularisn. axillarisa. circumflea humericaudalis
a. thoracodorsalism. teres major
a.v. subscapularisa.v. brachialis
n. medianus
n. ulnaris
lnn cubitales
m. tensor fasciaeantebrachii