www.ctfc.cat
Pere Navarro, Judit Rodríguez, Ignacio LópezDepartment of Wood Mobilization and Biomass
Forest Technology Center of Catalonia
Fostering bioenergy from forests in Catalonia
www.ctfc.cat
Who we are?
Government of Catalonia
Lerida University (UdL)
Solsona County Council
Lerida Province Council
Center for the Integral Rural Development of Catalonia
Research and innovation catalan Foundation (FCRI)
CTFC is a public consortium with private management
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How is forestry in Catalonia structured?
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Area (ha)*
Catalonia total area 3,199,011Forest & other
wooded land (Forests + Shrubland + Other) 1,938,281
% 60.59
Forests 1,214,664
Shrubland 525,917Other
(grasslands,barren land, etc.) 197,699
Aproximately the 80% are private forest land
*Centre for ecological research and forestry aplications
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•Spanish Forest National Inventory + in detail inventory•Data available per diameter class:
–Stem volume o. and u. bark–Firewood volume–Stem weight–Crown weight–Leaves/needles weight
Estimating the resources’ availability
How much is it there, in the forests? Standing volume estimation
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Growth values from the Spanish Forest Inventory:-Annual increment of volume o. and u. bark-Basic wood density of the species
Estimating the resources’ availability
How much are the forests growing? Which is the maximum potential?
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-Continuous Cover Forestry (ideal curve)
-Planification with even-aged stands (ideal curve at whole-stand level)
Estimating the ideal curve – Q of Liocourt
Estimating the resources’ availability
How is the wood extractedsustainably?
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Diàmetre normal (cm)
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All the species (Catalunya)
Excess
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Jordi Vayreda(CREAF)
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-The ideal curve: combinate growth and exploitation periodicity (15-20 years) to estimate the annual sustainable potential-The wood overload at forest sites must be extracted, but this will mean more extractions at the beginning (risk of overestimation)
Estimating the resources’ availability
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Estimating the resources’ availability
“Inventory” of forest companiesHow do they work currently?How are they organized?Which means do they have to work?
Who will work at the forests?
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Weather Protectedareas
Accessibility Forestdynamics
Snow: limits forestworks up to 7 months in somecases
Forest fires risk: no works in summer
Regulated orimpeded forestryactivity
Forest road network
Rockyness
Slopes
Pests
Protected speciescycle
Estimating the resources’ availability
Are there limitations to forestwork?
David Pérez
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Factor Included excludingAreas protected Outside forest protected (EIN- area
of natural interest)
Accessibility slope < 30%: max 400 mslope 30-60 %: max 150 mslope 60-100%: max 75 m
Surface track farther tothe distancesmentioned. Surface with > 100% slope.
Edafology and ecology
Capitalitation: FCC≥ 70%Erosion: slope < 100 %
Sustainabilitythat it exceeds the ideal curve
down from the ideal
curve
Market Quercus: Dn ≤ 35 cm.Conífers and deciduous: Dn ≤ 15 cm
timber with the largest
diameter
Management leave trees of large diameters, bird
habitat improvement
--
Wildlife presence of protected species: August/September, december
The rest of the year
Pests Pests: April-July The rest of the year
Timing/moments
Amount
Surface
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MappingaccessibilityForest areaaccessible in county Osona
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Transport coststo storage areas
Estimation of transporttime to three storageareas in Pallars Sobiràcounty
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Restrictions on final uses
Final user Solid biofuel Expected/Required features
Firewood Traditional without restrictions
Wood pellets without additives nor straw
Dry and very homogeneous chips without branches
Wood pellets wihout additives nor straw
Dry and homogeneous chips
Chips, chunk, powder/milled wood (depending ontech.)
Agriindustries Wood chips (pellets)
Dry and homogeneous chips
Very dry and very homogeneous chips
Very dry and homogeneous chips
(Organic) Rankine Cycle
Wood chips Wood chips, chunk, powder/milled wood(depending on boiler tech.)
Bakeries Firewood Traditional
Wood pelletsFacilities and buildings
Wood chips
Industries Wood chips
Gasificationup/downdraft
Wood chips
Gasification fluid bed Wood chips
Wood pelletsHousehold use
Wood chips
Contamination and composition
MoistureSize & homogeneityType and tree part
Factors
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Influence of final use on logistics
Felling Independent (when possible)
Processing –haulage
Loss of productivity in delimbing –afections to soil in haulage
Minerals incorporation
Roundwood storage
Dependent on pests and need of drychipping
Transport Differences among slash, whole treesand stems
Comminution/ chipping/ sieving
Dependent on later use (storage, industrial/household use, etc). Lowproductivity with slash
Wood chip storage
Very dependent on utility size, owned means, final use, etc.
Delivery Dependencies on distance, facility’sease of access, silo location, etc.
Type and treepart
Size & homogeneity Moisture Contamination
and composition
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Estimation of demand potential
User Estimation
Household heating and hot water –isolated houses/aggregated(villages/towns)
Standarized demand according toclimate, house structure, etc.
Fattening farms Modulated values
Industries Type of industry and overallactivity
Public facilities and buildings Current consumption orextrapolations
Other services’ buildingsCurrent consumption, extrapolations, theoreticalassessment
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Industries’ needs
Heating (60º-70ºC) Hot water (90 – 180 ºC) and steam
Animal fattening (i.e. poultry)
Greenhouses (also CO2)
Offices
Slaughterhouses
Food industries (tinned food, baking, bottleing, fodder, wax/honey, milk and derivates, sterilization)
Ceramic factories (pre-firing treatments, drying, castspreheating, etc.)
Laundries (hot water)
Textile industries (hot water, steam)
Hospitals (hot water and traditionally good for cogeneration)
Tanning factories (hot water/steam)
Etc.
Agriindustries
Other indusries
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Demand mapping -heat
Distribution ofheat demand. Example ofcounty Osona
DISSEMINAT
AGLOMERATS
SERVEIS_1
COLúLECTIU
COMER€
INDUSTRI_1
RAMADERIA
Isolated
Aggregated
Services
Collective buildings
Commerce
Industries
Farms
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Demand mapping -cogeneration
Potential for smallcombined heat and powerplants at industries. Example of County Osona
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SWOT Analisys –Strategies design
Weaknesses
Higher costs than other biomasses
Variable moisture content
Limited availability
Strengths
Manageable energy resource
Lower cost than petroleum products
Clean energy
Creates jobs at rural areas
Threats
Strong competence of Natural Gas
Lack of awareness
Lack of legislation for thermic uses
Survival strategy
Detection of areas with high availability not covered by NG
networks
Defensive strategy
Strong dissemination actions
Opportunities
European directives
The need of forest management
A more sustainable energy model
New buildings
Reorientation strategy
Ensure quality and traceability
Offensive strategy
Public buildings installations
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Strategies implementationDecision makers
•Diffusion of knowledge among decision makers•Improve coordination among different governmental departments and decision makers •Include in any new building project a central heating based on wood (Integrated Plan of Works and Services of Catalonia)•Concentrate in areas with high potential•Investment grants
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Strategies implementationFocusing on potential industrial users
Agriindustries and other industries
•Diffusion of advantages
•Installers and engineers training
•Identification of areas where bioenergy offer and heat demand meet
Actions General diffusion action
General diffusion action
Selling price per MWh of diverse energy sources
45,00 €/MWh49,36 €/MWh
71,68 €/MWh
32,87 €/MWh
57,17 €/MWh
68,87 €/MWh
72,59 €/MWh
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€/M
Wh
Heating oil SFM wood chips Natural gas - household
Natural gas - industries Wood pellets Piped propan
Bottled propan
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Strategies implementationQuality and traceability - CTFC
•Biomass analysis laboratory
•Participation in the spanish standarization committee (AENOR)
–Quality standards
–Traceability standard
•Creation of a quality control label
•Dissemination of quality standards and procedures
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Other activities of diffusion
Diffusion bulletin
“infobiomassa”
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Other activities of diffusion
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Projects in Europe
•Intelligent Energy Europe-encourage the use of renewable energy sources in Europe
Others with CTFC participation:•Woode3-logistic•Prospects market in fragmented forestownership- wood mobilization•Rok-For- Agenda research for wood products(green chemistry)
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Any question?
Pere Navarro, Judit Rodríguez, Ignacio López Wood mibilisation and biomass Department
Forest Technology Center of [email protected]
Photographs: J. Rodríguez, M. Codina, A. Marques, D. Pérez, I. López
Thanks for your attention