Franklin County Amateur Radio ClubFranklin County Amateur Radio Club
Technician Class License CourseTechnician Class License Course
Bob Solosko W1SRBBob Solosko W1SRBAl Woodhull N1AWAl Woodhull N1AW
Chris Myers KB1NEKChris Myers KB1NEKBob Dickerman WA1QKTBob Dickerman WA1QKT
Technician License Exam
FCC Rules; 6
Operating Procedures; 3
Amateur Radio Practices; 2
AC Power, Hazards; 3
Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4
Electrical Components; 4
Modulation Modes; 4
Radio Wave Characteristics; 3
Antennas; 2
FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards
Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes
Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas
35 questions, 26 correct to pass
Number of questions in each area
Non-technical11 questions
Technical17 questions
Slightly technical7 questions
Technician License Exam
FCC Rules; 6
Operating Procedures; 3
Amateur Radio Practices; 2
AC Power, Hazards; 3
Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4
Electrical Components; 4
Modulation Modes; 4
Radio Wave Characteristics; 3
Antennas; 2
FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards
Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes
Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas
35 questions, 26 correct to pass
Number of questions in each area
Technician License Exam
FCC Rules; 6
Operating Procedures; 3
Amateur Radio Practices; 2
AC Power, Hazards; 3
Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4
Electrical Components; 4
Modulation Modes; 4
Radio Wave Characteristics; 3
Antennas; 2
FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards
Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes
Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas
35 questions, 26 correct to pass
Number of questions in each area
Class 1Class 1
Class 2Class 2
Class 2Class 2
Class 3Class 3
Class 3Class 3Class 4Class 4
Class 4Class 4
Class 5Class 5
Class 5Class 5
Class 5Class 5
Class 4Class 4
Technician License Exam
FCC Rules; 6
Operating Procedures; 3
Amateur Radio Practices; 2
AC Power, Hazards; 3
Station Equipment; 4Electrical Principles; 4
Electrical Components; 4
Modulation Modes; 4
Radio Wave Characteristics; 3
Antennas; 2
FCC Rules Operating Procedures Amateur Radio Practices AC Power, Hazards
Station Equipment Electrical Principles Electrical Components Modulation Modes
Radio Wave Characteristics Antennas
You’ll need to know how to do this:
V = I x RP = I x V
You don’t need to know how to do this:
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
FrequencyWavelength
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
FrequencyWavelength
• Hz = Hertz = cycles per second
• kHz = kilohertz = 1000 hertz = 1000 cycles/sec
• MHz = megahertz = 1 million hertz = 1 million cycles/sec = 1000 kHz
• GHz = gigahertz = 1 billion hertz = 1000 MHz
Hz, kHz, MHz and GHzHz, kHz, MHz and GHz
Named after Heinrich Hertz – In 1886, first to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
FrequencyWavelength
Relationship Between Frequency and WavelengthRelationship Between Frequency and WavelengthFrequency is cycles per second:
• cycle per second = 1 Hz (Hertz)• if freq = 1000 Hz (1 kHz), then 1 cycle = 1/1000 sec• if freq = 1,000,000 Hz (1 MHz), then 1 cycle = 1/1,000,000 sec
Speed of Light = 300,000,000 meters per second (speed of radio wave in a vacuum)• if freq = 1 MHz, then in one cycle, radio wave travels
300,000,000 m/sec X (1/1,000,000 sec) = 300 meters = wavelength (λ)• λ = speed of light/freq (in Hz) = 300,000/(freq in kHz) = 300/(freq in MHz)
(1 meter ≈ 39⅓ in. ≈ 3¼ ft.)
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
FrequencyWavelength
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
FrequencyWavelength
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
70
cm (
42
0 M
Hz
– 4
50
MH
z)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Worldwide Communications
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Worldwide Communications Local Communications
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Worldwide Communications Local Communications
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz
Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges
Phone & DataPhone & Data
Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges
Morse CodeMorse CodeTec
hT
ech
Tec
hT
ech
Tec
hT
ech
Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges
Phone & DataPhone & Data
Technician LicenseTechnician LicenseOperating PrivilegesOperating Privileges
Morse CodeMorse CodeTec
hT
ech
Tec
hT
ech
Tec
hT
ech
The Radio SpectrumThe Radio Spectrum
100 kHz3000 m
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
10 GHz3 cm
AM
Bro
ad
cast
FM
Bro
ad
cast
TV
Bro
ad
cast
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
Cel
lula
r P
hone
s
1 MHz300 m
10 MHz30 m
100 MHz3 m
1 GHz30 cm
16
0 m
(1
.8 M
Hz
– 2
MH
z)
6 m
(5
0 M
Hz
– 5
4 M
Hz)
80
m (
3.5
MH
z –
4 M
Hz)
60
m (
5.3
MH
z ,
5 c
ha
nn
els
)
40
m (
7 M
Hz
– 7
.3 M
Hz)
30
m (
10
.1 M
Hz
– 1
0.1
5 M
Hz)
20
m (
14
MH
z –
14
.35
MH
z)
17
m (
18
.06
8 M
Hz
– 1
8.1
68
MH
z)
15
m (
21
MH
z –
21
.45
MH
z)
12
m (
24
.89
MH
z –
24
.9 M
Hz)
10
m (
28
MH
z –
29
.7 M
Hz)
1.2
5 m
(2
22
MH
z –
22
5 M
Hz)
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Ham
Ban
ds
Worldwide Communications Local Communications
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
2 m
(1
44
MH
z –
14
8 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
70
c m
(4
20
MH
z –
45
0 M
Hz)
FCARC RepeatersFCARC Repeaters
FrequencyWavelength
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
33
cm
(9
02
MH
z –
92
8 M
Hz)
LF(Low
Frequency)
MF(Medium
Frequency)
HF(High
Frequency)
VHF(Very HighFrequency)
UHF(Ultra HighFrequency)
SHF(Super HighFrequency)
3 GHz300 MHz 30 GHz300 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz30 kHz