Future of the Catalog
OPAC Complainers
There is certainly no dearth of OPAC complainers You have Andrew Pace (OPACs suck) and Roy Tennant (You Canrsquot Put Lipstick on a Pig) writing and presenting about the need for change (more simplicity) in the OPAC world I can appreciate their arguments for a simpler OPAC (not to mention the rest of the system) but other then present their arguments neither has much in the way of suggestions nor have they sparked a movement among librarians or the automation vendors to do anything about the situation
-ACRL Blog entry 13-Oct-2005
Problems with Existing Catalogs
bull Known item searching works pretty well (sometimes) but hellip
bull Lots of topical searches and poor subject accessndash keyword gives too many or too few results ndash leads to general
distrust among usersndash authority searching is under-utilized and misunderstood
bull Relevance = system sort orderbull Impossible to browse the collectionbull Unforgiving on spelling errors stemmingbull Response time doesnrsquot meet expectations of web-savvy
users
Valuable metadata is buried
bull Subject headings are not leveraged in keyword searchingndash they should be browsed or linked from not
searched
bull Data from the item record is not leveragedndash should be able to easily filter based on userrsquos
changing requirements using item type location circulation status popularity
Do we agree
bull Most integrated library systems as they are currently configured and used should be removed from public view
- Roy Tennant CDL
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
OPAC Complainers
There is certainly no dearth of OPAC complainers You have Andrew Pace (OPACs suck) and Roy Tennant (You Canrsquot Put Lipstick on a Pig) writing and presenting about the need for change (more simplicity) in the OPAC world I can appreciate their arguments for a simpler OPAC (not to mention the rest of the system) but other then present their arguments neither has much in the way of suggestions nor have they sparked a movement among librarians or the automation vendors to do anything about the situation
-ACRL Blog entry 13-Oct-2005
Problems with Existing Catalogs
bull Known item searching works pretty well (sometimes) but hellip
bull Lots of topical searches and poor subject accessndash keyword gives too many or too few results ndash leads to general
distrust among usersndash authority searching is under-utilized and misunderstood
bull Relevance = system sort orderbull Impossible to browse the collectionbull Unforgiving on spelling errors stemmingbull Response time doesnrsquot meet expectations of web-savvy
users
Valuable metadata is buried
bull Subject headings are not leveraged in keyword searchingndash they should be browsed or linked from not
searched
bull Data from the item record is not leveragedndash should be able to easily filter based on userrsquos
changing requirements using item type location circulation status popularity
Do we agree
bull Most integrated library systems as they are currently configured and used should be removed from public view
- Roy Tennant CDL
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Problems with Existing Catalogs
bull Known item searching works pretty well (sometimes) but hellip
bull Lots of topical searches and poor subject accessndash keyword gives too many or too few results ndash leads to general
distrust among usersndash authority searching is under-utilized and misunderstood
bull Relevance = system sort orderbull Impossible to browse the collectionbull Unforgiving on spelling errors stemmingbull Response time doesnrsquot meet expectations of web-savvy
users
Valuable metadata is buried
bull Subject headings are not leveraged in keyword searchingndash they should be browsed or linked from not
searched
bull Data from the item record is not leveragedndash should be able to easily filter based on userrsquos
changing requirements using item type location circulation status popularity
Do we agree
bull Most integrated library systems as they are currently configured and used should be removed from public view
- Roy Tennant CDL
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Valuable metadata is buried
bull Subject headings are not leveraged in keyword searchingndash they should be browsed or linked from not
searched
bull Data from the item record is not leveragedndash should be able to easily filter based on userrsquos
changing requirements using item type location circulation status popularity
Do we agree
bull Most integrated library systems as they are currently configured and used should be removed from public view
- Roy Tennant CDL
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Do we agree
bull Most integrated library systems as they are currently configured and used should be removed from public view
- Roy Tennant CDL
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Libraries Today
bull Starting pointsndash Technology-driven research teaching and
learningndash User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided access
to content)ndash Global ldquoinfosphererdquondash Accelerating shift in information seekersrsquo
preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
A New Kind of Information Seeker
bull Even more self-sufficientndash ldquoMost respondents indicated they have not sought
help (64 percent) when using library resourcesrdquomdashOCLC report on perceptions of libraries 2005
bull On Webndash Popular search engine traffic in November 2005 515
BILLION searches (amp Google out front)
bull Expect seamless linking amp instant gratification
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
A New Kind of Library
bull Build a vision of a new kind of librarybull Examine assumptionsbull Be more involved with research and
learning materials and systemsbull Move to next generation systems and
servicesbull Make library collections and librarians
more visible
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
The Decline of the Catalog
bull Users taking the bypassndash 89 of college students say they begin with search engines vs
2 with library Web pages
bull One piece of a fragmented library information landscape (and hard to use)ndash Principle of Least Effortndash Metasearch in trouble
bull Cataloging tradition unsustainablendash ldquoJust how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully
constructed catalogsrdquomdashDeanna Marcum LC Associate Librarian
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Affordability and Scalability Expense of cataloging
Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets
Need more than descriptive metadata
Interoperability issues
Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services
Shrinking tech services departments
Streamlining tech services workflows
Increasing use of external sources of data automated cataloging methods
Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior Preference for online information
Reliance on simple keyword search
Decline of subject searching
Expectation of seamless linking
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Challenges Facing Cataloging
Availability of Catalog Librarians LIS grads not choosing cataloging
Graying of the library profession (demographics)
Significance of the Catalog Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere
Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
Future of Individual Library Catalogs Less emphasis on one catalog per library
Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog shared catalogs catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat)
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
The Continuing Importance of the Catalog
bull Books and serials are not dead and they are not yet digital
bull ARL libraries spent the lionrsquos share of $665 million on books and serials in 2006
The legacy of the worldrsquos library collections is tied to the future of catalogs
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
What To Do About It
Revitalize1 Develop new uses for catalog data
2 Find new users for the existing product
3 Find new uses and new users
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
New Users New Uses
bull New users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Programs for freshmenbull ldquoPushrdquo to course Web pages
bull New users New usesndash Examples
bull Mass digitizationbull Large scale integration with other systemsbull Universal access
bull Existing users Existing usesndash Examples
bull Minor enhancement to existing catalogs
bull Existing users New usesndash Examples
bull E-journal discoverybull Subject pathfindersbull Export to bibliographic management software
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Information User and Use Environments for Bibliographic Data
bull The consumer environment end-user of the bibliographic data the information consumer and services that are designed to assist the end-user in finding relevant information from search engines to specialized catalog interfaces
bull The management environment pertains to resource collection management
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Consumer Environment
bull Three main factors that affect consumer use of bibliographic datandash system knowledgendash domain expertisendash procedural knowledge
bull Large majority of users (77) have low system knowledge and low domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble novicesrdquo)
bull At the other end of the scale only 05 of users have high system knowledge and high domain expertiseprocedural knowledge (ldquodouble expertsrdquo)
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Possible New Tool
bull the ability to recognize clusters of knowledge production (persons and subjects)
bull the lineage of publications (ie how they exist in chronological relationship to each other)
bull the ability to make previously unknown connections among resources
bull the ability to make serendipitous or unforeseen connections among topics
bull identification of the authoritativeness of sources bull the popularityamount of use of a resourcebull the sociology of knowledge for example the ldquopedigreerdquo of
authors and publishers
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Management Environment
bull Traditionally libraries manage inventorybibliographic resources at the level of bundles whether an anthology of works a journal or a single work
bull This has become insufficient to meet user expectations of more granularity in bibliographic description and to handle an inventory that is increasingly comprised of electronic formats that are more fluid and accessible at a more granular level
bull Providing unified management of these disparate collections is the challenge and interoperability of bibliographic data is important to success
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Problematic Bibliographic Data
bull encoded data in the 006 007 008 and leader fields
bull uniform titles
bull analytics
bull multi-language resources
bull multiple unique identifiers
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Whatrsquos the big picture
bull Improve the quality of the library catalog user experience
bull Exploit our existing authority infrastructure (aka make MARC data work harder)
bull Build a more flexible catalog tool that can be integrated with discovery tools of the future
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Plugging Holes in the System
bull Natural language problemndash LCSH=United StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783 ndash keyword=revolutionary war (834 hits)ndash Subject keyword=ldquoUnited StatesmdashHistorymdashRevolution 1775-1783rdquo
(3081 hits)
bull Facets taken out of the free-floating and hierarchical context of LCSH can be misleading
bull Irsquove followed many a tag cloud but assuming that browsing is still popular how does one browse keywords
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Paradox 1
We finally have interesting discovery tools that make use of bibliographic data in ways that show us that the data are not completely adequate for use with the new discovery tools
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
ldquoSubject Keywordsrdquo
bull ldquo[from Recommendations]
hellipAbandon the attempt to do comprehensive subject analysis manually with LCSH in favor of subject keywords urge LC to dismantle LCSHrdquo
-- Karen Calhoun The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools report prepared for the Library of Congress March 2006
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Paradox 2
ldquoSubject keywordsrdquo should replace the controlled vocabulary from which the keywords themselves are most easily derived
Letrsquos build bridges between the mountains of bibliographic description so that we can tear down the mountains
If not LCSH then what
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Paradox 3
bull Computational (eg non-human mediated) creation of subject-based facets will work perfectly once all the full text of every work is available in electronic format
What does a search and retrieval system for 50 million books and 50 million articles look like
bull G o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g l e
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Bibliographic Control Wish List
bull A classification or subject thesaurus system that enables faceted navigation
bull A work identifier for books and serialsbull Something other than LC Name Authority for
ldquoorganizationsrdquobull Physical descriptions that help libraries send books to off-
site shelving and to patronrsquos mailboxesbull Something other than MARC in which to encode all of the
abovebull Systems that can actually use the encoding
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Paradox 4 The Ultimate Paradox
bull ldquoYoursquore damned if you do and yoursquore damned if you donrsquotrdquo
bull - Bart Simpson
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Stones (Boulders) In the Road
bull Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required
bull Progress toward interoperability is slowbull Copyright law has not caught up with the
digital worldbull Precedents for large-scale collaboration are
fewbull There may not be enough money
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Vision for Change
bull The service model for the catalog will be financially sustainable
bull The catalog will evolve toward full integration with other discovery tools
bull Shared catalogs and open information systems will radically democratize access to library collections and boost scholarly productivity to new levels
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Innovations and Cost Reductions
bull Much better linkages ingest convert extract transferbull Interoperatebull Simplify amp exploit all sources of catalog databull Eliminate custom practicesbull Automate and streamline workflowsbull Explore automatic classification subject analysis
reengineer and automate LCSH practicebull Mine catalog data for new uses experiment with FRBR
(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Challenges from a changing environment
1 An expanding information universe
2 Better search systems
3 Invaders in our domain
4 An unstable environment
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
6 Portals are a puzzle
7 FRBR
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
1 An expanding information universe
bull The role and place of the opac is changing dramatically
bull OPAC one of many peer resources
ndash Multiple local collection catalogs visual materials GIS archival collections social science datasets plus an opac (and lots of little databases)
ndash Licensed external services proliferating
ndash Plus internet engines on-line book stores etc etc
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
1 An expanding information universe
bull Adaptability and integration becoming critical OPAC attributes
bull Hope that OPACs evolve to enable greater integration with the larger information environment
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
2 Better search systems
bull Internet and the explosion of digital information generating tremendous research and innovation in search technologyndash Faster
ndash Better results
ndash Assist the user
ndash Dealing with large retrieval sets
bull Hope that OPAC will profit from Internet search innovation
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Amazoncom Wersquove been hearing ldquoitrsquos so much easier to find books in Amazon ndash I go there first than to the catalogrdquo
bull And nowhellipSearch Inside the Book
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
A Quote
bull ldquoOn the other hand therersquos Amazoncom Irsquom hardly the first to note that Amazon as a catalog or research tool is easier to use and significantly more productive than conventional academic library catalogsrdquo
bull Tim Burke (Swarthmore) Burn the Catalog (2004)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
3 Invaders in our domain
bull Google Print and Google Scholarbull library metadata from OCLC and
digital librariesbull search contents of e-journals
(CrossSearch)bull search contents of books (GooglePrint)bull What nextbull (and there will be something next)
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
3 Invaders in our domain
bull ldquoWhy canrsquot I find journal articles along with books in the catalogrdquo
bull (Thatrsquos what Google is doinghellip)bull A fear Opac increasingly ignored for more
appealing and powerful servicesbull A hope Integrate opac informationwith other
search servicesndash (search Google then find the book location in your
library)
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
4 An unstable environment
bull Many many more players in the information environment
bull Enormous amount of experimentation creativity
bull Technology enables new models services and players
bull Change enormously rapidbull Google is only 6 years old
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
4 An unstable environment
bull A fear OPAC will stagnate and become irrelevantbull Why stagnation
ndash Opac technical platform not flexible unable to evolve rapidly
ndash opac developments tied to very long development timeframe
ndash underlying opac model 20 years old interfaces 10 year oldhellip
ndash ILS vendors turn their attention elsewherebull no longer invest resources in opac
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
5 A role for evaluationrecommendation
bull Opacs are consciously non-evaluativehellip does that serve all users
bull Not all users are the same
bull Some want to fend for themselves while others would welcome some assistance
bull A fear The opac will increasingly be a tool for only the sophisticated researcher
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
6 Portals are a puzzle Three questions
bull Is recreating the opac in the portal sensible
bull Will portals scale as the number of e-resources grows
bull Can we afford duplicate maintenance of portals and opacs
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
7 FRBR
bull Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)
bull Hierarchic model for bibliographic datandash Work expression manifestation item
bull Potentially more coherent view of bibliographic holdings than the ldquounit recordrdquo of catalog cards (and MARC records)
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
7 FRBR
bull A hope Opacs move beyond ldquoone card per itemrdquo model and use the power of the computer to organize complex data
bull A fear The library community will be consumed by FRBRAACR ndash III debates and implementation while the information environment moves on without us
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
The fearful picture
bull Opac is bypassed for more exciting and effective search engines
bull Opacs stagnate through neglectbull Opacs feel increasingly rule-bound and
obsoletendash used only by the sophisticated researcher
bull Librarians argue about cataloging rules while the larger world moves onhellip
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
More quotes from Burn the Catalog
bull ldquoI think wersquod be better off to just utterly erase our existing academic catalogsrdquo
bull ldquolock all the vendors and librarians and scholars together in a room and make them hammer out electronic research tools that are Amazon-plusrdquo
bull (to create) ldquoa catalog that is a partner rather than an obstacle in the making and tracking of knowledgerdquo
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Expectations are changing
bull 20 years ago the Tim Burkes of the world were wildly enthusiastic about opacs
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
The hopeful picture
bull The opac becomes more integrated with the larger information environmentndash including metasearch enginesndash and internet engines such as Google
bull Opac searching improves in parallel with other search environmentsndash including help with larger retrieval sets
bull Opacs and portals merge to simplify the environment for both users and librarians
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
The hopeful picture
bull Opacs help the general user find a good copy to read
bull FRBR makes things better not worse
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Questionshellip
bull Does the competition matterndash letrsquom use Google and Amazon if that suits their
needs
bull Even if it matters do we have the resources to hold our own in this environmentndash Google spent $200M in lsquo04 in RampD (not
including stock optionshellip)ndash and expects to increase that by 50 this year
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Questionshellip
bull Should we shrink the role of the opacndash locating items organizing deeply complex parts
of the collection ndash and shrink the cost of creating it
bull Or separate it from the ils and ldquomodernizerdquo it using a commercial search enginendash possibly not ldquoMARC awarerdquohellip
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Questionshellip
bull Do opacs need expensive complex metadata in the world of Amazon (simple metadata) and Google (full text searching)ndash is the world moving towards dumb data smart
engines
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Library of CongressWorking Group on the Future of
Bibliographic Control
bull Three Guiding Principles1 Redefine bibliographic control2 Redefine the bibliographic universe3 Redefine the role of the Library of Congress
Present findings on how bibliographic controland other descriptive practices can effectivelysupport management of and access to librarymaterials in the evolving information andtechnology environment
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Bibliographic Control
bull Describing
bull 1048708Analyzing
bull 1048708Organizing
bull 1048708Managing
bull 1048708 hellip to assist discovery identification selection and access
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Library Materials
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferencespapersbull Anthologiesstories poemsbull Essay collections exhibit catalogs hellipbull JournalsArticlesbull RecordingsSongs Interviews Speechesbull ArchivesMSS Letters Photosbull Physical licensed digitized web-available
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Library Materials
bull All are potential objects of discoveryndash (chapters charts poems pictures)
bull All are potential targets of citations links
bull Ergo all are subjects for bibliographic control
bull Bibliographic Control = Catalog books
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Library Materialsin the catalog hellip and not
bull Booksbull Monographs novels government reportsbull Conferences papersbull Anthologies stories poemsbull Essay collections essaysbull JournalsArticlesbull Recordings Songs Interviews Speechesbull Archives MSS Letters Photos
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Blended Discovery
bull Wikipedia
bull Google Books
bull JSTOR article
bull Smithsonian exhibit
bull Guardian book review
bull IMDB German TV Miniseries
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Guiding Principles another way
bull Library materials are both objects and their content
bull Bibliographic Control is more than ldquodescriptive practicerdquo
bull Bibliographic Control doesnrsquot just happen in the library catalog
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Blended Discovery Implications
bull Many descriptions of the same thing intermingled
bull Reliance on machine-enabled connectionsndash Google to WorldCat Amazon to OPAC
bull Emphasis on machine-recognized identifiersndash ISBN DOI OCLC Author Open URL
bull Modular application of standardsbull No safe haven
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Guiding Principles
bull Recommend ways in which the library community can collectively move toward achieving this vision
bull Advise the Library of Congress on its role and priorities
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Redefining Roles
bull Wersquore all in this together
bull ldquoSome animals are more equal than othersrdquo
bull The members of the Working Group are not economists
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
1 Increase efficiencies
bull Eliminate Redundancies
bull Distribute responsibility
bull Re-examine economics
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Be cognizant of other sources
bull Publishers (ONIX)
bull Vendors
bull Foreign Libraries
bull Commercial (IMDB)
bull Entrepreneurs
bull Folks
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Efficiency
bull Use as much as we can
bull Change as little as possible
bull Add whatrsquos most valuable
bull Automate the processes
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Efficiency contrsquod
bull ldquobe more flexible helliprdquo ndash the Casalini case
bull Do it our wayHave it your wayndash 200 cost differencendash 80 agreement on what mattersndash But is it flexible enough
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
2 Enhance Access to HiddenCollections
bull Make the discovery of rare amp unique materials a high priority
bull Provide some level of access to all material rather than comprehensive access to some material and no access at all to other material
bull Encourage digitization to allow broad accessbull Share access to unique materials
ndash LC and flickr
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
4 Position our Community for the Future
bull Extending Beyond Library-Created Datandash Provide links to appropriate external data
bull Contents summaries reviews Google Books API
bull Integrate user-contributed datandash Balancing democracy and demography
bull More research into use of computationally derived data (holdings patterns usage hellip)
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
4 Position our Community for the Future (conrsquot)
bull Subject Analysis
ndash Controlled vocabularies are valuable
ndash Continue to use LC Subject Headings
bull Simplify the process
bull Get more benefit from results
ndash Recognize value and reality of multiple schemes use and connect them
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Putting it all together
bull Play well with othersbull How to describe them
ndash EAD DC MODS CCO VRA
bull People places and conceptsndash NACO ULAN VIAF LCSH AAT
bull Where theyrsquoll be foundndash Extended catalog WorldCat Aquifer and hellip
bull Google MSN Yahoo
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY
Finale
bull Principles for creation of surrogate records that have been developing over hundreds of years can be used to catalog (to metadate) anything
bull It is an exciting time to be a cataloger
bull GO FORTH AND CLASSIFY