THE IDEA AND MODERN PLANNING
Lewis Mumford
WARD AND CENTRE (diagram) Ebenezer Howard – Garden Cities of To-morrow 1902
LARGE FARMS
DAIRY FARMS
LIBRARY
THEATRE RAILWAY STATION
„O p e n planning is more salubrious than closed dongested.“
„from an economic standpoint there is ´Nothing Gained by Overcrowding´.“ – R. Unwin cooplanner of 1.Garden City
>> money wasted in duplicating unnecessary streets > garden robbing
GREENBELT
„Increase of population and wealth in our big centres had paradoxically resulted in DESTITUTION..“ > no city´s income was used for sanitation, maintainance and slum clearence
It „is not a suburb, but the antithesis of a suburb: not a more rural retreat, but a more integrated foundation for an effective urban life.“
Garden city is a „compact, rigorously confined urban grouping“ >> urban and rural patterns should g r o w together (indrustrial population + working base + residents + public space..)
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Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England, 1903 R.Unwin
DESIGNED AS A GARDEN CITY
LONDON
Letchworth
1902
The first Garden city, a small scale theory that was realised
Wekerle, Budapest, 1908-1925 József Fleischl
An „island“,, „small town in a city“
Wekerle plan, beginning of 20th century
Wekerle centering to a square with a large park in the middle, designed by Kós Károly.The square is surrounded by commercial and noncommercial functions.
The beginning of green in Wekerle – really young trees maintained till today
The characteristic shutters Various kinds of individual living in a functional community
Wekerle Maintainance Center
Cultural House
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System of leaves collection and other rubbish
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Tenemet House >
Řevnice, near Praha, Czech Republic, older than Christ
Mostly summer resort for
residents of Praha but its future
plans as garden city are :
keep the authentic character of
town and support the housing,
recreation and work posibilities
in the rare environment that has
to be kept
NOT DESIGNED AS A GARDEN CITY
PRAHA
Řevnice
Surrounded by greenbelt – hils and forest and agrictulture
Challenge to keep the authentic character of town Challenge to integrate patterns neccesary for long term living,
For residents with a demand for environment with a balanced
community