Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR ON “GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF TEMPERATE AND BOREAL
FOREST TREE SPECIES”
Luis Santos del BlancoEduardo Notivol PaínoJosé Mª Climent Maldonado
Bucharest, Romania 23-25 February 2010
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Research Institute F.P.U. Program AP-2007-03302
University of Valladolid
Recent and future climatic changes
Western mediterranean basin for the next
century:
3-4ºC increase in mean annual temperature
Up to 50% less rainfall in summer
In the present
Increased frecuency of large-scale fires
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
It is necessary to increase
forest resilience
Forest management
Tree breeding
Thompson, I., Mackey, B., McNulty, S., Mosseler, A. (2009).
Mediterranean pines Early successional stages life history traits Severe soil and climatic conditions main
characters in afforestation
Picture by E. buscardo et al., 2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Pinus halepensis Well adapted to dry and poor soils Adapted to crown fires (stand-replacing fires)
Serotinous cones Early (femenine) reproduction
Invasiveness Dispersal hability Early (femenine) reproduction
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Pinus halepensis
Low (neutral) genetic diversity within Iberian Peninsula
E-W historical colonization
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Distribution map of Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis EUFORGEN 2009
Pinus halepensis
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Differences in adaptive traits
Drought resistance (Voltas et al. 2007, Grivet et al. 2009)
Reproductive allocation (Climent et al. 2008)
Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction Principle of Allocation
If resources are limited, two or more processes compete for them
Negative correlation between investment in one process (allocation) respect to other/s costs
Allocation strategies are evolutionary meaningful (adaptive) and are linked with life history traits
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Previous works in conifer breeding 60’s – 80’s
Schmidtling, 1981 Silvae Genetica
Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
H. Gerhold, 1966
Previous works in conifer breeding 60’s – 80’s
Practical interest in mediterranean pines. Resilience
Schmidtling, 1981 Silvae Genetica
Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
H. Gerhold, 1966
Questions to answer
Is there intraspecific variability in Pinus halepensis in terms of reproductive allocation? (yes, Climent et al. 2008)
How can we explain those differences/ lack of differences (ecology/evolution)?
How can we use this information to increase forest resilience?
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
ValladolidProvenance-progeny
SaragossaProvenance-progeny
CastellónProvenance trial
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Looking for (genetically inherited) variation
Reproduction along development
I. Early stages: threshold size for reproduction
II. Secondary stages: reproductive allocation
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Threshold size for reproduction
Logistic regression Reproduction f (vol)
Repr
oduc
tion
prob
abilit
y
Volume
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Investment in cones / nutrient availability
RA= (CC0 + CC1) /
Volume
Reproductive allocation
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
volume
cone
cou
ntGenetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
volume
cone
cou
ntGenetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183
2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11
2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161
2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161Provenance # 303
2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183
2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11
2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161
2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Provenance # 183Provenance # 11Provenance # 161Provenance # 303
2009
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Cc = (48,0630+u)(0,1 Vob) e[-1,1479+v](0,1 xVob) Ratkovsky
Climent et al. 2008
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
Reproductive allocation
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
‘Classic tools’ for new perspectives
Quantitative genetics for new challenges (objectives)
Genetic variability & Adaptive potential
HEIGHT CONES/d2
Genetic correlations
Use for indirect selection predict correlated response
Develop selection indices to select for multiple traits sim.
Determine extend GxE to develop breeding strategies
Understand evolutionary process of traits
Conclusions There exist evolutionary constraints between
reproduction and growth For Aleppo pine, reproduction is more
adaptive than total growth Natural selection finely shapes reproductive
strategies
Local conditions Climatic clines Recent historical colonization
Gómez et al. 2005
Genetic variation for the onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation in Spanish Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)
BIO1 = Annual Mean TemperatureBIO2 = Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))BIO3 = Isothermality (P2/P7) (* 100)BIO4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)BIO5 = Max Temperature of Warmest MonthBIO6 = Min Temperature of Coldest MonthBIO7 = Temperature Annual Range (P5-P6)BIO8 = Mean Temperature of Wettest QuarterBIO9 = Mean Temperature of Driest QuarterBIO10 = Mean Temperature of Warmest QuarterBIO11 = Mean Temperature of Coldest QuarterBIO12 = Annual PrecipitationBIO13 = Precipitation of Wettest MonthBIO14 = Precipitation of Driest MonthBIO15 = Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)BIO16 = Precipitation of Wettest QuarterBIO17 = Precipitation of Driest QuarterBIO18 = Precipitation of Warmest QuarterBIO19 = Precipitation of Coldest Quarter
GIS
ESRI GridsSpatial AnalystNeighbourhood statistics25 Km radius
17
16
189
1014
15
3
17
18
1
3
9
6 1014
15
W O R L D C L I M : H i g h R e s o l u t i o n i n t e r p o l a t e ds u r f a c e s f o r g l o b a l l a n d a r e a s .H i j m a n s e t a l . ( 2 0 0 5 ) I n t l . J . C l i m a t o l 2 5 : 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 7 8
1 9 b i o c l i m a t i cv a r i a b l e s
G I S a n a l y s i sC o m p a r a b l e c l i m a t i cd a t a b e e t w e e np o p u l a t i o n s
Results
Very accurately fitting (error<3%) Population effect significant for t10, t90 & dur But not for c, b, m PCA 1&2 absorbed 90% variation, but not clear
grouping of populations (not very different?) CVa: Additive coefficient of variance as adaptive
potential index
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
17
9
6 15 18
10
1
14 3
Pinus halepensis Canonical Discriminant (c, b, m, t10, t90 & dur)
Multivariate analysis: Geographical grouping?
17
16
189
1014
15
3
17
18
13
96 10
14
15