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SuurikuusikkoAlternative Names: Rouravaara, Korkeakuusikko, Vuomajärvi, Keuvaara, Kittilä Gold Project, KittiläMineOccurence type: deposit
Commodity Rank Totalmeasure
Total production Total resource Importance
gold 1 259.5 t 30.95 t 228.55 t Large depositsilver 3 0.4 t 0.4 t 0 t Occurrence
Easting EUREF: 432458.921 Easting YKJ: 3432604Northing EUREF: 7532765.755 Northing YKJ: 7535913
Discovery year: 1986Discovered by: Geological Survey of FinlandProvince: Kittilä (Au, Cu)District: Suurikuusikko (Au)Comments: Visible gold detected in a recent roadcut 4 km SSW of the Suurikuusikko deposit duringregional gold exploration (by research assistant J. Valkama). This find and low-altitude airbornemagnetic and electromagnetic survey directed detailed work to the shear zone, at the flank of amajor fold, which also includes the Suurikuusikko area.
References: 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 57, 59, 64, 66,69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100
Mineral deposit type
Group:Metallogenic depositMain type: Orogenic (metamorphic hydrothermal)Comments: Clearly epigenetic, orogenic gold mineralisation with a distinct structural control, asderived from data in references. Possibly, the Na-rich epigenetic fluids, which caused the completealbitisation of the host rocks after the first major stage of deformation, also were the mineralisingfluids.References: 30, 31, 39, 46, 50, 52, 55
Dimension
Expression: exposed Area (ha): NAForm: discordant Dip azim: 270Shape: lensoidal Dip: 85Length (m): 4000 Plunge azim: 360Width (m): 40 Plunge dip: 45Thickness (m): NA Orientation method: NADepth (m): 2000Dimension comments: Several lodes, (open at depth): Ketola, Etelä, Main, C. Rouravaara, N.Rouravaara, Rimminvuoma, Sisar, Sisar Deep. The deposit is open at the depth of 2000 m. The Sisarand Sisar Deep zones are 50 to 300 m east of the Main zone.
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Holder history
Current holder: Agnico Eagle Finland OyYears: 2005Holding type:Mining concession (old law)
Previous holders:
Company Years Holding type CommentsRiddarhyttan Resources AB 1998-2005 Claim (old law) Mining concession in 2002Geological Survey of Finland 1986-1998 Claim (old law) NA
Figures
Claims and lodes of Suurikuusikko in 2006:
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The lodes of Suurikuusikko:
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EXPLORATION ACTIVITY
Agnico Eagle Finland Oy
Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2008 core drilling Jyrki Korteniemi mineral reserve defined 9, 11, 19, 20, 22
Diamond drilling at the mine site has been continuous. In 2019, drilling focused on extending the Main andSisar zones northward, southward and at depth in the Roura and Rimpi areas to increase the mineralreserves in the large orebody; in total, 94 holes were drilled in 2019 (41,510 m).IntersectionsHoleID RIE19-614From-To 296-304.3Length 8.3mComments Sisar CentralHoleID RIE19-702GFrom-To 1065.9-1093Length 27.1mgold 4.7ppmComments Sisar Deep, midpoint of the intercept is at 1751 m below surfaceHoleID RIE20-602From-To 38.1-61Length 22.9mgold 8.9ppmComments Main Rimpi underground drilling, midpoint of the intercept is at 991 m below
surfaceHoleID ROD19-701From-To 1077.7-1097Length 19.3mgold 13.8ppmComments Sisar DeepHoleID VUG19-516From-To 156-168Length 12mgold 7.3ppmComments Main Rimpi
Geological Survey of Finland
Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2007-2009 detailed
geochemistryA. Taivalkoski, P. Sarala NA 53
Surficial geological, till geochemical and heavy mineral studies in the Kittilä Mine; the transport distance oftill was estimated to be short in the bottommost till bed, while the upper beds are reflecting much longertransportation with no indication of underlying bedrock. The most suitable indicator elements besides ofgold itself are As, K, M nand Sb with the heavy minerals like arsenopyrite and pyrite.
Agnico Eagle Finland Oy
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Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref2006-2007 core drilling Jyrki Korteniemi NA 14, 15, 17, 26
Agnico-Eagle diamond drilling in 2006: 53 km, in 2007: 54 kmIntersectionsHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 15.1mgold 8.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 15.3mgold 4.7ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 22.3mgold 8.1ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 4.9mgold 5.5ppmComments EteläHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 27.7mgold 9.1ppmComments RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 9.3mgold 8.1ppmComments RimminvuomaHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12mgold 9.4ppmComments Rouravaara
Riddarhyttan Resources AB
Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref1998-2005 detailed geophysics L-G Ohlsson NA 28, 29, 44, 54, 55,
56, 57, 58, 59, 60,61, 62, 63, 65, 66,67, 68, 69, 70, 71
1998-2005 percussion drilling L-G Ohlsson NA 26, 66393 diamond-drill and RC holes, total 136 km.
1998-2005 core drilling L-G Ohlsson NA 26, 55, 57, 60, 62,63, 64, 65, 66, 69,71, 72, 73, 74, 77,78, 81, 82, 87, 89
393 diamond-drill and RC holes, total 136 km.IntersectionsHoleID NA
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From-To NALength 7.8mgold 11.8ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 9.4mgold 10.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 28.6mgold 11.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 36.7mgold 5.6ppmComments Central RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 13mgold 5ppmComments Central RouravaaraHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 7.4mgold 11.4ppmComments KetolaHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 63mgold 4.4ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12mgold 11ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 20.7mgold 7ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 14.6mgold 6.2ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 12.3mgold 8.6ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 8mgold 18.3ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NA
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Length 79mgold 8.4ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 46mgold 8.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 23mgold 10.2ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 18mgold 16.5ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 64mgold 5.9ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 20.4mgold 9.6ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 18mgold 8.8ppmComments Main depositHoleID NAFrom-To NALength 10.4mgold 8ppmComments Main deposit
Geological Survey of Finland
Years Activity type Geologist Exploration result Ref1987-1997 core drilling Ilkka Härkönen NA 29, 31, 43
1987-89 and 1995-97: 77 diamond-drill holes, total 9319 m, 300 m RC drilling
1986-1997 mining pilot Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
1986-1997 detailed geology Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
Visible gold detected in an outcrop 4 km SSW of the Suurikuusikko deposit during regional goldexploration.
1986-1997 detailed geophysics Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
The graphitic, sulphide-bearing, tuffites or phyllites, i.e. the host rock types, give the major responses onboth magnetic and electromagnetic methods. The Kiistala Shear Zone is indicted as a negative anomaly inmagnetic maps and, due to abundant graphite vein network, by very low values in resistance maps
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1986-1997 percussion drilling Ilkka Härkönen NA 29, 31, 43
1986-1997 detailedgeochemistry
Ilkka Härkönen NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
1979-1979 regional geophysics Ilkka Härkönen key geological features 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
Low-altitude airborne magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric survey; directed detailed work to theshear zone.
1973-1977 regionalgeochemistry
NA NA 27, 30, 31, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 40, 47
Regional geochemical till survey
Figures
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Gold content in bedrock surface samples:
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Drilling at Suurikuusikko:
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Drilling at Suurikuusikko:
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RESOURCES AND RESERVES
Most recent
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2019 31.12.2019 NI 43-101 10
Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 2895000 tgold 2.54 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 15022000 tgold 2.6 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 13447000 tgold 3.9 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 31966000 tgold 3.162 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2019 31.12.2019 NI 43-101 10
Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1444000 tgold 4.55 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27481000 tgold 4.4 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28925000 tgold 4.407 ppmCutoff: NA
Previous calculations
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:
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Resource Agnico Eagle FinlandOy
2018 31.12.2018 NI 43-101 8
Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1776000 tgold 2.62 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 17030000 tgold 2.65 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8252000 tgold 3.84 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.Category: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 27058000 tgold 3.011 ppmCutoff: goldComments: Open pit and underground separately reported in the reference.
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2018 31.12.2018 NI 43-101 8
Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 491000 tgold 4.12 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 30040000 tgold 4.5 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 30531000 tgold 4.494 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2017 31.12.2017 NI 43-101 7
Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1592000 tgold 2.59 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 18909000 tgold 3.12 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NA
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Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8992000 tgold 4.2 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 30095000 tgold 3.426 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2017 31.12.2017 JORC code 7
Comments: Mineral reserves are not a subset of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 971000 tgold 4.26 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 25894000 tgold 4.75 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 26865000 tgold 4.732 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2016 NA NI 43-101 6
Comments: 31.12.2016Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 1.607 Mtgold 2.45 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 18.885 Mtgold 2.95 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 229000 tgold 3.41 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 10.686 Mtgold 4.06 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 373000 tgold 3.89 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 31780000 tgold 3.312 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2016 NA NI 43-101 6
Comments: 31.12.2016Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.
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Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.148 Mtgold 4.19 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.907 Mtgold 4.65 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 30.055 Mtgold 4.64 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2015 NA NI 43-101 1
Comments: 31.12.2015Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 991000 tgold 2.58 ppmCutoff: NAComments: UndergroundCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 14.935 Mtgold 3.05 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + UndergroundCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 11.833 Mtgold 4.64 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 27.759 Mtgold 3.71 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2015 NA NI 43-101 1
Comments: 31.12.2015Mineral reserves are not a sub-set of mineral resources.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.059 Mtgold 4.28 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27.136 Mtgold 4.82 ppmCutoff: NAComments: Open pit + undergroundCategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.195 Mtgold 4.8 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2014 NA NI 43-101 5
Comments: Calculation date 31.12.2014
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Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 0.82 Mtgold 2.78 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 13.351 Mtgold 2.98 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8.892 Mtgold 4.3 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 23.063 Mtgold 3.482 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2014 NA NI 43-101 5
Comments: Calculation date 31.12.2014.Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 0.921 Mtgold 4.41 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 27.614 Mtgold 4.95 ppmCutoff: goldCategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 28.535 Mtgold 4.933 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2013 NA NI 43-101 3
Category: Measured mineral resourceTonnage: 0.511 Mtgold 2.69 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 10.519 Mtgold 2.79 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 7.522 Mtgold 4.12 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured, indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 18.552 Mtgold 3.327 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2013 NA NI 43-101 3
Category: Proved ore reservesTonnage: 1.104 Mtgold 4.27 ppmCutoff: NA
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Category: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 30.52 Mtgold 4.65 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 31.624 Mtgold 4.637 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2011 NA NI 43-101 21
Category: Indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 23.64 Mtgold 2.44 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2011 NA NI 43-101 21
Category: NATonnage: 32.73 Mtgold 4.63 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2009 NA NA 20
Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 17.6 Mtgold 4.4 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2009 NA NA 20
Category: Proved and probable ore reservesTonnage: 21.4 Mtgold 4.7 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2008 NA NA 19
Category: Inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 15.7 Mtgold 4.34 ppmCutoff: NACategory: Measured and indicated mineral resourceTonnage: 5.4 Mtgold 3 ppmCutoff: NA
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Reserve Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2008 NA NA 18
Category: Probable ore reservesTonnage: 18.2 Mtgold 5.1 ppmCutoff: NA
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Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Agnico Eagle Finland
Oy2006 NA NA 14
Category: NATonnage: 22.131 Mtgold 4.9 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB2005 NA NA 84
Category: NATonnage: 17.8 Mtgold 5.3 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppmCategory: NATonnage: 21.5 Mtgold 4.6 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppmComments: Alternative
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB2005 NA NA 90
Category: NATonnage: 24.3 Mtgold 4.75 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB2005 NA NA 85
Category: NATonnage: 17.2 Mtgold 5.1 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppmCategory: NATonnage: 19.7 Mtgold 4.6 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppmComments: Alternative
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB2002 NA NA 67, 69, 70
Category: Indicated and inferred mineral resourceTonnage: 8.3 Mtgold 6.1 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB2000 NA NA 62, 63
Category: NATonnage: 5 Mtgold 6.5 ppmCutoff: gold 2 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:
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Resource RiddarhyttanResources AB
1999 NA NA 59
Category: NATonnage: 3.52 Mtgold 7 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Riddarhyttan
Resources AB1998 NA NA 55
Category: NATonnage: 2.2 Mtgold 6.5 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Geological Survey of
Finland1997 NA NA 43, 47
Category: NATonnage: 1.5 Mtgold 5.9 ppmCutoff: gold 1 ppm
Type: Company: Year: Date: Calc Method: Reference:Resource Geological Survey of
Finland1992 NA NA 30
Category: NATonnage: 0.05 Mtgold 5.4 ppmCutoff: NA
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MINING
Kittilä
Alternative Names: SuurikuusikkoEasting EUREF: 432458.921Northing EUREF: 7532765.755Status: OperatingOperating years: 2006-2019Years in production: 14Total ore mined: 14817165 t
Total production:Product Product measuregold 30.95 tsilver 404.3 kg
Other materials:Material type Material measurewaste from mineral metalliferousexcavation
42180400 t
Mining activity:Year Ore mined Ore
processedActivity type Production Other material
2019 1760391 t 1591000 t underground mininggold 5788 kg waste from mineral
metalliferous excavation1497878 t
2018 1636867 t 1.83 Mt underground mininggold 188979 troy ozsilver 13000 troy oz
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation1587389 t
2017 1563612 t 1.69 Mt underground miningsilver 13000 troy ozgold 196938 troy oz
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation1093103 t
2016 1652974 t 1667000 t underground miningsilver 12000 troy ozgold 202508 troy oz
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation873968 t
2015 1484655 t 1464000 t underground mininggold 177374 troy ozsilver 11000 troy oz
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation646056 t
2014 1168993 t 1156400 t underground mininggold 4408.18 kgsilver 217.7 kg
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation324947 t
2013 1059819 t 934224 t underground mininggold 4553.69 kgsilver 186.6 kg
waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation376927 t
2012 1220061 t 1220061 t open-pit andunderground mining
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gold 5.47 t waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation2189803 t
2011 1030173 t 1030173 t open-pit andunderground mining
gold 4.47 t waste from mineralmetalliferous excavation6218708 t
2010 1131000 t 960365 t NAgold 3924.98 kg waste from mineral
metalliferous excavation9409288 t
2009 796620 t 563238 t open-pit mininggold 2234.16 kg waste from mineral
metalliferous excavation9478000 t
2008 312000 t 312000 t open-pit mininggold 96.97 kg waste from mineral
metalliferous excavation5477000 t
2007 0 t 0 t NAwaste from mineralmetalliferous excavation2235000 t
2006 0 t 0 t NAwaste from mineralmetalliferous excavation772333 t
Figures
The Kittilä mine in 2007:
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The test pit of Suurikuusikko in 2005:
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A 3D block model of thje planned open pit:
The planned open pit in 2007:
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An undeground mining model for the Main lode:
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GEOLOGYHost rock:Mafic volcanic rock, Banded ironstones, Intermediate graphite tuff, Porphyry, Tholeiiticbasalt, Felsic volcanic rock, Phyllite
Mafic volcanic rock (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:majorGrain size: Fine grained 0.2 - 1 mmColor: GreenishReferences: 23, 24, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 46, 48, 50, 51, 66, 92Comments: The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanicrocks, or these mafic lavas themselves. Seven main zones (areas). All of the main lodes consist of aset of parallel to en ecelon sublodes, and most of them are indicated to be interconnected, butgenerally there are three subparallel mineralised subzones in each area. Very thin (<<1 mm) graphiteveins and up to 1-2 cm wide albite-carbonate ± sulphide veins brecciate the host rock.
Ore minerals:Mineral Proportion Mineral textureArsenopyrite major
Most of the gold in the deposit is refractory in arsenopyrite.pyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates
Bismuth minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Bornite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Bournonite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Chalcocite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Chromite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Electrum minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Galena minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Gersdorffite minorpyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates
Gold minorChiefly associated with arsenopyrite. Most of the gold is invisible, inthe lattice of arsenopyrite and pyrite. Au-rich arsenopyrite andpyrite occur disseminated in microfractures, shear fabrics, andstylolitic features. Fineness; 45-85% Au, 1.5-54% Ag, 1-23.0% Hg
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Graphite minorAmorphic
Maldonite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Pyrite majorpyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristicand these commonly form larger aggregates. Pyrite containsrefractory gold, about 20 % of all gold in the deposit
Pyrrhotite minorPyrrhotite mostly occurs distal to the ore, seems to be replaced bypyrite during mineralisation. Minor ore minerals commonly occur asinclusions or intergrowths with the major ore minerals and quartz.
Rutile minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Sphalerite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Talnakhite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Tetrahedrite minorminor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowthswith the major ore minerals and quartz
Other minerals:Mineral Proportion Mineral textureAlbite presentAnkerite presentCalcite presentChlorite presentDolomite present Alteration productK-Feldspar presentMuscovite present Alteration productQuartz presentSericite presentSiderite presentTourmaline present Alteration productZircon present Alteration product
StructuresShearedComments: E-W contraction relatedto the D1 thrusting. This wasfollowed by a N-Sshortening event (D2), where mostof the strain was taken up by thenorthern and southern thrusts.Tectonic vectors thenswitched from N-S to NE-SW and, asa result, dextral strike-slip regime(D3) commenced along the KiSZ. Anear-orthogonal switch oftheregional stress regime to NW-SEflipped the kinematics of the KiSZfrom dextral to sinistral (D4). Thelast deformation phase (D5) under E-W contraction.Breccia
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Comments: The controllingstructure: The subvertical,compressional, Kiistala (orSuurikuusikko) Shear Zone, at least25 km long, dominantly N-Strending, turning into a NE directionat the Ketola Lode to the south ofknown deposit. Movement along theKiSZ during D3 has dominantly beendextral strike-slip.
TexturesMassiveGranoblastic
Alteration: Distribution: Degree: Relation to mineralization:carbonate alteration Pervasive Total NAComments: Ferrous dolomite in the ore, defines the proximal alteration. Calcite chracterises distal alteration and post-mineralisation veining.chloritic alteration NA Moderate NAComments: Formation of chlorite probably relates to distal alteration.sulphidation Pervasive Total NAalbitic alteration Pervasive Total PreComments: Albitisation seems to predate gold mineralisation throughout the hosting shear zone
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic;Metamorphic mineral assemblage; Albite-actinolite-epidote-chlorite-titanite ± quartz (in mafic rock), quartz ± carbonate,graphite, sulphides (in cherts), chlorite-tremolite-talc ± carbonate, augite, graphite (in metakomatiite)
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Comments: Mineralisation(?) at 1916±16 Ma (Re-Os age on auriferous arsenopyrite)
Banded ironstones (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Fine grained 0.2 - 1 mmColor: BlackReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised sulphide-facies iron formation host is an interbedbetween Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.
Structures
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Bedded
TexturesGranoblastic
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Intermediate graphite tuff (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Compact <0.2 mmColor: BlackReferences: 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.
StructuresBedded
TexturesGranoblastic
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Porphyry (Host rock)
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Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorReferences: 45Comments:Minor dykes in the Kiistala shear zone and surroundings
TexturesPorphyritic
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
1913-1921 1917 N
Comments: 1917±4 Ma (U-Pb age on zircon)
Tholeiitic basalt (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: NAColor: NAReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves. What has been mapped as'intermediate volcanic rock' probably is altered mafic volcanic rock ± minor volumes of porphyrydykes.
TexturesGranoblastic
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Felsic volcanic rock (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: NA
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Color: NAReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.
TexturesGranoblastic
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.
Geological age:
Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Comments: Indirect age information only
Phyllite (Host rock)
Rock type: Host rockProportion:minorGrain size: Compact <0.2 mmColor: BlackReferences: 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 48, 50, 66Comments: The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contactsbetween lithological units. The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves.
StructuresBedded
TexturesGranoblastic
Metamorphic description:
Type: Facies: Degree: Relation tomineralization:
Min P- Max P(kbar)
MIn T- Max T(°C)
Regional greenschistmetamorphic facies
low metamorphicgrade
NA
Comments: Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic.
Geological age:
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Geological era: Max age - Minage(Ma):
Inferred age (Ma): Age of mineralization:
Paleoproterozoic (2500-1600Ma)
2000-2100 N
Figures
The bedrock surface of the deposits:
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The bedrock surface of the deposits:
Simplified geological cross section of Suurikuusikko:
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Regional geology:
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3D view of the Main ore zone:
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High-grade ore in graphitic phyllite:
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The mode of occurrence of gold:
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A block model of the Main lode:
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Structure:
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Geological map of the test pit:
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Brecciated ore:
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Magnetic and electromagnetic images for the southern part of Suurikuusikko:
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A cross section of the Main zone:
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Longitudinal section of the eastern zone in the Main deposit:
Longitudinal section of the Ketola and The Etelä zone:
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Longitudinal section of the northern part:
Geological map of the test pit:
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Ground geophysics in Main Zone area:
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Gold content along a long section of the Main Lode:
A cross section of The Main zone with some gold contents:
A cross section of the Main zone:
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Longitudinal section of the western zone in the Main deposit:
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2. Agnico Eagle 2014. Management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2013.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_Agnico_Eagle_2013_MD&A.pdf
3. Agnico Eagle 2014. News release 12 February 2014.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_Agnico_Eagle_2014_02_12.pdf
4. Agnico Eagle 2015. Managements's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2014.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_AgnicoEagle_2014_MD&A.pdf
5. Agnico Eagle 2015. News release 11 February 2015.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_Agnico%20Eagle_Q4-2014.pdf
6. Agnico Eagle 2017. AGNICO EAGLE REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2016 RESULTS.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_AEM-Q4-and-Full-Year-2016-Results.pdf
7. Agnico Eagle 2018. Agnico Eagle reports fourth quarter and full year 2017 results.http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_Agnico058_2018_02_14_fourth_quarter_and_full_year_2017_results.pdf
8. Agnico Eagle 2019. Agnico Eagle publishes Q4 and full year 2018 resultshttp://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_2019_02_14_Agnico_Eagle_publishes_Q4_and_full_year_2018_results.pdf
9. Agnico Eagle 2019. Media release 23 Oct 2019http://tupa.gtk.fi/karttasovellus/mdae/references/386_Suurikuusikko/386_Agnico68_2019_10_23.pdf
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23. Aho, P. 2009. Malmimineraloginen ja geokemiallinen vaihtelu kahdella Suurikuusikonkultakaivosalueen tutkimusprofiililla. MSc thesis. University of Oulu. 91 p. (in Finnish)
24. Chernet, T., Kojonen, K. & Pakkanen, L. 2000. Applied mineralogical study on the near-surfaceSuurikuusikko refractory gold ore, Kittilä, western Finnish Lapland (Phase I). Geological Survey ofFinland, Report M 19/2743/2000/1/10. 22 p.http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m19_2743_2000_1_10.pdf
25. Eilu, P. & Weihed, P. 2005. Fennoscandian Shield - Orogenic gold deposits. Ore Geology Reviews27, 326-327.
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27. Härkönen, I. & Keinänen, V. 1989. Exploration of structurally controlled gold deposits in theCentral Lapland greenstone belt. Current Research 1988, Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper10, 79-82.http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/specialpaper/sp_010_pages_079_082.pdf
28. Härkönen, I., Kojonen, K. and Johanson, B. 1999. The Early Proterozoic Suurikuusikko refractorygold deposit, Kittillä, Western Finnish Lapland. In: C.J. Stanley et al. (eds) Mineral Deposits: Processesto Processing. Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial SGA Meeting and 10. IAGOD QuadrennialSymposium, London, 22-25.9.1999. 159-162.
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29. Härkönen, I., Kojonen, K. and Johanson, B. (1999) The Proterozoic Suurikuusikko refractory golddeposit in Kittillä, Western Finnish Lapland. In: N.J. Cook and K. Sundblad (eds) Precambrian gold inthe Fennoscandian and Ukrainian Shields and related areas. Gold ¿99 Trondheim, Norway, 4-6 May1999. Geol. Surv. Norway. Trondheim. 89-91.
30. Härkönen, I. 1992. Tutkimustyöselostus Kittilän kunnassa valtausalueella Suurikuusikko 1,kaiv.rek. n:o 4283/1 suoritetuista malmitutkimuksista. Geological Survey of Finland, ReportM06/2743/-92/1/10. 5 p. (in Finnish)http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/valtaus/m06_2743_92_1_10.pdf
31. Härkönen, I. 1997. Tutkimustyöselostus Kittilän kunnassa valtausalueilla Suurikuusikko 2 jaRouravaara 1-10 (kaivosrekisterinumerot 5965/1, 6160/1, 6288/1-6288/9) suoritetuistakultatutkimuksista vuosina 1987-1997. English summary: Gold exploration during 1987-1997 withinthe exploration claims Suurikuusikko 2 and Rouravaara 1-10 (Mine reg. nos. 5965/1, 6160/1, 6288/1-6288/9). Geological Survey of Finland, Report M 06/2743/97/1. 47 p.12.http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/valtaus/m06_2743_97_1_10.pdf
32. Hölttä, P. & Karhu, J. 2001. Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of carbonates in thealteration zones of orogenic gold deposits in central Finninsh Lapland. Geological Survey of FinlandSpecial Paper 31, 25-29.http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/specialpaper/sp_031_pages_025_029.pdf
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34. Kojonen, K. & Johanson, B. 1999. Determination of refractory gold distribution by microanalysis,diagnostic leaching and image analysis. Mineralogy and Petrology 67, 1-19.
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36. Kojonen, K., Johanson, B., Pakkanen, L. & Juvonen, R. 1996. Selostus Suurikuusikon Au-malmiaiheen syanidiliotuskokeista sekä mineralogisista tutkimuksista. Alustava raportti. GeologicalSurvey of Finland, Report M 41/2743/96/1a. 10 p. (in Finnish)http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m41_2743_96_1a.pdf
37. Kojonen, K., Johanson, B., Pakkanen, L. & Juvonen, R. 1997. Selostus Suurikuusikon Au-malminmineralogisista tutkimuksista ja syanidi- sekä diagnostisista liotuskokeista. English summary:Mineralogic investigations and on cyanide- and diagnostic-leach tests on the Suurikuusikko goldmineralisation. Geological Survey of Finland, Report M 41/2743/96/1. 74 p.http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m41_2743_96_1.pdf
38. Kontas, E. & Niskavaara, H. 1997. Raportti Suurikuusikon malmitutkimushankkeen kemiallisistaanalyyseistä. English summary: Chemical analyses made for the Suurikuusikko exploration project.Geological Survey of Finland, Report M 41.2/2743/97/1. 13 p.http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m41_2_2743_97_1.pdf
39. Lehtonen, M., Airo, M.-L., Eilu, P., Hanski, E., Kortelainen, V., Lanne, E., Manninen, T., Rastas, P.,Räsänen, J. & Virransalo, P. 1998. Kittilän vihreäkivialueen geologia: Lapin vulkaniittiprojektinraportti. Summary: The stratigraphy, petrology and geochemistry of the Kittilä greenstone area,northern Finland: a report of the Lapland Volcanite Project. Geological Survey of Finland, Report ofInvestigation 140. 144 p.http://tupa.gtk.fi/julkaisu/tutkimusraportti/tr_140.pdf
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40. Leppiniemi, J., Kalpudas, R., Laukkanen, J. & Heiskanen, K. 1997. Suurkuusikon malminrikastustutkimus. English summary: Beneficiation study of the Suurkuusikko ore. Geological Survey ofFinland, Report M 41.1/2743/97/2. 22 p.http://tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m41_1_2743_97_2.pdf
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54. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1998. Press release 21/04/1998. (in Swedish)
55. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1998. Press release 28/09/1998. (in Swedish)
56. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1999. Press release 12/04/1999. (in Swedish)
57. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1999. Press release 15/03/1999. (in Swedish)
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68. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2001, Press release 25/01/2001. (in Swedish)
69. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2002. Press release 07/03/2002.
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71. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2002. Press release 26/03/2002.
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73. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 11/08/2003.
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77. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 24/03/2003.
78. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 07/10/2004.
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