8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
1/47
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
2/47
Page 2
+ EUR 3 mio.• Financial sector
CARICOM-GIZ PROJECT PORTFOLIO IN THE FIELDOF ENERGY
26.06.2015
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018… …
SFF-CDBEUR 0,25 mio.
CREDP II04/2008-03/2016EUR 8,95 mio.
REETA07/2013-06/2017, EUR 5 mio.
• Regional strategy• Capacity building• Private sector• Model projects
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
3/47
Page 326/06/2015
Component 1
RegionalStrategy
(C-SERMS)
Objective:
Regional and national stakeholders in the field of Renewable Energy andEnergy Efficiency are increasingly able to meet the political, organizational
and technical challenges of a growing market in the Caribbean region
Component 2
CapacityBuilding
updated
REETA – OBJECTIVE & COMPONENTS
Component 3
Private Sector
Component 4
Model Projects
Component 5
FinancialSector
New!
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
4/47
Page 4
REGIONAL WASTE TO ENERY COLLABORATIVE
Actor, Donor, Development Partner,
StakeholderActivities
CARICOM ENERGY UNITHarmonization of political and regulatory
framework, coordination
GIZ REETA PROGRAMTechnical Assistance, development of bankable
projects
CCCCC and SIDSDOCK Project development and co-funding
OECS Regional framework setting
CLINTON FOUNDATIO N Project development and organizing financing
OTHERS Grants, technical assistance
Close cooperation and realistic approachesneeded!
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
5/47
Page 5
WASTE TO ENERGY
• Incineration: Controlled Burningof Waste
• Anaerobic Digestion: treatmentof the organic fraction of solid and
liquid wastes
• Secondary Fuels: Conditionedrecycled waste or recyclingresidues
• Origin of Wastes: households,
hotels & restaurants, markets,agro-industries (sugar, rice, etc.),breweries and distilleries, animalfarms (chicken, pig, etc.),slaughterhouses, vegetable andfruit farms, wastewater treatment
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
6/47
Page 6
CARICOM Organic and Plastic Waste Potentials
CARICOMStatus
Country Population
(last census)
Estimated averageWaste
(kg / Year)1.5 Kg/day per
person
Estimated Waste(Tonnes / Year)
OrganicWaste
(%)
PlasticWaste
(%)
OrganicWaste
(Tonnes / Year)
PlasticWaste
(Tonnes / Year)
Full
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA 91.295
49.984.013
49.984
50%
10%
24.992
4.998
Full
BAHAMAS(COMMONWEALTH OF)
321.834
176.204.115
176.204
50%
10%
88.102
17.620
Full
BARBADOS 277.821
152.106.998
152.107
50%
10%
76.053
15.211
Full
BELIZE 340.844 186.612.090 186.612 50% 10% 93.306 18.661
Full
DOMINICA(COMMONWEALTH OF)
72.337
39.604.508
39.605
50%
10%
19.802
3.960
Observer
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 9.445.281 5.171.291.348 5.171.291 50% 10% 2.585.646 517.129
Full
GRENADA 109.593 60.002.168 60.002 50% 10% 30.001 6.000
Full GUYANA 735.554 402.715.815 402.716 50% 10% 201.358 40.272
Full
HAITI 9.996.731
5.473.210.223
5.473.210
50%
10%
2.736.605
547.321
Full
JAMAICA 2.889.187 1.581.829.883 1.581.830 50% 10% 790.915 158.183
Full
MONTSERRAT 4.900 2.682.750 2.683 50% 10% 1.341 268
Full
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS 54.961
30.091.148
30.091
50%
10%
15.046
3.009
Full
SAINT LUCIA 173.765 95.136.338 95.136 50% 10% 47.568 9.514
Full
S AINT VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES
103.000
56.392.500
56.393
50%
10% 28.196 5.639
Full
SURINAME (REPUBLICOF)
566.846
310.348.185
310.348
50%
10%
155.174
31.035
Full
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 1.223.916 670.094.010 670.094 50% 10% 335.047 67.009
Source SIDS DOCK 2015: Waste estimation based on mid values from different Caribbean States. No scientific research, only assumptions which may wary accordingly in single countries.
Assumption: 1,5 kg Waste production per day per person. 50% is Organic Waste (Studies show between 40% to 60% and 10%-15% plastic waste).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobagohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Luciahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montserrathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belizehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbadoshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
7/47Page 7
CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
COUNTRY PROJECT TITLE
ESTIMATEDPROJECT
COST(USD)
FINANCINGREQUIRED
(USD)
ANTIGUA &BARBUDA
Integrated Bioenergy and Food Production: Theproject pre-feasibility has been completed for thisproject that would establish of approximately 500acres of grain sorghum on the island of Barbudathat would be used to produce broiler meat, and thewaste produced would be used to generate biogasfuel which would displace diesel for powergeneration.
5.400.000 5.400.000
BAHAMAS(COMMONWEALTH
OF)
Feasibility Study for the establishment of a SolidWaste-to-Energy Facility on New Providence: Theisland of New Providence generates in excess of1,000 tons, per day, of solid waste, dominated bypackaging material, enough raw material to exportin excess of 20MW of firm power to the grid from awaste-to-energy facility. The feasibility study willdetermine the best system to use and relative costbenefits to aid government decision making indeveloping a public/private partnership to
implement the project if proved feasible.
250.000 250.000
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
8/47Page 8
CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
BELIZE
Feasibility Study on Distributed Generation to GenerateBase Load Power for Grid Connection: Communitywaste-to-energy projects; Feasibility studies will identifysystems that are operational at the scale of 500-2000residences than can generate reliable base load powerfor grid connection.
30.000 30.000
BELIZE
Belize Biogas from Wastewater and Manure: TheGovernment of Belize and SIDSDOCK are developing ananaerobic digestion/biogas project at the waste waterfacility in San Pedro Ambergris Caye. The project willuse livestock manure. The developers plan to negotiate aPPA with Belize Water Services Limited (BWSL). Theproject will produce biogas for electricity, fertilizerresulting from the sludge by product for sale to local
farmers and carbon offsets for sale in the carbon market
3.000.000
BELIZE
Demonstration Project for a Low Energy Waste WaterTreatment System: The majority of small communities inisland states do not have waste water treatmentsystems. Alternative waste water system modular indesign that uses active biofilms for the decomposition oforganic matter, requiring significantly less energy inputthan the conventional sewage systems will bedemonstrated to provide evidence of feasibility,
comparative energy requirement and potentialcontribution to water resource availability as part ofclimate change adaptation
150.000 150.000
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
9/47Page 9
CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
DOMINICANREPUBLIC
Commercial demonstration project for sea water desalination --project is to provide potable water, using the waste heat from thepower plant as the primary energy source. Waste heat from powerplants is major non-utilized energy resources in the SIDS, andcould be used to improve availability of potable water, asprojection are for island states will be become increasingly freshwater stressed and will have to depend increasingly ondesalination and water harvesting, and recycling of waste water. 1.000.000
GRENADA
Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study: The mountainous topographyof the country presents major challengers for the collection anddisposal of solid waste. The current situation is resulting inpollution of the coastal area and deteriorating air quality forcommunities located in proximity to the facility. Current volumesof waste indicate feasibility for a 2-3 MW base load facility
55.000 55.000
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
10/47Page 10
CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)
INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
JAMAICA
Feasibility study for a waste to energy system for the production of aminimum of 30 MW from the Riverton City solid waste facility, whichhandles more than 1000 tons per day of mixed solid waste,comprised of solid waste collected from households, businesses,industry and from cleaning of streets and highways. The solid wastedisposal facility is located 2 miles for the major sewage treatmentwhich is being expanded to treat some 60 million gallons of wastewater per day. The feasibility study will determine the best option formaximizing the use of both resources for the production of base
load power to lessen dependence on diesel fuel
280.000
REGIONAL
Preparation of Feasibility Studies: Project involving TechnicalAssistance to Caribbean Governments to evaluate the potentialviability of waste-to-energy projects as an alternative to the ongoingsocial, environmental and financially costly disposal that is now thecase. Due to limited land availability, growing population andincreased importation of goods, many countries are facing problemswith the management of the various forms of waste, ranging frommunicipal, sewage, medical, to agro-industrial waste. In many cases,there is improper disposal of waste. The potential projects to beevaluated include:· Utilization of rum distillery waste
· Conversion of sewage· Conversion of municipal solid waste and other available biomassresources into energy. Projects identified as potentially feasibilitywill be developed through private-public partnerships and the fundsprovided would be refunded to support development of otherprojects
1.200.000
1.000.000
SAINT LUCIA Sewage Waste to Energy: Project is intended to produce fuel from acombination of sewage and biomass from markets and othersources to provide 1 MW of base load power and 3 MW of thermalheat for cooling of commercial buildings in downtown Castries
7.000.000
Pre-feasibility StudyOn- going
SAINT LUCIA
Solid Waste to Energy: the aim is to implement a project that
requires no subsidy from tipping fees to produce 10 MW base loadpower to the grid. From the waste at the Castries solid waste facility
25.000.000
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
11/47Page 11
CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
SAINT LUCIA
Waste Heat to Power Project: The base load of thecountry is 40 MW and based on waste heatrecovery system there is potential for a project torecover up to 4 MW of base load power.Prefeasibility has shown power from such aproject at US$0.21per kwh
21.000.000
SAINT VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES
Sewage and biomass property waste to Energy:The new Argyle International airport is beingestablished a low carbon facility. Energy forlighting and cooling will be provided 100 kw PVsystem, and other RE combination includingbiogas. Based on preliminary assessment therese is enough inlay materials carry the potentialto produce enough biogas for 0,5 MW electricity
for 8,300 operational hours per year.
3,000,000 TOR for
prefeasibility studybeing prepared
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
12/47Page 12
WASTE TO ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN THE
CARIBBEANCountry Key facts
Nevis Investor: US renewable energy firm Omni Alpha
Waste to energy (gasification) in combination with solar PV plant to provide
2250 MWh of electricity per year
Investment size: USD 20 million
Capacity: 25 t/day, 1 MW of electricityImplementation: 12 month implementation started in Q4 2014
Barbados Investor: UK based firm Cahill Energy
Investment size: Up to $240 million
Location: Vaucluse, St. Thomas.
Technology: plasma gasification
Capacity: up to 650 tons of solid waste per day providing 25% of Barbados’
energy needs
Anguilla Investor: Global Green Energy from US
Location: Corito Bay
Technology: Pyrolysis
Capacity: 20 t/day.
BVI Investor: Consutech Systems LLC
Technology: IncinerationCapacity: 1.7 MW of electricity
[
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
13/47Page 13
THE GRENADA CASE
• Municipal Solid Waste
• High-calorific effluents
• Wastewater
• Agricultural / AnimalWaste
• Plant Residues
• Slaughterhouse Waste
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
14/47Page 14
THE ENERGY SECTOR IN GRENADA
• Grenada has one of the highest electricity prices in the Caribbean andworldwide: 40 US Cents/kWh
• Main supply provided by diesel generators (175 GWh in 2013)
• Renewable Energy (RE) has high potential
• Long-term electricity monopoly hinders the promotion of RE
• Liquefied Gas is an important domestic and commercial energy source -4500 tons have been imported in 2010
• In 2014 average price for LPG is USD 16,67 for a 20 pound cylinder andUSD 82 for a 100 pound cylinder.
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
15/47Page 15
INSTALLED CAPACITY AND PEAK ENERGYDEMAND IN GRENADA
Grenlec Annual Report , 2013
25,5 25,9
23,825,7
27,929,4 30,5 30,8 30,3 30,2 29,2
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
2003 200420052006 2007200820092010 201120122013
P e a k D e m a n d ( M W )
0,3 MW Solar
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
16/47Page 16
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GRENADA
Waste Categories %
Organic Waste 27.1
Site cleaning waste 21.30
Plastics 16.4
Paper Cardboard 13.6
C&D 11.6
Glass 3.1
Metal 2.4
Textiles 2.3
Tires 0.90
Household Bulky Waste 0.70
Street sweeping waste 0.60
• 40 000 tons of domestic andcommercial waste/year
• Domestic waste has about 45 %organic fraction (27 % based ontotal waste)
• Landfill space is very limited,new developed cells will lastonly 7 years without recyclingconcept
• Incineration would prolonglandfill use to 25 years, but iseconomically not viable.
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
17/47Page 17
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
• Organic waste in landfills emits Methane over decades
• Landfill gas can be recovered/flared from engineered landfills
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste as a means of methane reduction
• Recycling can generate new raw material (e.g. PET, Aluminum) orsecondary fuels – reduction of fossil fuels
• Management of wood waste as fuel/secondary fuel
• Recycling prolongs the life span of existing landfills – improvedmanagement
• Incineration – waste as renewable energy source
• Climate adaptation by protecting water resources and enriching soilswith organic fertilizers from processed waste
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
18/47Page 18
INCINERATION AS AN OPTION FOR GRENADA
• Advantage with regard to volumereduction of waste and energyoutput 18 GWh/year
• High Investment Costs: 50 Mio.USD
• High O&M Costs
• 40 000 t/year is half of the viability
limit for such systems.• Increase of tipping fee, commercial
fees or high subsidy via energysector required
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
19/47Page 19
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT (NAWASA)
• Sewage system in St. Georges: fall out pipe at the stadium bridgewith an average flow of 130.000 gal/day (28,6 m3/ day or 10.451m3/year)
• Sewage system along Grand Anse: fall out pipe at Point Salines withan average flow of 660.000 gal/day (145 m3/day or 53.062 m3/year)
• Coarse grid as mechanical treatment/pump protection
• No large-scale treatment planned by NAWASA
• Non-sewered households have septic tanks
• Accumulated septage can be estimated at about 34.700 m3/year
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
20/47
Page 20
MECHANICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER
• Two-stage micro filtrationtechnology (6 - 0,1 mm)
• TSS reduction of 30-60 % and aCOD reduction of 10-30 % withminimal land requirements andreasonable costs
• Solid residues have high energycontent with regard to biogasproduction
• Improves water quality
• Provides input for biogas
• Fertilizer
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
21/47
Page 21
TYPICAL INPUT MATERIAL FOR ANAEROBICDIGESTION
• Animal manure
• Organic solid waste like food
residues, grass, domestic waste
• Processed biomass and wastewaterfrom agro-industries (e.g. distilleries,breweries, dairy side products)
• Slaughterhouse waste• Energy plants such as corn, sugar
cane, grass
• Sewerage sludge and blackwaterfrom septic tanks
SolidWaste
LiquidWaste
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
22/47
Page 22
BIOGAS GENERATION
• Anaerobic digestion is the microbiological breakdown of organicmaterials in the absence of oxygen
• Anaerobic digestion works under mesophilic (35-42 °C) as well asunder thermophilic (50-60°C) conditions
• Biogas contains between 50 and 70 % methane, depending on theinput material
• Biogas can be directly used as fuel or further upgraded to bio-methanewith a higher calorific value
• Rule of thumb: energy content of 1 m3 biogas (60 % methane) equalsabout 6 kWh or 0,6 liter domestic fuel oil
• Broad range of technologies available!
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
23/47
Page 23
SMALL-SCALE DIGESTERS
• High-tech material for low-techapplications
• Applicable for small animal farms
and agro-industries• Modular from 3 m3-100 m3 volume
• Direct use of gas for cooking andhot-water generation
• Except of the membrane tank, allmaterials locally available
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
24/47
Page 24
LARGE SCALE WET-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION• Animal and liquid wastes
• TS content 3 -15 % TS
• Pond Systems (various providers)
• widely spread in South Amerika
• No mixing required
• Basin Systems (various providers)
• typical for Europe
• Often equiped with agitators orpumps for mixing
• Retention time: 20-60 days
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
25/47
Page 25
DRY-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• Often used for presorted organicsolid waste
• TS content of 28 – 35 % -and doesnot require the addition of liquid
• Sizes vary, often modular systems
• GICON (Germany) garage type: no
mixing, low mechanisation• DRANCO (Germany) system works
with pulper and pump
• Retention time: 28-30 days
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
26/47
Page 26
MANAGEMENT OF DIGESTATE
• High in nutrients: reuse as liquidfertiliser
• Dewatering/Drying: Secondary
Fuel
• Aerobic Composting: Fertiliser
• Dewatering (if required): Landfillcover
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
27/47
Page 27
SCENARIOS FOR GRENADA
• Scenario 1
• Dry Digester for organic municipal waste
• Scenario 2
• „All-in-one“ – Organic solid waste and liquid wastes
• Scenario 3
• Effluent Treatment at Clarke‘s Court Distillery
• Scenario 4• „Agro-Solution“ – Slaughterhouse Mirabeaux, Animal Waste
• Scenario 5
• Decentralised small scale systems for animal farms
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
28/47
Page 28
SCENARIO 1: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
DIGESTIONHYDROPLAN
Assumptions
(2009)
GICON
Assessment
(2014)
Technology
applied
Wet-Thermophilic
SystemDry-Wet-Digester
Investment Costs 10,0 Mio USD 10,1 Mio XCD
Electrical energy
content of waste 260 kWhel /t 270 kWhel /t
Organic waste
fraction 35 % 35 %
Total annual
amount of
organic waste to
be treated
14,000 t 20,000 t
Annual electricity
generation 3.640.000 kWhel 5.400.000 kWhel
Sales price for
electricity to the
grid
0.18 USD/ kWhel 0.19 USD/ kWhel
Revenue from
Electricity to the
grid
650,000 USD 1,040,00 USD
• Centralised System
• Low investment costs
• Low energy yield (5.4 GWh)
• Static system
• Production of compost orsecondary fuel
• Investment costs of about 5
Mio. USD
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
29/47
Page 29
SCENARIO 2: „ALL IN ONE“ – CO-DIGESTION OFWASTE (WET)
Waste Type Total annual amount
(t)
TSS content
(%)
Solid waste + green waste 20000 45 Animal waste (400 pigs + 2000 broilers) 1040 30
Vinasse 6930 2
Slaughterhouse 626 3
Septage (50 %) 17350 10
Sums 45.946
• Mix of various solid and liquid wastes - Wet digestion
• Best energy yield (6.8 GWh/year)
• Transportation is a challenge
• Investment cost of about 8-10 Mio. USD
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
30/47
Page 30
SCENARIO 3: CLARKE´S COURT DISTILLERY
• High energy yield• Direct reuse as diesel substitute• Partly solves marine pollution problem• Investment: Estimate 0,6 Mio USD
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
31/47
Page 31
SCENARIO 4: MIRABEAU SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND
AGRICULTURAL WASTE
• Animal waste from pigs and chicken
• Slaughterhouse waste (and septage
from the northern part of the island)
• Electricity yield: 665 MWh/year
• Heat and electricity directly reusedat facility
• Digestate reuse as fertilizer• Investment: estimated 0.5 Mio. USD
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
32/47
Page 32
SCENARIO 5: DECENTRALIZED SMALL SCALESYSTEMS
• Small-scale farmers (e.g. 10 pigs)
• Direct use of gas as substitute forLPG in households and agro-
industries
• Water-shed appraoch – to protectwater sources
• 50 small scale farmers in Grenada,investments costs 75.000-100.000USD
• Payback 2-3 years
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
33/47
Page 33
SUMMARY OF WASTE TYPES AND ENERGY YIELD
Waste Type Unit Amount CH4 yield
specific
Total CH4 yield Total
Electricity
(kWh)
Total
Electricity
(MWh)
Solid waste+green waste tons 25000 74 1850000Animal Waste
Pigs animal places 1500 19 28500
Chicken animal places 4000 164 6560
Tot. Slaughterhouse Waste tons 650 140 91000
Vinasse (total) tons 8000 11 88000
Septage m3 34700 4 138800
Wastewater screenings tons n.n.
2.202.860 8.811.440 8.811
Anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy technology (biogasproduction) and mitigation technology (landfill gas avoidance) in one
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
34/47
Page 34
EVALUATION OF THE GRENADA CASEScenario Criteria
Criteria Scores: 1: low,
5 High
Economic feasibility
(investment/ operation
cost, financial
feasibility/ payback
period)
Environmental benefits
(energy yield/climate,
water resources,
pollution control, odor)
Technological
feasibility (complexity,
availability,
maintenance, etc.)
Strategic
attractiveness
(Private Sector
Involvement,
Nexus)
Final
Score/
Ranking
Scenario 1 a:
Municipal Solid Wastedry digestion
2 3 3 2 Score: 10
Rank: 5
Scenario 1 b:
Solid Waste
Incineration
1 4 1 2 Score: 7
Rank: 6
Scenario 2:
All-in-one Co-Digestion 3 3 3 2
Score: 11
Rank: 4
Scenario 3:
Anaerobic Digestion ofDistillery Effluent
4 4 4 5 Score: 17
Rank: 1
Scenario 4:
Co-digestion of
Slaughterhouse Waste
and Animal Waste
4 4 4 3 Score: 15
Rank: 3
Scenario 5:
Decentralized digestion
on livestock farms
4 4 4 4 Score: 16
Rank: 2
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
35/47
Page 35
CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY CONSUMPTION
175,8
100
18,010,2
5,4 3,16,8 3,90,3 0,20,7 0,40,2 0,10,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
140,0
160,0
180,0
200,0
GWh/ year %
GRENLEC Diesel (2013)
SW Incineration (HYDROPLAN)
Scenario 1 (SWM Biogas)
Scenario 2 (Biogas all in one)
Scenario 3 (Clarke's Court)
Scenario 4 (Biogas agro waste)
Scenario 5 (decentralised small scale)
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
36/47
Page 36
CLARKE`S COURT DISTILLERY DISTILLERY
• Clarke’s Court discharges about 127034 gal/ month (559 m3/ month) ofhighly polluted brine from the rum distillation process. (6707 m3/year)
• Effluent is highly biodegradable (sugars) and thus contains a significantenergy content.
• Temperature: approx. 70 °C
• BOD: 40000-50000 mg/l
• COD: 60000-80000 mg/l
• TSS: 12000-14000 mg/l
• Effluent causes massive odor development for downstream settlements
• Visible and measurable marine pollution problems in nearby mangrovesat woburn bay.
• Adverse effects on planned tourism projects in Woburn Bay
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
37/47
Page 37
CLARKE`S COURT DISTILLERY• A biogas plant is wastewater treatment as well as a source of thermal energy
generation for the distillation process.
• Biogas is used as supplement fuel for diesel boiler operation (steamproduction). It can replace costly diesel (5 USD/gal).
(Expected biogas output can vary depending on organic content – tests required)
• Conservative calculation for savings:
• 77 000 Nm3CH4/year (11 Nm3/tFM)
• Diesel equivalent: 84 700 liter Diesel/ year (approx. 18615 gal Diesel/year)
• Savings: 5 USD/gal x 18 615 gal/year = 94,000 USD)• Optimistic, but reality based calculation (based on other distillery):
• Diesel equivalent: 35 400 gal Diesel/year
• Savings: 5 USD/gal x 35 400 gal/year = 177,000 USD)
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
38/47
Page 38
REQUIRED INVESTMENTS
• Studies
• Baseline study (preliminary study and assessment available)
• Technical design study / bill of quantity/ tender&procuremementdocuments
• Equipment
• Biogas plant (either pond system or reactor system with agitator)
• Dewatering unit for biogas
• Adjustment/Upgrade of boiler burner to allow the combustion of biogas
• Optional: Aerobic trickling filter for post treatment of effluent (requiresdetailed studies)
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
39/47
Page 39
POND DIGESTER
• Pond covered with gas tight membrane• Membrane is biogas storage• Lower investment costs• Low operation cost
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
40/47
Page 40
REQUIRED INVESTMENTS
• Auxiliary Works
• Basic civil works for installation of digester and auxiliaries
• Rehabilitation/Adjustment of existing storage tank and burner
• Cost SUMMARY (still needs verification)
Estimated required investments US$
Baseline study 10.000
Design study and Bill of Quantity 25.000
Equipment (biogas plant) 500.000
Equipment (auxiliary devices) 120.000
Total 655.000
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
41/47
Page 41
DPP FINANCING CONCEPT• Annual O&M Cost: 3 % of investment, considering the current fuel prices,
pay-back of an investment is expected within 7 years
• A GIZ supported project (Development Partnership with the Private Sector – DPP, or Water Stewardship Project) could support a set up of new
energy contracting approach for distilleries and provides know-how foroperation of system
• Upfront investment by a consortium could be refinanced by energy savings
• Costs could be divided as follows:
• GIZ: up to 25 %, Private Partners: up to• Clarke’s Court distillery signs a refinancing contract with a DPP
investor consortium (e.g. Clarke’s Court, Clarke’s Court Marina,
Technology Provider), achieved energy savings are used as pay-back
to investor consortium
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
42/47
Page 42
DPP Management Concept
DPPContract
EnergySaving
Contract
• Technical design andbaseline study
• Support establishment of
consortium• Support contract
development&monitoring• Support part of procurement
and installation of biodigester
• Operation of system bytechnology provider incooperation with Clarke’s
Court distillery
• Training and Maintenance• Monitoring of biogas
generation and dieselreplacement
• Ensuring reliability forcontract period
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
43/47
Page 43
• Presentation of concept to Clarke’s Court Management → Commitment/ FinancialContribution
• Set-Up of Consortium Partners (potential: Clarke’s Court, Clarke’s Court MarinaInvestors, Technology Provider
• Potentially: Search for additional (commercial) investors, soft loans,…. • GIZ supports contract development (studies, contract documents) and will also have a
minor share in the investment costs• Clarke’s Court and consortium approve concept and project – go into contractnegotiation
NEXT STEPS
Proceeding simultaneously
DPP Contract betweenGIZ and private
companies signed
MoA between Private
Investors, GIZ andTechnology Providercompanies signed
(roles, responsibilities,etc.)
Energy Contracting
contract to be signedbetween Private
Investors andTechnology Provider
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
44/47
Page 44
TechnologyProvider
x % of InvestmentTechnology
Training
Private
Investors (e.g.CCD/ CCM)y % Investment
Land
GIZ (DPP)Supports contractdevelopment andtender process,
logisticsz % of Investment
Investment: Anaerobic Digestion + Sandfilter
Solar Pre-Heating System for Boiler
Systems operation by Technology Provider
EnergySavings
Energy savings used to pay back
upfront investment
P H A S E 1 o f E n e r g y S
a v i n g C o n t r a c t
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
45/47
Page 45
TechnologyProvider
Maintenancecontract ??
PrivateInvestorsOperation &
Maintenance (?)
Investment: Anaerobic Digestion + Sandfilter
Solar Pre-Heating System for Boiler
Systems operation by ??
EnergySavings
After payback all energy savingsremain at Clarke‘s Court (and other
investors?)
Pays Technology Provider forMaintenance/ Services
P H A S E 2 o
f E n e r g y S a v i n g C o n t r a c t
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
46/47
Page 46
CONCLUSIONS FOR THE GRENADA CASE AND IN
GENERAL FOR THE CARIBBEAN
• Biogas can cover a fraction of the energy demand (in Grenada:max: 6-8 % of total demand)
• Anaerobic digestion is lower in investment costs and less complex with
regard to O&M• Under current framework: small-scale system with a direct reuse
potential of the gas are preferable (distilleries, slaughterhouses)
• Solid waste could be co-digested with other wastes in order to increasethe gas potential
• Large-scale systems are attractive even for BOT contracts, if a higherfeed-in tariff for electricity can be negotiated
• Digestate has a high reuse potential (compost or secondary fuel)
• Production of energy plants for anaerobic digestion - new market?
8/20/2019 GIZ: Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative
47/47
CONFERENCE ON WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE
CARIBBEAN, NOVEMBER 17-20, 2015 IN GRENEDA:
Toward the Development of Caribbean RegionalOrganic Waste Management Sector
The workshop will be organized in partnership with:• CARICOM Secretariat;• Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ-REETA
Program);• Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) and SIDS
DOCK;
• Caribbean Development Bank (CDB);• United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO);• Swedish Energy Agency (SEA);• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO);• Clinton Foundation Climate Initiative (CCI).
Thank you for your attention!