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Page 1: Globalization Fish Quotas

Fishing – Fishing – TheThe Global ProblemGlobal Problem

UNYP 2007 TEAM: Lior, Eliska, MartinUNYP 2007 TEAM: Lior, Eliska, Martin

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contentcontent• introductionintroduction• the environmental problemthe environmental problem• the economic problemthe economic problem• the political issuethe political issue• about fishing quotasabout fishing quotas• available solutionsavailable solutions• summarysummary

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the environmental problemthe environmental problem• overfishing (heavy exploit of fish stocks)overfishing (heavy exploit of fish stocks)• impact of human activitiesimpact of human activities

– damage of ocean bottomdamage of ocean bottom– wasteful processing facilitieswasteful processing facilities– oil spillsoil spills– destruction of mangrove swamps and estuariesdestruction of mangrove swamps and estuaries– industrial air pollutionindustrial air pollution– production of nutrientsproduction of nutrients– pesticides and other materials that run off the pesticides and other materials that run off the

land and pollute the oceansland and pollute the oceans

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fishing death zones – USAfishing death zones – USA

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overfishing: the ecological overfishing: the ecological impactimpact

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the economic problemthe economic problem• "Too many vessels chasing too few fish""Too many vessels chasing too few fish"• fishing industry is overcapitalizedfishing industry is overcapitalized• fishing industry total revenue US$ 54 fishing industry total revenue US$ 54

billion annuallybillion annually• non-selective fishing equipmentnon-selective fishing equipment• "by-catch", currently estimated at 27 "by-catch", currently estimated at 27

million tones annuallymillion tones annually

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collapse of fisheries ?collapse of fisheries ?• ICTSD - The International Centre for ICTSD - The International Centre for

Trade and Sustainable DevelopmentTrade and Sustainable Development• Rights-based ManagementRights-based Management• distant-water fishing fleetsdistant-water fishing fleets

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the political issuethe political issue• unemploymentunemployment• industry lossesindustry losses• high social and economic costhigh social and economic cost• legal bindingslegal bindings• international international

agreementagreement• EU and UN talksEU and UN talks

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EU fishing quotasEU fishing quotas• conserve and sustainably conserve and sustainably

manage fish stocks manage fish stocks • regulationsregulations• EU fishing rights vs. free EU fishing rights vs. free

fishing rightsfishing rights• back investment into fish back investment into fish

stocks, research and stocks, research and developing new developing new opportunitiesopportunities

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UN agreementUN agreementUN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982

The Agreement on High Seas FishingThe Agreement on High Seas Fishing

• Establishes the basis for the sustainable management and Establishes the basis for the sustainable management and conservation of the world's fisheries;conservation of the world's fisheries;

• Addresses the problem of inadequate data on fish stocks;Addresses the problem of inadequate data on fish stocks;• Provides for the establishment of quotas;Provides for the establishment of quotas;• Calls for the setting up of regional fishing organizations where none Calls for the setting up of regional fishing organizations where none

exist;exist;• Tackles problems caused by the persistence of unauthorized Tackles problems caused by the persistence of unauthorized

fishing;fishing;• Sets out procedures for ensuring compliance with its provisions, Sets out procedures for ensuring compliance with its provisions,

including the right to board and inspect vessels belonging to other including the right to board and inspect vessels belonging to other States; andStates; and

• Prescribes options for the compulsory and binding peaceful Prescribes options for the compulsory and binding peaceful settlement of disputes between States.settlement of disputes between States.

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summarysummary• ecological, economical and political issueecological, economical and political issue• difficulties to implement rights-based difficulties to implement rights-based

managementmanagement• global cases global cases • sustainable natural resources sustainable natural resources

managementmanagement• FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible

FisheriesFisheries

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industry responsibilityindustry responsibility1.1. sustainable resource harvesting sustainable resource harvesting

practicespractices2.2. maintaining environmental integritymaintaining environmental integrity3.3. research into the fisheries and research into the fisheries and

associated speciesassociated species4.4. effective surveillance and compliance, effective surveillance and compliance,

andand5.5. sharing the costs of management.sharing the costs of management.

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fish vocabularyfish vocabularyherring herring lobsterlobster

edible brown edible brown crabcrab tuna tuna

oyster oyster cuttlefiscuttlefish h

pink shrimppink shrimp salmonsalmon

octopus octopus scallopscallop

cold water cold water prawnprawn winklewinkle

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Thank YouThank Youfor your attentionfor your attention

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Q & AQ & A

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sourcessources• http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/projects/tehttp://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/projects/te

dcross/xfish1.htmdcross/xfish1.htm• http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/sustdev/fishery.htmhttp://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/sustdev/fishery.htm• http://www.feed24.com/go/36961487http://www.feed24.com/go/36961487• http://www.oxfam.org.nz/imgs/pdf/oxfam%20nz%20fisheriehttp://www.oxfam.org.nz/imgs/pdf/oxfam%20nz%20fisherie

s%20final%2019%20oct.pdfs%20final%2019%20oct.pdf• http://www.fishingnews.co.uk/heighway/home.htm?site=fnhttp://www.fishingnews.co.uk/heighway/home.htm?site=fn

ww• http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,4823004-http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,4823004-

105193,00.html105193,00.html• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4116887.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4116887.stm• http://www.ictsd.org/biores/04-12-20/story2.htmhttp://www.ictsd.org/biores/04-12-20/story2.htm• http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X7579E/x7579e0b.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X7579E/x7579e0b.htm• http://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/forage/herring.htmhttp://wdfw.wa.gov/fish/forage/herring.htm• http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/indicator3.htmhttp://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/indicator3.htm

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How to Catch a FishHow to Catch a Fish• DredgingDredging

– Scallops, clams, oysters and other shellfish that Scallops, clams, oysters and other shellfish that live on the seafloor or burrow into mud or sand.live on the seafloor or burrow into mud or sand.

• HarpooningHarpooning– Open ocean swimmers--large, pelagic predators Open ocean swimmers--large, pelagic predators

such as bluefin tuna and swordfish.such as bluefin tuna and swordfish.• Hook and LiningHook and Lining

– A variety of fish, ranging from open ocean A variety of fish, ranging from open ocean swimmers, like tuna and mahi mahi, to bottom swimmers, like tuna and mahi mahi, to bottom dwellers, like cod.dwellers, like cod.

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How to Catch a FishHow to Catch a Fish• LongliningLonglining

– Different species at different depths. Pelagic Different species at different depths. Pelagic longliners hang their hooks near the sea surface to longliners hang their hooks near the sea surface to catch open ocean fish, such as tuna and swordfish. catch open ocean fish, such as tuna and swordfish. Demersal—or “bottom”—longliners float their Demersal—or “bottom”—longliners float their hooks just off the seafloor to catch fish that live on hooks just off the seafloor to catch fish that live on or near the bottom, such as cod or halibut.or near the bottom, such as cod or halibut.

• Purse SeiningPurse Seining– Primarily schooling fish, such as sardines, or fish Primarily schooling fish, such as sardines, or fish

that gather to spawn, like squid. The most popular that gather to spawn, like squid. The most popular fish caught by purse seines are tuna used for fish caught by purse seines are tuna used for canning.canning.

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How to Catch a FishHow to Catch a Fish• Traps and PotsTraps and Pots

– Traps and pots catch bottom-dwellers, such as Traps and pots catch bottom-dwellers, such as lobsters, crabs and shrimp. They're also used to lobsters, crabs and shrimp. They're also used to catch bottom-dwelling fish, such as sablefish or catch bottom-dwelling fish, such as sablefish or Pacific rockfish.Pacific rockfish.

• Trawling/DraggingTrawling/Dragging– Different animals at different depths. Midwater Different animals at different depths. Midwater

trawlers catch faster-swimming schooling fish such trawlers catch faster-swimming schooling fish such as sardines. Bottom trawlers catch fish that live on as sardines. Bottom trawlers catch fish that live on or near the seafloor, such as cod, flounder and or near the seafloor, such as cod, flounder and shrimp.shrimp.

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How to Catch a FishHow to Catch a Fish• TrollingTrolling

– Trollers catch fish that will follow a Trollers catch fish that will follow a moving lure or bait Trollers catch fish moving lure or bait Trollers catch fish that will follow a moving lure or bait, that will follow a moving lure or bait, such as salmon, mahi mahi and albacore such as salmon, mahi mahi and albacore tuna.tuna.

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