Roberto Soares
Got a Good Gut - Roberto Soares 1
Got a Good Gut?
Roberto Soares, DVM, MSc., ACPV
Ceva Poultry Technical Services Manager
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Got a Good Gut?
1 day old broiler- Pasty Cloaca
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Got a Good Gut?
7 days old – Pasty Cloaca
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Got a Good Gut?
14 days old broiler – Sticky dropping
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Got a Good Gut?
35 days old broiler – Sticky dropping
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Got a Good Gut?
Undigested corn
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Got a Good Gut?
Orange color mucus
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Got a Good Gut?
Cecal dropping
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Glucose &lactose
Prompt deadcollection
Coccidiosis
NE
Low pH
Acidifiedlitter
Dietary organic acids
Starch
α-toxin
High waterintake
Microbial infections
Poorventilation
Leaky drinkers
Wet litter
Highstocking
Fibrousdiet
Diet change
Whole wheat
Litter eating
CIA, IBD, MD
Maize
Improveddigestibility
Fish meal
Glycine &methionine
Animal protein
Clostridium perfringens Trypsin
Vaccines
Vitamin A
Gutdamage
Immunosuppression
Bacterialcontamination
Sucrose&fructose
High K
High Na
Wheat
Oocysticides
Synthetic anticoccidials
Ionophore anticoccidials
High viscosity
High crude protein
Intussusception
Gutstasis
Vermin
Villous atrophy
Proteinleakage
Enzymes
Rye & barley
High Zn
CEPs &Lactobacillus
AGPs
Early feeding
High pH
Non-maize cereals
Drugresistance
Se andvitamin E
Low moisture capacity
Lowabsorption
(R.B. Williams 2005)
High Dietary Saturated Fat
Factors Affecting Gut Health
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Factors Affecting Gut Health
Management
Nutrition
Infectious Agents• e.g. Coccidiosis, NE
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Nutrition
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Red Jungle FowlThe Ancestor of All Chickens
Chickens are OMNIVORES(eat plants and animals)
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2017
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Digestibility %
• Vegetarian feed was 3,4% less digestible
24% Non digestible carbohydrates in SBM10% More SBM in the Vegetarian feed
Vegetarian Diets
{
Source: Dr. Vieira, UFRGS
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• Each bird on Vegetarian diets excreted an extra 330 grams• 18.000 birds = 5.940 kg extra
Amount of Excreta, g/bird
Vegetarian Diets
Source: Dr. Vieira, UFRGS
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• Each bird consumed an extra 429 ml of water• 18.000 birds = 7.722 liters
Water Intake
Vegetarian Diets
Source: Dr. Vieira, UFRGS
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Anaerob ColoniesAverage of 3 Studies (x 107)
Basal FeedsBarley Corn Corn + 4,5% Pectin
1 – 4 days 750 4,3 1.1021 – 7 days 782 4,1 837
• TGI with proliferation of butiric acid producing bacteria and gas suggestive of Clostridium
Wagner e Thomas, 1978
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Gaseous Excreta
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Necrotic Enteritis
- Hatchery (Chick Quality)
- Brooding - Ventilation
Management
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Chick Quality
Kawalilak, L. T., et al; 2010 Poultry Science 89 :82–87
navel buttons
residual yolk sac
decreased intestinal villi growth
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Gut Development – First 14 days
Gastrointestinal tract grows 4X faster than the BW during the 1st
2 wks of life
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Intestinal Tract Development
Gastrointestinal TractRapid increase in the weight and length
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Gut Development - First 14 days
Fragile EcosystemCommunity of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa
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Gut Development – First 14 days
Gastrointestinal tract grows 4X faster than the BW during the 1st
2 wks of life
The maximum development of villi in the duodenum occurs at four days of age
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0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ilium
Villus Development – Surface area
Days
Source: Dr. Collet
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Health & Performance
0250500750
100012501500175020002250250027503000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43
Wei
gh
t (g
r)
Age (Days)
Good Gut Heath vs Poor Gut Health
Good Gut Health Poor Gut Health
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Stimulation of early feeding
Bigot, K; et al, 2003 Poultry Science 82:781–788
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Effect of feeding time on Eimeria Shedding
Prince, K.R. et al., Vet. Parasitol. 2015
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Crop fill
24hrs: > 95% of the crops should be full
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Management – Ventilation
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Litter Moisture
Coccidiosis
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Coccidiosis“man made disease”
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Coccidiosis
No cocci problem – Ingestion of small amount of oocyst every day Build up strong immunity
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1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3nd Cycle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Eimeria Life-Cycle
Increase in Immunity with repeated recycling
7 d7 d
7 d
E. acervulina = 400.000E. maxima = 72.000E. tenella = 58.000
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Management
Restricted brooding Area
0.5 Sq. ft. per bird for 11 days post-vaccination(litter moisture 25-35%)
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• Uniformly deliver of small amount of oocyst is critical for a good Intestinal health
Cocci Vaccines
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Vaccination
1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3nd Cycle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Recycling(re-infection)
Increase in Immunity with repeated recycling
7 d7 d
7 d
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1st Cycle 2nd Cycle 3nd Cycle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Vaccination and Life-Cycle
7 d7 d
7 d
Too high initial doses
Cocci or NE outbreak
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Take Home Message
Gut Health is fundamental to maximise performance and bird’s welfare
Management, Nutrition and Cocci control play a major role in the gut health
Coccidiosis Vaccination is a safe and efficacious but is fundamental:
- Uniform vaccination
- Manage Sporulation and Re-infection
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Gut Health“Chicken Walking a tightrope”
Health
Nutrition
Management
Environment
http://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/chicken-walking-a-tightrope-