Mobile Backhaul using GPON
Luke GohSnr Project Systems Engineer
May 2010
Mobile Backhaul Trends
• Base stations deployments increasing
• Greater backhaul needs (more Mbps) per base station
Annual Voice minutes growing > 5% /year
Data users growing (>20% ARPU by 2011)
• Backhaul pricing pressure
15% of OPEX growing to 25%
• Mixed IP and TDM traffic
ODN – Centralized vs Cascade
• GPON uses optical power splitting to reduce the distribution cable at the ODN
• ODN (Optical Distribution Network) based on centralized splitting that serves well for FTTH typical application may not be suitable for Mobile backhauling application
Optical Splitter
ONU #1
ONU #2
OLT
GPON
F1 Feeder Cable
ONU #3
Centralized ODN
Optical Splitter
ONU #1
ONU #2
OLT
GPON
F1 Feeder Cable
ONU #3
Cascade ODN
3GPP Rel 4 and 5
Signaling & Traffic
3GPP Release 4
SGSN
FA
FWGGSN
Public
Internet
Private
InternetFA
AAA
Serve
r
HA
Packet-Switched Core (IP)
RNC
RNC
Node
B
Node
B
UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network)
BSC
BSC
BTS
BTS
BSS (GSM, GPRS)
PCU
Release 4 Goals:- Separate user data from signaling- Allow subrate transport through wireless network
ATM
Traffic
Signaling
Media
Gateway
HLRVLR
PSTN
MSC
Server
Media
Gateway
GMSC
ServerSGW
ATM
ATM or IP
PCM
ISUP over IP
ISUP over PCM
ATM
13 kbps
64 kbps
Megaco H.248 Megaco H.248
MAPMAP
RTP
Old MSC, Now
Softswitch
3GPP Release 5 – All IP
Media
Gateway
VLR
MSC
Server
Media
Gateway
GMSC
Server
ATM or IPMegaco H.248
Megaco H.248
RTP
IP Backbone
HSS = Home Subscriber Service= HLR + AuC + “SIP stuff”
IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS)
HSSBGCF
MGCF
CSCF
SIP
SGW
SGW
Traffic
Signaling
SIP Client
GGSN
R
RR RR
Node B RNC SGSN
PSTN
Internet
ISUP over PCM
Legacy
NetworkISUP over
PCM
GPON E1 TDM circuit emulation
ONT w 8 x E1 TDM
ONT w 8xE1 TDM
FSB-16 Indoor/Outdoor
SplitterGPON w 32 x E1 TDM
OLT
Node B
Node B
RNC
E1 TDM
E1 TDM
E1 TDM
E1 TDM
● GPON supports E1 TDM circuit emulation as it is ATM based
● Enable GPON to support GSM Rel 99 or 3GPP Rel 4 which has both
E1 ATM and Ethernet for PSU
● E1 TDM circuit emulations are typically SATOP (Structured Agnostic TDM Over IP)
or CESoIP (Circuit Emulation over IP)
GPON Specifics
GPON G 984.2 Burst-Mode Timing
Rela
tive r
eceiv
ed o
ptical pow
er
ONU #1 ONU #2ONU #3
Guard Time Guard Time
Guard Time between consecutive burst avoids packet collision i.e. 25.6 ns
Optical Splitter
ONU #1
ONU #2
OLT
GPON
F1 Feeder Cable
ONU #3
Typical data pattern received in conventional deployment
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Effect of large distance variations of ONU
at OLT
Rela
tive r
eceiv
ed o
ptical pow
er
Nearby
ONU #1
Intermediate
ONU #2Distant ONU #3
Guard Time Guard Time
Up to 15 dB
Optical Signal Pattern Levels that may arrive at an OLT
Optical Splitter
Nearby ONU #1
Intermediate ONU #2
OLT
GPON
F1 Feeder Cable Distant ONU #3
Large distance variations of ONU result in different signal power loss at the OLT
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON G 984.2 ONU Power Level Modes
• G 984.2 defines ONU power control of the laser
transmit with 3 power level modes
• Mode 1 – normal mode
• Mode 2 – 3 dB lower than Mode 1
• Mode 3 – 6 dB lower than Mode 2
Rela
tive r
eceiv
ed o
ptical pow
er
Nearby
ONU #1
Intermediate
ONU #2Distant ONU #3
Guard Time Guard Time
Up to 15 dB
Optical Signal Pattern Levels that may arrive at an OLT
Reduce by 3-6dB
with power control
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON Distributed Topologies
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split
1x4
1x8
1x8
1x8
OLT
1x8
GPON
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4
7 Node B
OLT
GPON1x4
1x4
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2
5 Node B
OLT
GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2
GPON
OLT
1x4
1x2
14 Node B
1x4
1x2 1x2
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split
OLT
GPON
11 Node B
1x41x8
How far can they go?
Splitter insertion & fiber optic loss
• Fiber Loss Table
Wavelength Loss/km (dB) Loss/mi (dB) Band
– 1550 nm 0.25 0.40 C
– 1490 nm 0.28 0.48 S
– 1310 nm 0.40 0.64 O
(NOTE: Wavelengths used in BPON, EPON, & GPON.)
• Connector Loss Table
Type Loss (dB) Fusion Splice Loss (dB)
– SC/APC <0.20 – 0.25 0.2 ((± 0.05dB)
Connector & fusion splicing loss
FSB-16 Indoor/Outdoor
Fiber Splitter Box
Fusion Splice Tray
Fusion Splice Tray
OSP from RNC OSP to Node B
pigtails
pigtails
FSB-16 has 2xsplicings (2x0.2 = 0.4dB)
with 2 connector pairs (2x0.5 = 1.0 dB)
Total: 1.4dB
≈ 2.0 dB
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split
1x4
1x8
1x8
1x8
OLT
1x8
GPON
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split
Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+10.3+2.0)
= 6.50 dB - 3 dB margin
= 3.50 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 8.75 km
1x4
1x8
1x8
OLT
1x8
GPON
1x8
28 dB link budget Splitter -7.2dB
Splitter -10.3dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -10.3dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4
7 Node B
OLT
GPON1x4
1x4
Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+7.2+2.0)
= 9.6dB – 3 dB margin
= 6.6 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 16.5 km
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB
OLT
GPON1x4 1x4
28 dB link budgetSplitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dBSplitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2
5 Node B
OLT
GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2
Max link budget possible = 28-(3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0+3.7+2.0)
= 5.2dB – 3 dB margin
= 2.2 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 5.5 km
OLT
GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2Splitter -3.7dB
28 dB link budgetFSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -3.7dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2
GPON
OLT
1x4
1x2
14 Node B
1x4
1x2 1x2
Max link budget possible = 28-(7.2+2.0+7.2+2.0+3.7+2.0)
= 3.9 dB – 3 dB margin
= 0.9 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 2.25 km
OLT
GPON
1x4
1x21x2
1x4
1x2
28 dB link budget
Splitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -3.7dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Splitter -3.7dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB
1x2
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2 split
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split
OLT
GPON
11 Node B
1x41x8
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 10 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split
Max link budget possible = 28-(10.3+2.0+7.2+2.0)
= 6.5 dB – 3 dB margin
= 3.5 dB/0.4 @1310nm
= 8.75 km
OLT
GPON
1x4
Max attenuation between
RED and BLUE ONU
should not exceed 15 dB
28 dB link budget
Splitter -7.2dB
1x8Splitter -7.2dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
FSB-16 -2.0 dB
How much Up Stream bandwidth?
Fan-out Star Topology for 32 Node B
1x4 star to 1x8 split – US bandwidth
1x4
1x8
1x8
1x8
OLT
1x8
GPON
US-32Mbps
US-1 Gbps
US-32Mbps
Linear Topology for 7 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 - US Bandwidth
7 Node B
OLT
GPON1x4
1x4US-1 Gbps
US-256 Mbps
US-256 Mbps
US-256 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
Linear Topology for 5 Node B
1x2 to 1x2 - US Bandwidth
5 Node B
OLT
GPON 1x2 1x2 1x2 1x2US-1 Gbps US-256 Mbps
US-512 Mbps
US-128 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
US-64 Mbps
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 14 Node B
1x4 to 1x4 to 1x2 split – US bandwidth
GPON
OLT
1x4
1x2
14 Node B
1x4
1x2 1x2
US-1 Gbps
US-128 Mbps
US-128 Mbps
US-128 Mbps
US-32 Mbps
US-32 MbpsUS-32 Mbps
Asymmetrical Linear Star for 11 Node B
1x8 to 1x4 split – US bandwidth
OLT
GPON
11 Node B
1x41x8
US-128 Mbps
US-128 Mbps
US-32 Mbps
US-32 Mbps
US-32 Mbps
GPON Network Protection
GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
BPON G 983.1/5
Optical Splitter
E/O
E/O
Electrical●●●
E/O
E/O
E/O
E/O
Electrical
Electrical
ONT
ONTType C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT)
50 ms switch-over
50 ms switch-over
50 ms switch-over
Optical Splitter
●●●
E/O
E/O
ElectricalFeeder Cable
Feeder Cable
Electrical
Electrical
ONU
ONUType B (Duplicate OLT)
Frame loss switch-over
Frame loss switch-over
Frame loss switch-over
Optical Splitter
●●●E/O
Electrical Main Feeder Cable
Spare Feeder Cable
Electrical
Electrical
ONU
ONUType A (Spare Feeder Fiber)
ONU re-range switch-over
ONU re-range switch-over
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type A – Spare Feeder Fiber
Optical Splitter
●●●E/O
Electrical Main Feeder Cable
Spare Feeder Cable
Electrical
Electrical
ONU
ONUType A (Spare Feeder Fiber)
ONU re-range switch-over
ONU re-range switch-over
Plug and Play 2x16, 2x32 Splitter
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type B – Duplicate OLT
Optical Splitter
●●●
E/O
E/O
ElectricalFeeder Cable
Feeder Cable
Electrical
Electrical
ONU
ONUType B (Duplicate OLT)
Frame loss switch-over
Frame loss switch-over
Frame loss switch-over
Plug and Play 2x16, 2x32 Splitter
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
GPON G 984.1 Network Protection Schemes
Type C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT)
Optical Splitter
E/O
E/O
Electrical●●●
E/O
E/O
E/O
E/O
Electrical
Electrical
ONT
ONTType C (Duplicate OLT, Redundant ONT)
50 ms switch-over
50 ms switch-over
50 ms switch-over
Plug and Play 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32 Splitter
FTTX Concepts and Applications, Gerd Keiser, Wiley
Fiber To The Home, The New Empowerment, Paul Green Jr, Wiley
Implications of Network Protection
• Using G.684.1 Type A and B means limiting choice of ODN to 2x16 and 2x32 splitters
– 2x16 & 2x32 has higher insertion loss
• G.684.1 Type C not economical for mass deployment
• Network protection is considered for high profile events coverage.
• Do nothing, handset will automatically hand-over to nearest base station when the active base station drops out due to GPON outage
ADC Product Portfolio
Mobile Backhaul using GPON
FSB–16 Indoor/Outdoor EnclosureFeatures and Benefits
• Rated for indoor or outdoor use
• Traditional Swing Frame Designallows for Access to the Back Section of the Wall Box
• Splitter can be Easily Installed After Wall Box Install
• Standard 12 Fiber Splice TrayAllows for Input Splicing Option
• Output Pigtails can either be Stored Internally or routed Externally for MDU-ONT connection
• 16 Adapter Capacity Provides Flexibility
FSB–72 Outdoor EnclosureFeatures and Benefits
• Traditional Swing Frame Design allows for Access to the Back Section of the Wall Box
• Splitters can be Easily Installed After Wall Box Install
• Standard 12 Fiber Splice TrayAllows for Input Splicing Option
• Accommodates up to 3 PNP splittermodules
• Utilizes sliding pack technology
• Up to 72 live port capacity with 32 parking spaces
• Easily wall mounts to buildings
• Accepts standard PNP splitter (same as FDH 3000)
Easy “Snap-In”
Requiring No Tools
2mm RBR Pigtail Outputs
SC/APC Connectorized
Input Pigtail
Parking Spots for
all Spare Ports
Protected module for
outstand plant use
Plug & Play (PnP) splitter modules
Thank you!