Green Communications –Management Included
IEEE ICC 2009
Workshop on Green Communications
Dresden, Germany – June 2009
Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman
Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)
Green Network Operations and Management
From
NOMS 2008 - Salvador, BRAZIL - April 2008
“Outrageous Opinion” Session
and Management
Dr. Douglas N. Zuckerman
Telcordia Technologies (Ret.)
World Class Global Drivers
� It is cool to save the planet
� Current protocols are energy intensive –not cool
Other industries are “going green” (e.g., � Other industries are “going green” (e.g., transportation, lodging, utilities) – why not NOM?
� Network Management can make a difference
3
We need a Green Protocol� Selection criteria
� Reduce carbon footprint by at least 10%
� Backwards compatible with CMIP, SNMP and all other protocols
� Freely available via open source (e.g., “back of truck” and “off the shelf”)
� Two main contenders� SIPP – Simple Integrated Protocol of Protocols
� SLURP – Simple Logical Ubiquitous Reconfigurable Protocol
4
SIPP vs. SLURP
Uses refined “sipping tea” paradigm
Uses powerful “slurping soup” paradigm
Offers “protocol of protocols”
Offers quasi-infinite set of “reconfigurable” protocols
“Simple” is in the name “Simple” and “Logical” are in “Simple” is in the name “Simple” and “Logical” are in the name
Batteries not included Batteries included
SIPP available 12/7 (e.g., as at Starbucks) – with COFF-ee
SLURP available 24/7 (e.g., as at 7-11) - stand alone as SLURP-ee
5
Next Steps
� SIPP vs. SLURP is our generation’s SNMP vs. CMIP
� IM 2009 (at least) must prepare to catalyze the Green ProtocolGreen Protocol� Include Technology Centers for SIPP & SLURP
� Invite key SIPP & SLURP experts to actively participate
� Plan for double number of attendees
� Encourage incredible SDOs to get involved in standardizing the Green Protocol
6
Conclusion
� The NOMS/IM community can help save the planet by creating a Green Protocol
� SIPP and SLURP hold the most promise for our generation (and those to come…)for our generation (and those to come…)
� This could be the biggest – and most audacious – undertaking to hit NM since “CMIP vs. SNMP”
� Are we up to it?
7
Disclaimer
The views are solely that of the author and have not had any peer (or even non-peer) review. Real protocols were not used, and any resemblance or relationship to such any resemblance or relationship to such was purely coincidental and unintentional. Live animals were not used. Do not try at home.
8
[End of NOMS 2008 Presentation]
Industry Activities in Energy Efficient Networking
� Have started to see entities such as the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) considering energy efficient networking
� The following slides were originally presented at an OIF meeting by its president (Hans-Martin Foisel)
9Source: Optical Internetworking Forum
Motivation #1
� With the broadband initiatives of multiple carriers around the world the power consumption in telecommunication increases significantly
� Power consumption and the related heat dissipation will become more and more a critical factor of
� Communication networks� Communication networks
� IT facilities
� Data centers
� High performance network elements
� Efficient power design enable
� OPEX reductions
� Increase of performance/reliability
10
Motivation #2
Estimated distribution of global CO2 emissions from ICTs
Source: Source: Kumar, Rakesh and Mieritz, Lars (2007) “Conceptualizing “Green IT” and data
centre power and cooling issues”, Gartner Research Paper No. G00150322
11
Motivation #3
Magic formula to convince end customers
115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..)115 watts (Sleep mode, standby,..)
x 24 hours x 365 days
= 1000 Kwatt-hour (1 Mwatt-hour)
x € 0.10 = € 100
Source: ETSI Green Agenda
12
LCA: Life Cycle Assessment
FabricationTransports
Office & manufacturing sites
Business travel
Use phaseProducts energy consumption
Offices & stores
Vehicle fleet
Raw materials &
chemicalsManufacturing & office
sites
Transports
End of lifeCollection /
treatment
Recycling of metals
Landfill
Resource depletion
Source: Ericsson
13
Application/
Content Server
Home
NetworkAccess
Access Network
Core NetworkAggregation
Holistic Approach for Power Saving Opportunities for ICT in the Use Phase
Power efficient end devi-
ces with significant lower
power consumption;
intelligent sleep mode
(fast wake up); reduction
of functions in the end
device, shifting functions
into the network ���� Thin
Clients
Power adaptive access
network; guarantees
always basic communi-
cations; adaptive power
control of components
based on communication
requirements; power
efficient architecture and
technology
High sharing ratio of pro-
fessional servers; power
management of servers
based on usage; off-
loading end devices from
application/graphical pro-
cessing and content sto-
rage; optimized content
allocation among servers
Energy reduction
solutions e.g. Power
management based on
usage, e.g. day – night
profiles, usage profiles
Content Server
End devices
Source: Piet Demeester
14
Power Consumption Reduction in Access Networks
AccessNetworkReference
Office
First Mile
ADSL2/2+
APLNT Cabinet
WirelineAccess NetworkTechnologies
AccessNetworkReference
Office
First Mile
ADSL2/2+
APLNT Cabinet
WirelineAccess NetworkTechnologies
FTTCab+ VDSL
ADSL2/2+
FTTB + VDSL
FTTH
xDSL Optical
FTTCab+ VDSL
ADSL2/2+
FTTB + VDSL
FTTH
xDSL Optical
Source: Christoph Lange et al., OFCNFOEC 2008, paper JWA105
15
Energy Efficient Networking #1EU Standby Initiative:
�Code of Conduct for Data Centers
�Code of Conduct for Digital TV Services
�Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment
�Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies
�Code of Conduct on AC Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)
�For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative.htm
16
Energy Efficient Networking #2Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment, Draft Version 3, Issue 11 – 23 June 2008, issued by the European Commission, JRC, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Renewable Energies Unit
�Total European consumption of up to 50 TWh per year can be estimated for the year 2015
�With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity �With the implementation of this Code of Conduct the (max) electricity consumption could be limited to 25 TWh per year, this is equivalent to total saving of about € 7.5 Billions per year
�Code of Conduct covers customer premises (CPE, ONT) and network (xDSL, OLT) equipment and sets targets for 2009..11
�For more information please see: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_broadband%20communication.htm
17
Energy Efficient Networking #3
Europe: Energy Efficiency Through ICT
First focus on three areas:
�Power grid
�Lighting
�BuildingsEC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create EC will encourage the ICT industry to cut its own emissions and create products and services that can benefit the E.U.'s environmental footprint
� Without widespread action, the E.U.'s energy use is expected to rise 25 percent by 2012
�For more information please see: http://www.climatebiz.com/news/2008/05/14/european-union-promote-ict-energy-efficiency
18
Energy Efficient Networking #4Energy Star Initiative:
ENERGY STAR is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy aiming at saving money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices
� Results are already adding up. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid ENERGY STAR, saved enough energy in 2007 alone to avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 27 million cars — all while saving $16 billion on their utility bills
� Setup of programs for private homes and businesses
� Setup a cooperation with EC Standby Initiative
� For more information please see: http://www.energystar.gov/
19
Energy Efficiency and
Standardization Bodies
Energy Efficiency and Standardization Bodies
Energy efficiency is a topic which can be found at every international standardization level, e.g.:
� ISO, IEC
� ITU-T � ITU-T
� ETSI
� IEEE
� ATIS
Source: http://www.leonardo-energy.org/drupal/standards-ETSI_ITUT
21
ITU-TITU Symposia on ICTs and Climate Change �Kyoto, Japan, 15-16 April 2008, MIC�London, UK, 17-18 June 2008, BT �For more information please see: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/index.html
ITU-T SG15, Power saving tutorials, Feb 13-15, 2008; Strategic issues for ITU-T:for ITU-T:
�Assessment of existing and new ITU-T Rec. in the light of climate change
� Identifying requirements for further ICT standardization work and gaps in current portfolio of Rec.
�Setting target for reductions of greenhouse gases that can be achieved by using ICTs, incl. through implementation of ITU-T Recs.
Source: ITU-T and Climate Change,
Dr Tim Kelly, Head, Standardization
Policy Division (ITU-T)
22
IEEEEnergy Efficient Ethernet - IEEE P802.3az objectives� Define a mechanism to reduce power consumption during periods of low
link utilization for the following PHYs� 100BASE-TX (Full Duplex)� 1000BASE-T (Full Duplex)� 10GBASE-T� 10GBASE-KR� 10GBASE-KX410GBASE-KX4
� Define a protocol to coordinate transitions to or from a lower level of power consumption
� The link status should not change as a result of the transition� No frames in transit shall be dropped or corrupted during the transition to
and from the lower level of power consumption� The transition time to and from the lower level of power consumption
should be transparent to upper layer protocols and applications� Any new twisted-pair and/or backplane PHY for EEE shall include legacy
compatible auto negotiation
23
IEEE: Energy Efficient Ethernet Roadmap
For more information please see: http://www.ieee802.org/3/az/index.html
24
ETSI� ETSI Green Agenda is one of the ETSI strategic topics for 2008� ETSI will implement the ISO 14001:2004 and 14004:2004 standards
� ISO 14001 - The Environmental Management Standards� ETSI Environmental Engineering (EE)
� 'DTR/EE-00002 Work Item‘ TR 102 530, reduction of energy consumption in telecommunications equipment and related infrastructure
� 'DTR/EE-00004' Work Item; TR 102 532, use of alternative energy sources in telecommunication installationsDTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB � DTS/EE-00005' Work Item ; TS 102 533, Energy consumption in BB Telecom Network Equipment
� 'DTS/EE-00006' Work Item, Environmental consideration for equipment installed in outdoor location
� ETSI Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM)� 'DTR/ATTM-06002' Work Item: Power Optimization for xDSL
transceivers� For more information please see: www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/0F/T060F0000090032PDFE.pdf
Source: ETSI Green Agenda, Bernard Dugerdil
25
ATIS: NIPPNetwork Interface, Power, and Protection Committee� ATIS starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008
� “Green” activities are focused in NIPP; specific standards activities:
� Power consumption reduction through energy efficiency improvements. Goal: Produce a document or suite of documents that may be used by Service Providers to assess the true energy needs of telecom equipment
� Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic � Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment (RoHS):
� Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Modules
� Pb-Free Acceptance Criteria for Pb-Free Assemblies
� Accelerated Pb-Free Robustness Check
� Reducing power consumption for DSL modems. Investigating methods to reduce power consumption for DSL modems at both the network and customer ends of the line
� For more information please see: http://www.atis.org/0050/index.asp
26
TIA:Green Initiative� EIA starts a “Green Initiative” beginning 2008 –
EIATRACK
� Highlights include:� Key product compliance issues such as Take-back, Batteries, Restricted
Substances, Design for Environment and Packaging
� More than 1,500 pieces of legislation tracked from proposal through implementationimplementation
� Coverage in all major regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, North America and South America
� Accurate, up-to-date content provided by a wide range of internationally-based legal and technical subject-matter experts.
� WEEE and RoHS expertise in Europe and other jurisdictions
� For more information please see: http://tiaonline.org/environment/
27
Positioning attempt of the OIF in the Energy Efficient Network Activity Area
� “Green” strategy of the OIF� Scan the OIF IAs with respect to the EEN aspects
� ASON/GMPLS control plane � increasing network efficiency �increasing its energy efficiency; supports capability to chose the most energy efficient network layer for transporting data; most energy efficient network layer for transporting data;
� PLL: Energy efficient 40GE/100GE interface aspects, e.g. comparison of multi-lane and serial interfaces, optical and electrical interfaces, … � support and work on the most EEN solutions
� MA&E activity
� Others?
28
PROMPT – Next Generation Internet to
Reduce Global Warming
�Research on router, optical, W/W-less and
distributed computing architectures,
applications, grids, clouds, Web services,
virtualization, dematerialization, remote
instrumentation and sensors, etc.
�Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost
Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud
�Share infrastructure & maximize lower cost
power by “following wind & sun” networks.
Sources: GENI and Inocybe
27
Possible research areas
> Dynamic all optical networks with solar or wind powered optical repeaters
> Wireless mesh ad-hoc networks with mini-solar panels at nodes
> New shortest energy path Internet architectures with servers, computers and storage collocated at remote renewable energy sites such as hydro dams, windmill farms, etc
> Topology and architecture issues to stretch the network and move routers and switches from major intersections
> New routing and resiliency architectures for wired and wireless networks for massively disruptive topology changes due to setting sun or waning winds that power routers and servers
> New stats and measurement analysis of bits per carbon (bpc) utilization, optimized “carbon” routing tables, etc
Source: OFC/NFOEC 2009 presentation by Bill St. Arnaud
Cool Example: Switch Communications
� “SuperNAP” compound will house servers and storage systems owned by many prominent companies in huge computing compound
� Specifics� 407,000 square feet407,000 square feet
� 150 MVA Switch owned substation
� 84 MVA of UPS supply
� 30,000 tons of system plus system cooling
� 4,5000,000 CFM
� 30 cooling towers
� 1,500 watts per sq. ft. density
� 7,000+ cabinetsRef: www.switchnap.com and http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/05/24/switch_supernap/
31
� Connects enterprises to major carriers in Las Vegas hub at greatly reduced costs
Switch Communications: Connectivity
AT&T
VerizonVerizon
Qwest
Cox
Time-
Warner
etc
Zero mile, on-net, diverse, national fiber backbone gateways.
Lit services including DWDM, GigE, MPLS, POS, ATM, & Frame Relay.
32
� Will use more power than three mega-casinos – to get power from Hoover Dam and California power plants
� For more efficient cooling will use T-SCIF (Thermal Separate Compartment in a Facility) – no raised floors
Switch Communications: Cooling Systems
Colocation and energy efficient techniques reduce
costs while being green
33
Greening the Management
� Use “green” data center best practices for hardware and networking configurations� Optimize cooling requirements
� Minimize “Management Control Network” requirements
� “Power down” when not in use“Power down” when not in use
� Develop more efficient protocols� Optimize interactions with managed systems
� Simplify interactions
� Consider power requirements for “remote vs. central” functionality� Self healing networks may reduce truck rolls and save power
� Will emerging “control plane” networks save power?
34
Managing the Green
� Telecom industry has over 25 years experience with OSS-based network operations and management
� Managing “network elements” (load balancing, reservation scheduling, work force management, etc.) can be generalizedcan be generalized
� Use OSS approach to manage� Home networks and appliances
� Power use determined by sensor networks (e.g., “smart grid”)
� Facilitate more time efficient and cost effective telecommuting� Trade off smaller facilities and less travel vs. more power while
telecommuting
35
Conclusion
� The communications industry has the knowledge, experience and resources to enable a green world -> How can IEEE Communications Society “energize” research, development and deployment of green enablers?
� Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or Standards will to continue evolve -> Will these help or hinder?
� Fundamental architecture transformations can have profound impact -> Will “greenness” be a major driver or incidental to other drivers (e.g., increasing ROI)?
36