Antarctic Circ le

80°

60°

40°

Ufa

Leon

Agra

Zibo

Wuxi

Lima

Suva

Dili

Cali

Kano Aden

Sana

Pune

Doha

Xian

Baku

Rome

Lyon

Kiev

Omsk

Perm

Oslo

Nome

UlsanKaraj

Surat

Taian

LinyiTaegu

Seoul

Pusan

Perth

Natal

Belem

Quito

MedanAccra

Lagos

Davao

Dakar

HanoiMecca

DhakaAswan

Dubai PatnaMiami

TampaDelhi

LhasaCairo

WuhanAmman

Rabat KabulOsaka

KyotoTokyo

JinanTunis Adana

Bursa

Jilin

TurinMilan Odesa

ParisLille

Minsk

Kazan

Thule

Putian

Fuyang

Suzhou

YantaiAthens

Samara

Noumea

Taipei

Multan

Meerut

Indore

XuzhouSuzhou

Ningbo

Anadyr

Jeddah

Baotou

Tehran

Vienna

Bogota

Sofiya

Hobart

Sydney

Durban

Maseru

Maputo

HarareCairns

La PazCuiaba Lusaka

Darwin

Maceio

LuandaRecife

ManausKigali

Douala Bangui

KumasiIbadan

Panama

Kaduna

Bamako MadrasNiameyManila

Asmara

Puebla BombayToluca

Merida Nagpur

KhulnaHavana MuscatRiyadh

Murzuq FuzhouKanpur

Jaipur

KuwaitShiraz

Austin Lahore

DallasBeirut

Aleppo Taejon

TabrizSendaiLisbon

DalianDenver

AnkaraMadrid

Naples

BostonAlmaty

Urumqi

Ottawa HarbinQuebec

MunichPrague

London WarsawBerlin

Dublin

Moscow

Juneau

Huainan

Torreon

Tijuana

Dhanbad Asansol

Wenzhou

Shantou

Huludao

Kwangju

Ushuaia

RosarioCordoba

Vitoria

Goiania

Honiara

Bandung

JakartaKananga

Iquitos

Nairobi

Kampala

Yaounde

CayenneAbidjan

Colombo

Conakry

MaduraiMaracay CaracasManagua

Bangkok

Rangoon

Nanning

KarachiKunming

GuiyangThimphu

Tindouf

Houston Chengdu

NanjingEsfahanTripoli Baghdad

Phoenix FukuokaAtlanta

MemphisLanzhou Qingdao

MashhadAlgiers Inch`on

TaiyuanSmyrana Tianjin

BeijingYerevanChicago

DetroitSapporoToronto

Halifax

Seattle

Kharkiv

Calgary

IrkutskHamburg

Magadan

Yakutsk

Godthab

Norilsk

Makassar

Vadodara

Ludhiana

Jabalpur

Dongguan

Campinas

Kinshasa

Monrovia

Brussels

AucklandCanberra

AdelaideSantiago

Brisbane

PretoriaCuritiba

AsuncionGaborone

Windhoek

Brasilia

LilongweSalvador

Surabaja

Medellin

San Jose Valencia

Ndjamena

KhartoumTimbuktu

Belmopan

San Juan

Haiphong

Honolulu Calcutta

Varanasi

Changsha Nanchang

Hangzhou

AmritsarBenghazi

Damascus PeshawarSrinagar

San Jose

AshgabatDushanbe

Columbus New York

Istanbul TashkentT'Bilisi Shenyang

BelgradePortland Montreal

Budapest

Winnipeg

Edmonton

Helsinki

Murmansk

Changzhou

Las Vegas

Faridabad

Allahabad

Zaozhuang

Hong Kong

Goose Bay

Stockholm

Anchorage

Reykjavik

Jerusalem

Singapore

Melbourne

Cape Town

Sao Paulo

Fortaleza PalembangGuayaquil

KisanganiMogadishu

Maracaibo

BangaloreGuatemala

HyderabadVientiane

Ahmadabad GuangzhouT'aichungAbu DhabiMonterrey

KathmanduChongqing

San Diego

HiroshimaZhengzhouAl Mawsil

St. Louis PyongyangBaltimoreBarcelonaCleveland

Milwaukee Marseille

ChangchunBucharest

Astrakhan

VolgogradVancouver

Rotterdam

Churchill

Gujranwala

Vijayawada

Jamshedpur

Coimbatore

Aurangabad

Libreville

Nouakchott

Copenhagen

Montevideo

Lubumbashi

ParamariboBenin City

Georgetown

Phnom Penh

Chittagong Kaoshsiung

Alexandria Faisalabad

CasablancaRawalpindi

SacramentoCincinnati

Pittsburgh

Providence

Khabarovsk

Birmingham

Arkangelsk

Antofagasta

Livingstone

Brazzaville

Bucaramanga

Addis Ababa

Ouagadougou

Tegucigalpa

Mexico City

Guadalajara

Tamanrasset

San Antonio New Orleans

Los Angeles

Kansas City

Vladivostok

Minneapolis

Ulaanbaatar

NovosibirskChelyabinsk

Buenos Aires

Port Moresby

Christchurch

Porto Alegre

Johannesburg

Antananarivo

Kuala Lumpur

Barquisimeto

Barranquilla

San Salvador

Shijiazhuang

IndianapolisPhiladelphia

Ekaterinburg

Ciudad Juarez

Alice Springs

Dar es Salaam

Santo Domingo

Tel Aviv-Yafo

San Francisco

Rostov-on-Don

Rio de Janeiro

Belo Horizonte

Vishakhapatnam

Port-au-Prince

Nizhny Novgorod

Washington D.C.

Dnipropetrovs'k

Ho Chi Minh City

Saint Petersburg

Santa Cruz de La Sierra

Petropavloski-Kamchatskiy

Bhopal

Nagoya

Lucknow

Shanghai

Tangshan

Hyderabad

Amsterdam

Groundwater Resources of the World180°160° e. G.140°120°100°80°60°40°20°0°20°40°60°80°100°120°140°160° w. G.

Tropic of Cancer

80°

60°

20°

Tropic of Capricorn

0°

20°

Equator

40°

60°

80°

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

40°

Arctic Circ le

Antarctic Circ le

© BGR Hannover / UNESCO Paris 2008. All rights reserved.

20°

0°

20°

40°

60°

80°

Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Capricorn

EquatorGu l f

o f G u i ne a

A r a b i a nS e a

B a yo f B e n g a l

R e d S e a

S o u t h

C h i n a

S e a

E a s t

C h i n a

S e a

Ye l l o wSe a

S e a o fJ a p a n

S e a o f

O k h o t s k

B e r i n g S e a

E a s t S i b i r i e n S e a

L a p t e v S e aK a r a S e aB a r e n t s S e a

Baltic

N o r t hS e a

Sea

Black Sea

M e d i t e r r a n e a nS e a

B a f f i nB a y

H u d s o nB a y

Be r i n gSe a G u l f

o f A l a s k a

G u l f o f M e x i c o

C a r i b b e a n S e a

S c o t i a S e a

W e d d e l l S e a

T a s m a n S e a

Casp ian Sea

Groundwater resources

in major groundwater basinsin areas withcomplex hydrogeological structurein areas with local and shallow aquifers

groundwater recharge (mm/a)very high high medium low very low

0220100300

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

10 11

Aquifer Types of Australia & New Zealand(area in million km²)

1.710.060.54

0.96

0.172.32

1.35 0.43

0.290.01

0.15

Aquifer Types of Asia(area in million km²)

3.053.15

4.321.15

2.372.67

4.47

18.51

0.811.66

3.20

Aquifer Types of Africa(area in million km²)

1.98

3.091.17

4.598.63

1.96

1.14

0.182.934.36

Aquifer Types of Europe(area in million km²)

0.20

2.270.71

0.57

2.00 0.74

0.300.25

0.292.16

0.21

Aquifer Types of the World(area in million km²)

5.804.4%

11.688.8%

10.748.1%10.68

8.0%8.426.3%

21.1315.9%

40.8930.7%

7.745.8%

7.565.7% 6.60

5.0% 1.741.3%

Aquifer Types of Central and South America(area in million km²)

3.161.19

0.46

5.17

0.51 0.77 0.27

3.59

3.01

0.380.03

Aquifer Types of North America(area in million km²)

2.051.682.02

4.73

7.67

1.030.63

1.040.01

0.04

0.47

10

89

11

5 43

2

7

1

6