Harvesting the Harvesting the WindWind
May 29, 2004May 29, 2004
Presented by:Presented by:
Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operativeToronto Renewable Energy Co-operative
WindShareWindShare
OverviewOverview
Wind Industry At Home & Abroad
Large Scale Wind Projects
Individual Applications
Community Power
The Wind IndustryThe Wind Industry
At Home & AbroadAt Home & Abroad
Wind Energy Quick Facts
• Wind power is the world's fastest growing energy source with sustained growth rates in excess of 30% per year.
• Today's cost ranges between 8¢ to 12¢ per kWh.
• The technology has matured rapidly with typical reliability rates greater than 98%, making them on par with the reliability of a present-day farm tractor.
Wind Energy Quick Facts
• Currently, Canada has approx. 300 MW of installed capacity - enough to supply about 56,000 homes.
• The Canadian Wind Energy Association estimates that 20% of Canada’s energy could be supplied by wind.
• The Ontario wind industry could contribute at least 2,000-3,000 MW.
Canada lags the world in wind
Installed Capacity Worlwide (2002)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Germany Spain USA Denmark India Canada
Country
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity,
MW
And Ontario lags other provinces…
Installed Capacity in Canada (2003)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Canada Alberta Quebec Sask Ontario Atlantic
Province
Inst
alle
d C
apac
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MW
Total Canada: 317 MW
14.6 MW
…In Spite of Great Potential
• 2,000-6,000 MW • 5,000-16,000 GWh
• 3.5-11% of total demand
• 3,000 MW by 2010
• Ontario Gov’t RFP for 300 MW of Green Power
Types of Wind Energy Systems
Small-Scale Individual
Large Utility Scale
• Common, proven technology• Large number of blades for high torque
• Remote communities, small businesses• 10 kW – 200 kW• Typically not cost-competitive with grid-connection
• grid-connected • 660 kW – 3 MW• Competitive with traditional sources
Mechanical/ Water pumping systems
TechnologyMost common technology - horizontal axis, 3 bladeMost common technology - horizontal axis, 3 blade
Horizontal Axis vs. Vertical Axis
Large Scale ProjectsLarge Scale Projects
The Technology Has Come of Age
1970’s - 22 kW 2000’s – 1.8 MW
Grid-Connected Wind Turbines
30 m
(100 ft)
car Economies of scale heavily favour VERY large machines.
1.8 MW Ontario Power turbine can supply enough power for 600 homes every year.
Wind Farms
• Utility-sized machines are typically placed in arrays of 5-50 machines; “Wind Farms”
• Wind farms need large areas and need to be close to roads for construction and maintenance.
• Wind farms are therefore frequently built on farmers fields.
Steps in Wind Farm Development• Wind, topographic maps• Land option/lease agreements• Wind Resource Assessment• Environmental Assessment• Permits• Interconnect Study• Power Purchase Contract• Equipment Selection• Financing• Construction• Operation –20-25 years• Decommissioning
Issues in Ontario
• Market • Transmission System• Financial Incentives• Planning Policy
Individual ApplicationsIndividual Applications
Wind Power applications• Remote site (no grid)
• Back up Power – battery charging
• Water Pumping (large amounts)
• Hybrid systems – solar/diesel
Small-Scale Wind Energy
• Large Range of Options– 10 kW – 200 kW – Varying performance, reliability– Buyer Beware
• Higher Cost– May be attractive if cost savings are not primary driver,
as capital costs typically start at $40,000– Rule of Thumb: small wind power is cost effective
when you pay more than $.12-.16/kWh on your electric bill
Considerations
• Siting:– Minimum 30ft above anything within 1/4 mile– Not on a building– Neighbours? Bylaws?
• Equipment:– Right turbine for your resource and needs– Tilt up or guyed towers
• Maintenance• Some noise
Wind Solar HybridOff grid
• Complimentary technologies
• Design system to demand/load
• Cost per watt high currently
• Good alternative when:– Remote area– High cost to bring line in
Grid Tied
• Wind Turbine puts power into control system, matches power with grid
• CSA approved inverter/controls• Approval of utility• No Batteries, less costly• When grid goes down, so does your power
Net Metering• Reduces the amount paid for
electricity, but not service charges and debt charges
• Net metering permitted up to consumption level, not beyond
• Few grid tied systems in Ontario– High capital costs, regulations
• Changes required to make grid tied systems economical – policy announcement?
Community PowerCommunity Power
What is Community Wind?
• Wind turbines locally-owned: – individually, co-operatively or collectively through a number of
mechanisms
• Key is for the community to identify the turbines as their own
• Community has a sense of control and stake in their future
Why Community Wind?
Wind Power Co-operatives Comprise a significant portion of energy
generation markets in Europe and US
Are emerging in Ontario in several communities
Have potential to be significant part of Ontario’s emerging sustainable energy economy
Why do Community Wind?Why do Community Wind?
Successful model: Denmark, Germany
Denmark – 20% power from wind, 80% in 1995 owned by co-ops and individuals
Local ownership = greater acceptance
UK 90% utility owned; higher rejection rate on planning approvals
Existing WPCs - Denmark
Middelgrunden
– 20 x 2 MW offshore turbines– 8500 members in the co-op own half the turbines (JV
Copenhagen utility)– 40,500 shares sold for 570 Euros each
($805 Cnd = $32,602,500)– Co-ops sells power to utility
Existing WPCs - US
Minnesota – MinWind I & II
– Farmer initiative– Motivation: need for extra income, preserving their farms
and communities– 2 partnerships with 2 turbines each– Open membership to folks from the community who are
not farmers– Farmers raised $3.5 million in 12 days
WindShare ModelWindShare Model – – Investment Co-opInvestment Co-op Joint Venture with THESI for 2 wind turbines
Partners invest in cost of turbine Power sold to THESI Members receive annual dividends
Share Offering: $800K in shares for 1st turbine $300K raised in escrow for second turbine
Almost 600 members to date
CO2 offsets of up to 2.8 million tonnes/yr
94 metres
25 storeys
Production commenced Jan 21, 2003
Lagerwey 750 kWLagerwey 750 kW
Kick in speed of 2.8 Kick in speed of 2.8 m/s m/s (11km/h)(11km/h)
Turbine output= ~1,400,000 kWh
Equivalent Equivalent power for power for 250 homes250 homes
Other Emerging Co-opsOther Emerging Co-ops
Ontario Projects in development: TradeWinds - Kingston Picton County/Visionquest Positive Power - Hamilton LakeWind
“Co-op of co-ops” Potential sites across ON 10-20 MW wind farms
Wind Power Workshops & Tours• The Toronto Renewable Energy Co-op is
developing workshops for schools and classes which highlight the power of wind and renewables as they relate to the Ontario curriculum
• Tours of the Ex Place turbine are also available through TREC
Resources
• Workshops– OSEA (www.ontario-sea.org)– Kortright Centre (www.kortright.org)
• Internet– www.windshare.ca– www.trec.on.ca– www.canwea.ca– www.wind-works.org
• Distributors and Dealers – CanSIA, CanWEA• Books – Paul Gipe
ContactContact
David Timm
Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operative
401 Richmond Street West, Suite 401
Toronto, ON
M5V 3A8
416-977-5093