Hazardous Materials TrainingJanuary 2011
Part One
Overview of hazardous materials regulations (HMR) training requirements
Regulatory bodies that govern the transportation of hazardous materialsOSHA-concerned with protecting the employee
DOT-concerned with the safe transport of hazardous materials (via air, rail, roadway)
EPA (DEP)-concerned with protecting the environment
NFPA 58 concerned with bulk storage of Propane
All require written plans, formal training, emergency response procedures
OSHA or DOT Jurisdiction OSH Act
• Section 4(b)(1) of the OSH Act states that OSHA does not have jurisdiction over health and safety if another Federal agency exercises its statutory authority in this area.
U.S. courts interpret the OSH Act using the “gap theory” or “hazard-by-hazard” approach:
• If DOT has a regulation that would reduce or eliminate the workplace hazard, DOT regulations apply.
• If DOT does not have a regulation to address the hazard, OSHA regulations apply.
OSHA or DOT Jurisdiction
• DOT has jurisdiction for:
– In transit operations between destination points, including readjusting and securing the load.
– Proper handling of hazardous materials during loading and unloading vehicles and rail cars according to the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR 171-180).
• OSHA has jurisdiction for:
– Actions associated with loading and unloading the vehicle or railcar at destination points where DOT does not address a safety or health hazard.
– Response to hazardous waste emergencies.
Overall objectives of today’s training presentation
Will focus primarily on DOT training but will also encompass the main requirements of OSHA & EPA training requirements regarding the handling and transporting of hazardous materials
Help to prevent unplanned releases and accidents involving the hazardous materials transported by this operation
Provide information regarding the hazards of the chemicals/hazardous materials that you may be exposed in your workplace.
Scope of training
You should:
Be familiar with the general provisions of the Hazardous materials regulations (HMR) part 172, subpart H (formerly HM126F)
Be able to recognize and identify the hazardous materials as they apply to your job function
Have knowledge of emergency response information, self protection measures, and accident prevention methods and procedures
DOT required Haz Mat employee training shall include
General awareness/familiarization training
Function-specific training
Safety training
Driver training
• Specific cargo tank training
Security awareness
Hazardous materials covered in this presentation
Propane
Diesel
Gasoline
Fuel oil ( #2, #6)
Kerosene
AREAS THAT WE WILL COVER RELEVANT TO THESE PRODUCTS ARE:
Hazardous materials table
North American Emergency guide book (guide sheet 128)
Shipping papers
Placarding
Highway carrier requirements
Emergency response procedures
Areas we will not cover today
PackagingLabelingTransport by AirTransport by RailHazardous materials other than propane,oil, diesel, kerosene
*These are topics that are included in the requirements but do not apply to your operation
HAZMAT EMPLOYEE (49 CFR 171.8)
A HAZMAT employee is a person employed by a HAZMAT employer and who, in the course of employment, directly affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term includes owner-operators of a motor vehicle that transports hazardous materials in commerce.
Hazmat Employee (includes owners)
Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials
Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums or packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazardous materials
Prepares hazardous materials for transportation
Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials
Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials
HMR divides responsibility in three categories
The shipper
The carrier
The driver
The shipper(owner, driver, dispatcher, fleet manager, office)
Person or company sending the hazmat from one place to another:
Must assign proper shipping name, hazard class, identification numbers, correct type of packaging, correct label and marking on placards, correct placards
Properly packages the hazmat
Prepares shipping papers
Certifies on the shipping papers that they have prepared shipment properly
The carrier(driver, fleet manager, company owner)
Transports shipment to destination
Ensures that product has been correctly named, labeled and marked for shipment
Reports any accidents or incidents to the proper government agency
The driver
Ensures that shipper has properly identified, marked and labeled product
Must refuse leaking shipments
Attaches appropriate placards
Delivers products safely & obeys all rules and requirements
Keeps shipping papers in proper place
General Awareness
Must be familiar with the requirements of HM training requirements
Hazard communication training
• Must be able to recognize HM
• Must know hazards of chemical to which you may be exposed (hazard classes)
• Must know what to do in the event of an emergency or unplanned release
Function-specific training
Must be familiar with the standards as they apply to your specific job
These will vary depending on the individual’s specific job function
Safety training
Must include:
Emergency response information required by subpart G of part 172
Measures to protect the employee from the hazards associated with the HazMat to which they may be exposed in the work place, including specific measures the hazmat employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure
Methods & procedures for avoiding accidents involving hazardous materials
Driver training
Training must include the following subjects:
Pre-trip inspection
Use of vehicle controls and equipment, including operation of emergency equipment
Operation of vehicle
• Turning, backing,braking, parking,handling, effects of braking, dangers of maneuvering through curves, effects of speed, dangers of weather & road conditions, and high center of gravity
Procedures for maneuvering tunnels, bridges and railroad crossings
Requirements pertaining to attendance of vehicles, parking, smoking routing and incident reporting
Loading and unloading procedures
Packaging and securing load
Operators of Cargo TanksTraining for cargo tank drivers must include:
Operation of emergency control features of the cargo tank
Special handling characteristics
• High center of gravity, fluid-load subject to surge, effects of fluid-load surge on braking, characteristic differences in stability among baffled, un-baffled and multi-compartmented tanks, effects of partial loads on vehicle stability
Loading & unloading procedures
Properties and hazards of the materials transported
Retest and inspection requirements for cargo tanks.
QUESTIONS
END PART ONE
5 MINUTE BREAK
Part TwoGeneral Familiarization
Hazardous Materials
“Materials that are capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, & property when transported in commerce.”A material is considered to hazardous if it:•Meets one or more hazard class definitions•Is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated-temperature material.
Hazardous Materials Table
Lists and classifies those materials which the DOT has designated as hazardous materials for purposes of transportation and prescribes the requirements for shipping papers, package marking, labeling, and transport vehicle placarding applicable to the shipment and transportation of those hazardous materials.
The Hazardous Materials Table
The Hazardous Materials Table
Lists materials alphabetically by proper shipping name
Consists of 10 major headings:• Symbols
• HM descriptions & proper shipping names
• Hazard class or division
• Identification numbers
• Packaging group assigned to the material
• Label codes
• Special provisions
• Packaging
• Quantity limitations
• Vessel Stowage
Symbols
+ - “Fixes”(means you can’t change it) the proper shipping name, hazard class or division and packing group in columns 2, 3 &5
A – means that the material is only regulated if offered for and/or transported by air, unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste. In that case, it’s regulated in all modes of transportation * see definitions
D- Identifies proper shipping names describing materials for domestic transportation.
G-identifies n.o.s. and generic proper shipping names that require the addition of one or more technical names
I-identifies proper shipping names describing materials for international transportation
W-means material is regulated only if transported by water unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste
Nine hazard classes
Class 1 - Explosives
Class 2 - Gases
Class 3 - Flammable liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids
Class 5 - Oxidizing substances and Organic Peroxides
Class 6 - Poisons/Toxic Materials
Class 7 - Radioactive materials
Class 8 - Corrosive materials
Class 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous materials
Definitions of Hazard classes
Review handout #1
Products that may be carried by your company
Propane
• Class 2
#2 Fuel, diesel, kerosene, gasoline
• Class 3
Activity
Look up propane or fuel oil in the table
Packing groups
PG I - great danger
PG II - medium danger
PG III - minor
Shipping papers
Must include:
Proper shipping name
Hazard class
Identification number
Total quantity of materials being shipped
When transporting Empty Cargo Tanks
Shipping papers are still required if a cargo tank has been emptied, but not cleaned of the hazardous residue.
(For Propane dealers) When transporting ASME tanks with a capacity of 125 gallons or greater to or from a customer’s location, they must not contain more than 5% propane during transport.
Shipping papers
May be in any form or format as long as it contains the information required by the HMR in the correct sequence
Must contain basic description & any additional descriptions or entries
Must be legible & printed in English
Must accurately communicate the hazards of the materials being transported
Most must be certified but certification is not required for materials transported by cargo tank
Shipping papers
Must be readily available & visible to a person entering the driver’s compartment
Must be clearly distinguishable
Must be within immediate reach of the driver while restrained by lap belt
When the driver is not in vehicle must be in holder on inside of door or on driver’s seat
24-hour Emergency Response number
Required on all shipping papers
Must be monitored at all times while the material is in transportation, including storage incidental to transportation
Contact person must be capable of providing emergency response & incident mitigation information immediately, upon request
Emergency Response Information
The shipper must also provide emergency response information for each hazardous material listed on the shipping paper
Emergency Response Information
Information about hazardous materials & the necessary immediate precautions & actions to take in the event of a spill or leak are required
Must carry in the same manner as the shipping papers
North American Emergency Guidebook-Guide Sheet 128
Placards
There are two placarding tables:
When determining which placards must be used and what options are available, both placarding tables must be considered
Placards
Must clearly communicate the hazard of the material being transported
Must have no visual competition
Must be readily visible from the direction it faces
Be on all four sides of vehicle (each side and each end)
placed so words are level and read from left to right
Must be located clear of appurtenances and devices, away from dirt and water & at least three inches away from any other markings
Words and/or numbers must be displayed horizontally
Placard modifications
The word “gasoline” may be used in place of the word “flammable” on cargo tank transporting gasoline
Fuel oil (in cargo tank) may be used in place of word “combustible”
Placard
Placarding is responsibility of shipper and carrier
(that includes driver).
If the required placard is missing, or damaged, no matter what the reason, the shipment must not be transported.
QUESTIONS
End Part Two10 Minute Break
Part Three
Carriage by Highway
HMR, part 177HMR, part 177“Carriage by Public Highway”“Carriage by Public Highway”
Requires motor carriers to train employees in the Requires motor carriers to train employees in the prescribed regulationsprescribed regulations
Additional specific training is required for operators of Additional specific training is required for operators of cargo tanks or vehicles with a portable tank with capacity cargo tanks or vehicles with a portable tank with capacity of 1,000 gallons or moreof 1,000 gallons or more
Motor CarriersMotor Carriers
Must also comply with the Must also comply with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) & refer to Regulations (FMCSR) & refer to driver qualifications, hours of driver qualifications, hours of service, equipment standards service, equipment standards and operational requirements.and operational requirements.
US DOT reps may inspect all US DOT reps may inspect all motor carrier records, motor carrier records, equipment, packaging & equipment, packaging & containers -- that may affect the containers -- that may affect the safe transportation of hazardous safe transportation of hazardous materialsmaterials
Loading and unloadingLoading and unloading (HMR 177.834)(HMR 177.834)
Attendance requirementsAttendance requirements
• A cargo tank must be A cargo tank must be attendedattended by a qualified person at by a qualified person at all times when it is being loadedall times when it is being loaded
• The person who is responsible for loading the cargo The person who is responsible for loading the cargo tank is also responsible for ensuring that is so tank is also responsible for ensuring that is so attendedattended
Loading & UnloadingLoading & Unloading
A person “ attends” the loading or A person “ attends” the loading or unloading of a cargo tank if, unloading of a cargo tank if, throughout the process: throughout the process:
He/she is awake/alertHe/she is awake/alert
Has Has unobstructedunobstructed view of the cargo view of the cargo tanktank
Is within 25 feet of the cargo tankIs within 25 feet of the cargo tank
Knows the hazards of the materialKnows the hazards of the material
Safety MeasuresSafety Measures
No No smokingsmoking on or near vehicle on or near vehicle
No spark producing toolsNo spark producing tools
Use caution with tools so as not to damage packages, Use caution with tools so as not to damage packages, containers, or their closurescontainers, or their closures
Do not load flammable materials in a cargo space that Do not load flammable materials in a cargo space that has a heater unithas a heater unit
DriverDriver Training/CargoTraining/Cargo Tank TrucksTank Trucks
Pre-Trip InspectionPre-Trip Inspection
““No motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver No motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver thereof shall have satisfied himself that the following thereof shall have satisfied himself that the following parts & accessories are in good working order, nor shall parts & accessories are in good working order, nor shall any driver fail to use or make use of such parts and any driver fail to use or make use of such parts and accessories.” (FMCSR part 392.7)accessories.” (FMCSR part 392.7)
Pre-Trip InspectionPre-Trip Inspection
Critical inspection items include:Critical inspection items include:• Service brakesService brakes
• Parking brakeParking brake
• Steering mechanismSteering mechanism
• Lighting devices & reflectorsLighting devices & reflectors
• TiresTires
• HornHorn
• WindshieldWindshield
• Rear-vision mirror or mirrorsRear-vision mirror or mirrors
• Coupling devicesCoupling devices
7- Step Pre-Trip Inspection procedure7- Step Pre-Trip Inspection procedure
Vehicle overviewVehicle overview
Check engine compartmentCheck engine compartment
Start engine & inspect inside the cabStart engine & inspect inside the cab
Turn off engine & check lightsTurn off engine & check lights
Do walk around inspectionDo walk around inspection
Check signal lightsCheck signal lights
Start engine & check brake systemStart engine & check brake system
Product weightProduct weight
Prior to loading vehicle, you must know:Prior to loading vehicle, you must know:
AmountAmount the liquid will expand the liquid will expand
Weight of liquid per gallonWeight of liquid per gallon
Legal weight limitsLegal weight limits
OutageOutage
The space you leave for expansion is called The space you leave for expansion is called OutageOutage
You must know the outage requirements of each product You must know the outage requirements of each product you haulyou haul
Cargo tanksCargo tanks
High center of High center of gravitygravity
subject to “subject to “surge”surge”
Prone to Prone to roll overroll over on on curves, ramps and during curves, ramps and during evasive movementsevasive movements
3 Types of tanks3 Types of tanks
BulkheadBulkhead
BaffledBaffled
Un-baffled or “smooth bore”Un-baffled or “smooth bore”
BulkheadsBulkheads::
Solid steel divider within the tank which creates Solid steel divider within the tank which creates separate compartmentsseparate compartments
BafflesBaffles
Dividers with holes in them, designed to Dividers with holes in them, designed to slow down the front-to-back surge. They do slow down the front-to-back surge. They do not have much effect on side-to-side surgenot have much effect on side-to-side surge
SURGESURGE::
The movement of the liquid from the front to the back, The movement of the liquid from the front to the back, and from side to side. and from side to side.
Determined by two major factors:Determined by two major factors:
AmountAmount of liquid in the tank of liquid in the tank
DesignDesign of the tank of the tank
Countermeasures for dealing with SurgeCountermeasures for dealing with Surge
Maintain 12 to 15 second eye lead time Always Maintain 12 to 15 second eye lead time Always slow downslow down before entering curves - posted limit is for cars not tankersbefore entering curves - posted limit is for cars not tankers
Accelerate gently through the curveAccelerate gently through the curve
Avoid sudden stops whenever possible by maintaining a good Avoid sudden stops whenever possible by maintaining a good cushion of safety around the vehicle.cushion of safety around the vehicle.
Three factors that can cause a skidThree factors that can cause a skid
OversteeringOversteering
OverbrakingOverbraking
OveraccelerationOveracceleration
Emergency maneuversEmergency maneuversIt is almost always better to steer to avoid an emergency It is almost always better to steer to avoid an emergency than to brake to avoid onethan to brake to avoid one
Don’t Don’t brakebrake while making an emergency turning maneuver. while making an emergency turning maneuver.
If you must brake, use stab or controlled brakingIf you must brake, use stab or controlled braking
When using stab braking, release the brakes as soon as When using stab braking, release the brakes as soon as the wheels lock up, and then apply the brakes hard againthe wheels lock up, and then apply the brakes hard again
If the steering tires lock up, you will continue straight If the steering tires lock up, you will continue straight regardless of how you turn the wheelregardless of how you turn the wheel
If you must leave the roadway, slow to 20 mph, if possible, If you must leave the roadway, slow to 20 mph, if possible, before applying brakesbefore applying brakes
QUESTIONS
Part Four
Spill prevention and emergency response procedures & action plans
Objectives for this section
Review OSHA HAZWOPPER requirements
Review the emergency operating procedure requirements
Review some emergency operating procedures
Review spill prevention measures
OSHA first responder awareness level
First responders are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous material release & have:
• an understanding or what hazardous chemicals are & risk associated
with them;
• an understanding of potential outcomes of HM emergency
• the ability to identify the hazardous materials
• understanding the role of first responder in the emergency response
• plan, including site security & control
• ability to realize need for additional resources & make appropriate
• notification to communication center
First Responders Operations level
Knowledge of basic hazard & risk assessment techniques
Know how to select & use proper personal protective equipment provided
Has understanding of basic hazardous materials terms
Knows how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement (dam, dike, divert)
Knows basic decontamination procedures
Understands relevant SOP & termination procedures
Basic terms
Flammable liquid-any liquid that has a flash point 140F or less
Flash point-temperature where the liquid will ignite, detonate, explode
North American Emergency guidebook
Contains information on hazardous materials
Accepted by emergency response information
Driver should have individual guide sheets or should know which guide sheets apply to the product being carried
In the event of accident, if possible take guide sheet & shipping papers and get away from vehicle
Provide ER info to first responders
North Americanemergency guide sheets provide info in the following areas:
Potential hazards
• Fire or explosion
• Health
• Public safety
• Protective clothing
• Evacuation
• Fire
Emergency response
• Fire
• Spill or leak
• First aid
North American emergency guidebook-guide sheets 128 (Petroleum Oil) & 115 ( Propane)
Potential hazards of petroleum products Guide Sheet 128
<>FIRE OR EXPLOSION· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.· Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.· Containers may explode when heated.· Many liquids are lighter than water.· Substance may be transported hot.
Potential hazards of Propane-Guide Sheet 115
<>FIRE OR EXPLOSION· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Will form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread
along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Health Hazards of petroleum products
Protective measures
Emergency Operating Procedure requirements
A comprehensive written emergency operating procedure must be developed for all transfer operations and hazmat employees who perform unloading functions must be trained in its provisions.
The emergency operating procedure must be prominently displayed in or on the cargo tank motor vehicle
Emergency responses for leaks during transit
If the problem is before the nozzle, then SHUT OFF THE NOZZLE.
If the problem is with the nozzle, then PUSH THE STOP BUTTON at the meter.
If the problem is with the tank, then USE CONTAINMENT MEASURES TO STOP OR SLOW THE LEAK, THEN CALL FOR HELP.
If the truck is on the roadway, try and pull OUT OF THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC but DO NOT drive beyond the nearest point at which safe removal of the fuel can be made.
Warn nearby person of fire hazard. Extinguish nearby open flames. DO NOT SMOKE!
Report the spill to your company emergency response coordinator
Emergency response procedures in transit
If possible:Dam, Dike or Divert spilled product, keep it away from storm or sewer drains, catch basins and waterways.
Contain product using booms, pigs, absorbent pads or gravel/soil embankments.
Secure site until remediation and emergency response personnel arrive on the scene.
However, never take action unless you have been properly trained (awareness level and operators level) and directed by your employer to do so.
If a spill occurs during delivery or service call
Shut off the supply
Look around for sump pumps, drains or holes ,or cracks in floors and foundation-keep oil away from these areas
Contain spill by using oil pads, booms or speedy dry
Use plugs or patch on tanks if possible
Create a vacuum in tank by using a fill cap or plastic bag and placing over fill.
Say as little as possible to homeowners, never admit liability!
REPORT ALL SPILLS
If spill happens during normal business hours: report to office
If after hours, call SPLASH hotline direct
Be prepared to tell them
Extent of spill-quantityLocation of the spill• Address• Inside home, outside home, on the roadWhen it happenedIf in the home, has the homeowner been notifiedIf on the road, have any emergency responders arrived on the sceneIs the product contained or not
Spill prevention while loading or unloading ( delivering product)
Most common spill claims
Tank over-pressurization• blocked or partially blocked vent• pumping too fast for vent pipe size
Misdelivery:• disconnected fill pipe• defective tank• wrong address
Leaking hoses
Recommended spill prevention measures
•Always employ No Whistle-No fill policy
•Double check address & location of fill
•NEVER LEAVE THE FILL PIPE during delivery! Stay alert.
•Pre-inspect new customers whenever possible
•Use reasonable pumping rates-no greater than 70gpm
•Check hoses for wear on regular basis
•Pull hose from shoulder, never drag nozzle on ground
•If you suspect anything is wrong. STOP the delivery and call dispatch
Safety really is No accident!
Famous last words:
“It’s just common sense”
“That could never happen to me”
“It’s not my fault…the other guy should have removed that disconnected fill”
“But I had the right of way”
“I’ve been doing it this way for years!”
Any final questions?
Thank you!