THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the W orking People

V o l. 26 - No. 9 M o n d a y , F e b ru a ry 26, 1962 P r ic e 10c

Steel Leaders Drop W ork W eek Demand

B y W ill ia m B undyU n de r the in flue nce o f the K e n ­

nedy ad m in is tra tio n , the leader­ship o f the U n ited S tee lw orkers of A m erica has fa ile d to ra ise the dem and fo r a “ sho rte r w o rk w eek a t no reduc tion in pay” in the negotia tions w h ic h opened Feb. 14 fo r a new con trac t in the basic steel in d u s try .

F o r the f ir s t tim e in the h is to ry o f the un ion , a fed e ra l a d m in is tra ­t io n has in te rvened d ire c t ly in de­te rm in in g w h a t the u n io n ’s con­tra c t demands should be. The purpose o f the in te rv e n tio n , spear­headed b y L a b o r Secre tary A r th u r J. G oldberg, is to m ake sure tha t the steel un ion does no t set a p a t­te rn o f s ig n if ic a n t gains fo r the w o rke rs and m ost p a r t ic u la r ly th a t the un ion does no t m ake a f ig h t for. the sho rte r w o rk week.

The steel nego tia tions a rc the most, im p o rta n t la b o r con tract ta lk s o f the year. T hey d ire c tly concern 430,000 un ion m em bers in eleven m a jo r steel com panies and w i l l p ro b a b ly set a p a tte rn fo r la te r nego tia tions cove ring an ad­d itio n a l 500,000 w o rke rs in m eta l fa b ric a tin g , a lu m in u m and o ther indus tries .

Techno log ica l unem p loym en t has h i t w o rke rs in steel as ha rd as any in the cou n try . In the last th ree years the m em bersh ip o f the S tee lw orkers U n ion has fa lle n fro m 1.2 m illio n to about 930,000.

Students Flood D.C. To Picket for Peace

B y A u d re y K a linThousands o f y o u th fu l p icke ts

poured in to W ashing ton, D.C., on S a tu rday and Sunday, Feb. 16 and 17. T hey w e n t the re seeking d is­a rm am ent, a h a lt to the c iv i l- defense p rog ram and an im m edia te end to nu c le a r testing. The dem ­o n s tra tion was sponsored by the T u rn T ow a rd Peace S tuden t C oun­c il whose co -ope ra ting groups in ­c luded s tudent S A N E and the S tuden t Peace U n ion.

I t was the la rges t dem onstra tion o f its k in d in years. T w o U n iv e r ­s ity o f In d ia n a students were amazed “ ju s t to see so m any s tu ­dents ge ttin g o u t fo r a n y th in g lik e th is .” D em onstra to rs had come fro m as fa r aw ay as Seattle. A s busloads o f s ing ing students and college undergradua tes a r ­r ive d , the y cou ld no t he lp b u t ap p laud them selves fo r the ove r­w h e lm in g and unexpected tu r n ­out.

Surprise TurnoutLeaders repo rted th a t 1,500 p a r­

tic ip a te d in the dem onstra tion on S atu rday. T hey had expected 3,000 b y Sunday a fte rnoon b u t w ere ove rw he lm ed by an actua l tu rn ­ou t o f 8,000.

P icke ts m arched before the W h ite House c a rry in g signs say­in g “ Peace — the cause th a t re ­freshes,” “ Ban the bom b,” and “ Peace is the o n ly defense.” One o f the spokesmen fo r the organ­iz in g group, D a v id O tta w a y fro m H a rv a rd , said “ W e are the r ig h t w in g o f the d isa rm am ent groups. W e are no t pacifis ts . W e’re no t fo r se llin g ou t to the Russians.” I n ­tended to show the “ respectab il­i t y ” o f the dem onstra tion , these v ie w s w e re n o t w h a t b ro u g h t the

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A r th u r J. G o ldberg

In basic steel i t has s h ru n k fro m500,000 to 430,000. D u r in g those years, the un ion, and the la bo r m ovem ent genera lly , pub lic ized the “ sho rte r w o rk w eek a t no re ­d u c tion in pay” as la b o r’s p r im a ry answ er to unem p loym ent caused b y autom ation .

T h is was re flec ted in speeches o f S tee lw orkers P res iden t D a v id J. M cD ona ld as rece n tly as last O ctober, and in an A F L -C IO con­ve n tio n reso lu tion las t December. B u t the S tee lw orkers Wage P o licy C om m ittee approved a nego tia ting p rog ram Feb. 7 th a t buries the issue o f a sho rte r w o rk week.

On Jan. 23, f iv e m onths before the present basic steel con trac t is scheduled to e xp ire on June 30, M cD ona ld had a p r iv a te m eeting in the W h ite House w ith G o ld ­berg, P res iden t K ennedy and U.S. S tee l’s R. Conrad Cooper. Im m e d i­a te ly the rea fte r, o ff ic ia ls o f the S tee lw orkers U n ion stopped m en­t io n in g the sho rte r w o rk w eek as a necessary device fo r a lle v ia tin g au tom ation unem ploym ent.

G o ldbe rg — w ho was ch ie f la w ­y e r fo r the S tee lw orkers un ion be­fo re K ennedy appo inted h im Sec-

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Lies Fed to American People About U. S. War in Vietnam

B y H a rry R ingW hen A tto rn e y G enera l R obert

K ennedy m ade a fas t appearance and ta k e -o ff a t the Saigon a irp o rt in South V ie tn a m ' Feb. 18, a B r it is h newsm an b lu n tly asked h im :

“ A m erican boys are d y in g out here. Do the A m erican people u n ­derstand and approve o f w h a t is go ing on?”

The p res iden t’s b ro th e r b razen ly rep lied : “ I th in k the A m erican people understand and fu l ly sup­p o rt th is s trugg le .”

H ow does he know? The A m e r­ican people have n o t been con­su lted abou t the ille g a l co m m it­m en t o f U.S. forces in support o f the D iem d ic ta to rsh ip in the South V ietnam ese c iv i l w a r. A n d the p res ident h im se lf has approved the c lam p ing dow n o f a censorship on news o f U.S. a c tiv itie s in th a t w a r — a censorship d irec ted no t at keep ing in fo rm a tio n fro m the “ enem y” b u t designed to keep the A m erican people in the d a rk about w h a t is re a lly go ing on there.

U.S. correspondents have no t

Monroe Trial Is Postponed; N. Y. Rally Hits Frame-Up

FEB. 20 — Upon m o tio n o f the prosecution the open ing o f the fra m e d -u p “ k id n a p ” t r ia l in M on ­roe, N o rth C aro lina , has been postponed t i l l M ay 7. The prose­cu to r stated th a t by then he e x ­pected to have M rs. M ae M a llo ry , now f ig h t in g e x tra d it io n fro m O hio, in the dock along w ith the th ree young men defendants, whose t r ia l was supposed to s ta rt yesterday.

R ecen tly G ove rno r M ichae l V. D iS a lle o f O h io tu rn e d dow n M rs. M a llo ry ’s request th a t he refuse to e x tra d ite her. A la s t-d itc h cou rt action in O hio, in s titu te d b y M rs. M a llo ry ’s a tto rney, B e rn a rd A . B e rkm an , should be ru le d on w ith ­in the week.

D e ta ils o f the fra m e -u p were exposed to a N ew Y o rk audience a t the R ive rs ide P laza H o te l last T hu rsd ay b y the th ree young men defendants.

D e fendan t H a ro ld Reape, a 17- ye a r-o ld Negro you th o f M onroe, described the asp ira tions fo r eq u a lity , w h ich had led h im and others in the g ra du a ting class at the J im -C ro w h igh school, to p a r­tic ip a te in the an ti-seg rega tion p ic k e tin g th a t preceded the w h ite - suprem acist r io t in g and the “ k id ­nap” fra m e -u p .

Mob AttackD efendan t R icha rd C row der,

19 -yea r-o ld N egro you th , p res i­den t o f the M onroe N o n -V io le n t A c tio n C om m ittee, to ld how th a t g roup had been organized and tra in e d in co llabo ra tion w ith the Freedom R iders. H e recounted the A ug . 27 m ob a ttack on the p ickets and the events in the Negro com ­m u n ity w hen i t m o m e n ta rily e x ­pected a K u K lu x K la n invasion.

D e fendan t John L o w ry , 20 -yea r- o ld w h ite y o u th fro m N ew Y o rk , said, “ I w e n t on the Freedom Rides because i t is m y respon­s ib il i ty . . . W h ile in the a rm y in G erm any I was to ld w hen I w e n t o f f the base a lw ays to look and act good because I represented the

An In te rv iew

Trying to Vote in the Delta Takes NerveB y F red H alstead

Last m on th Rev. M a rt in L u th e r K in g announced a cam paign to reg is te r Negro vote rs in the South. The cam paign w i l l in c lud e speak­in g tou rs o f Sou thern states, in ­c lu d in g M iss iss ipp i, by Rev. K in g , u rg in g Negroes to reg is ter.

O u r readers can get an idea of the im portance and the d i f f ic u l­ties o f such a cam paign fro m the fo llo w in g in te rv ie w w ith T ra v is B r it t , w ho pa rtic ip a ted last sum ­m er in a vo te r-re g is tra tio n d r iv e in the area around M cCom b in the D e lta area o f M iss iss ipp i. The d r iv e was organized by the S tu ­den t N o n v io le n t C oo rd ina ting C om m ittee, fo r w h ic h B r i t t was a f ie ld rep resen ta tive w h ile he was in M cCom b.

A na tive o f N o rth C a ro lina and a ve te ran o f the Jackson Freedom R ide and J a i l- In , B r i t t is now l i v ­in g in N ew Y o rk C ity , w here he is cha irm an o f the loca l chap te r o f the C om m ittee to A id the M onroe Defendants, and w here I in te rv ie w e d h im las t week.

H e is 28 years old, ta ll, w ith a calm , engaging m anner. To m y f ir s t question o f how he go t in ­vo lved in the d r iv e in McCom b, he rep lied :

“ I spent ove r a m on th in the M iss iss ipp i state p rison w ith o ther F reedom R iders and the re was a lo t o f discussion the re about how the strugg le should be ca rried on w hen w e got out. W e also go t to kn o w one ano the r unde r pressure. Then, in the m id d le o f A ugust

been ba rred fro m b a ttle areas in o rd e r to keep the V ie t Cong, as the South V ietnam ese g u e rr illa s are know n , fro m le a rn in g th a t the y are fac in g A m erican troops. T hey k n o w th a t a lready. B u t such cen­sorsh ip does keep news fro m ge t­t in g back here abou t the fa c t th a t G I ’s are d y in g in a w a r n o t against a “ fo re ign aggressor,” b u t against a na tive fo rce th a t en joys the suppo rt o f the b u lk o f the po pu la -

N o rm an M a ile r

U.S. W e ll, the converse is also tru e . People w i l l judge me by w h a t the y kn o w about the U.S.”

N o rm an M a ile r, the fam ous nove lis t, pra ised the C om m ittee to A id the M onroe Defendants, w h ich was sponsoring the m eeting . Re­fe r r in g to the cha irm an and three o f the speakers, w ho w e re F ree­dom R iders, he said: “ I kn o w i t takes courage to be a Freedom R ide r. I th in k perhaps i t takes even m ore courage fo r a m an lik e R obe rt F. W illia m s to take the k in d o f stand he d id .”

M a ile r declared “ The B lacks,” a p lay by the F renchm an Genet, w h ic h is c u rre n tly ru n n in g in N ew Y o rk , to be one o f the g reat dram as abou t the N egro people. T h is p lay , w h ic h has an a ll-N e g ro cast, some o f w hom im personate w h ites , is unspa ring in its c r i t i ­cism o f w h ite rac ism and co lo n ia l­ism . S outherners, M a ile r said, “ have accused N ew Y o rk a rtis ts o f h id in g behind the M ag ino t L in e o f the M ason-D ixon L in e . W hy don’t a hund red o f us get together

(Continued on Page 2)

1961, a fte r m ost of us had been released on ba il, about 180 o f us had to re tu rn to Jackson a t one tim e fo r a rra ign m en t in court. M iss iss ipp i was t ry in g to m ake i t v e ry expensive, w h ic h i t d id , b u t i t also gave us the o p p o rtu n ity to m eet each o th e r and ta lk th ings over, face to face, instead o f th rou gh v e n tila to rs and around w a lls .

“ W h ile in Jackson fo r the a r ­ra ign m e n t I was asked to go to M cCom b on the SNNC vo te rs -re g - is tra t io n d rive . F ive o f us Freedom R iders w e n t dow n there about the same tim e . A lto g e th e r SNNC had e igh t o r n ine people there . G w end­o lyn Greene, w ho a lready had about s ix arrests to he r c re d it in

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N E X T W E E K : A n e ig h t-p ag e issue fe a tu r in g th e te x t o f th e 2nd D e c lara tio n of H a van a , an historic m anifesto fro m re v o lu ­tio n a ry Cuba. Q u a n tities o f ten copies o r m ore m ay be o rdered at six cents each.

t io n in a n a tio n a l u p ris in g against te r r ib le oppression.

In W ashington, P res iden t K e n ­nedy cou ldn ’t speak as fre e ly as h is b ro th e r d id , 7,000 m iles aw ay, about Am ericans be ing in fo rm ed . A t a Feb. 14 press conference he m ere ly said th a t “ We are be ing as f ra n k as the — as w e can be.”

The p res iden t d id disclose th a t w h ile the A m e rica n people have no t been in fo rm e d abou t the ha rd facts o f o u r new Korea, the lead­ers o f bo th m a jo r pa rties have. A n d — no su rp rise — bo th fu l ly suppo rt U.S. in v o lv e m e n t in the “ s trugg le ” there . (L a w y e r R obe rt K ennedy exp la ined th a t the d i f -

(Continued on Page 2)

Dominican Crisis Keeps Simmering

S A N T O D O M IN G O , Feb. 18 — T h is is a b r ie f ro u n d -u p o f the events here in the past fe w m onths and th e ir s ign ificance. T he masses re a lly began to s t ir as the pro test against B a laguer — the p res iden t w hom T r u j i l lo had le f t in po w e r — m ounted. “ The R esignation o f B a ­laguer” was the slogan w h ic h be­came m ore and m ore the people’s c ry o f hope.

On Nov. 28 the in e v ita b le oc­curred, a genera l s tr ik e dem and­in g B a laguer’s res igna tion shook the e n tire cou n try . The H onorab le M r. H i l l , the U.S. Consul, got busy. H e is the co -o rd in a to r o f the ac tiv itie s o f the U.S. S tate D e­pa rtm e n t and the D o m in ican o l i­garchy. The S tate D e pa rtm e n t each tim e has revealed its e lf as be ing m ore in te n t on re s tra in in g any m ovem ent o f a po pu la r na ­ture.

These forces, h idden beh ind the c u rta in o f a “ n o n -p o lit ic a l” o r­ganization , the N a tion a l C iv ic U n ­ion, took ho ld o f the s itua tion , ta k in g advantage o f and e x p lo it­ing the a n t i-T ru ji l lo re p u ta tio n o f N C U leader, D r. V ir ia to F ia llo . .

T he s tr ik e lasted 12 days. T w e lve days o f genera l s tr ik e in a c o u n try w here the w o rk in g class was and is s u ffe r in g un de r the low est l iv in g cond itions! T h is was s u ffic ie n t to p rove the socia l con­sciousness o f the p ro le ta r ia n class o f th is coun try .

T he s tr ik e ended and a C ounc il o f State (M ade in U S A ) was in ­troduced, in c lu d in g B a laguer and presided over by the “ l ib e ra l” R afael B on ne lly , an e x -m in is te r o f the in te r io r and o f the po lice un de r T ru ji l lo . T h is was done w ith o u t respecting a t a l l the pop­u la r dem and fo r “ A G ove rnm en t o f N a tion a l U n ity .”

On Jan. 17, G enera l Rodriguez E chavarria , unde r the eyes o f the U.S. Consul, decided to create an u ltra re a c tio n a ry gove rnm en t and ven tu red a coup d ’etat. T h is was defeated by the people in 48 hours and the p rev ious C o un c il o f State, w ith o u t B a laguer, was restored.

T h is ru l in g group has re laxe d the p o lit ic a l c lim ate . I t concedes th a t the to r tu re rs and “ calies”

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Page Two THE M IL ITA N T Monday, February 26, 1962

Jagan Regime in Br. Guiana Suffers Disastrous Setback

B y G eorge L ava n

Reuther's "Hockshop" SystemlllHllllillHllllllillllllllllllllflflllttllllllllll<IUI! IIJIIIir*H»UNHUMUIIIII P fC lS IIHIIIIIlÜ

A reg im e in a B r it is h colony w h ic h o n ly s ix m onths ago w on a g reat e lec tion v ic to ry on the basis of be ing fo r independence, the w o rk in g people and socia lism eve n tua lly , has been dea lt a stag­ge ring b lo w b y a genera l s tr ik e in the co lony ’s p r in c ip a l c ity — a s tr ik e w h ich , tu rn in g in to r io t in g and incend ia rism , w as f in a lly que lled b y h a s tily ca lled B r it is h troops.

T h is is the s itua tion in w h ic h the governm ent o f P rim e M in is te r Cheddi B . Jagan o f B r it is h G uiana in South A m erica n o w fin d s i t ­self. H o w cou ld such a th in g have happened?

Bosses Start StrikeThe s tr ik e was ins tiga ted — and

in its in i t ia l stages b ro u g h t about p a r t ly b y bribes — by the co lony ’s n a tive cap ita lis ts and absentee im p e ria lis ts . T hey w a n t to p re ven t independence and to smash Ja - gan’s Peoples P rogressive P a rty . B u t th e y w ere able to b r in g about the genera l s tr ik e o n ly because Jagan’s governm ent, anx ious to avo id charges o f “ ex tre m ism ” in W ash ing ton and London as w e ll as a t home, tr ie d to fo llo w a m id d le - o f- th e -ro a d po licy . T h is led to the proposal o f a na tio n a l budget d ra w n up b y an e x p e rt considered “ safe” by U . S. and B r it is h gov­e rn m en t circles, w h ich imposed sacrifices on cap ita lis ts and w o rk ­ers a like .

The “ a u s te r ity ” budget fo r the im poverished co lony w o u ld have closed ta x loopholes and increased taxes on the cap ita lis ts . N o t u n ­expected ly , these p rov is ions en­raged the ow n in g classes — b u t s ince they a lready hated the Jagan reg im e th is in its e lf caused no change in the re la tio n o f forces W ith in the colony.

T he “ a u s te r ity ” budget, h o w ­ever, w o u ld have im posed sacri-

. . . Monroe Frame-Up(C ontinued from Page 1)

and take th is p lay dow n to M onroe and a ll th rou gh the South and p u t i t on be fore in te g ra te d audiences and have people to defend the cast. N ow w h a t w i l l A tto rn e y G enera l K ennedy re a lly do w ith th a t? ”

Conrad L y n n , counsel fo r the C A M D , focused h is anger on the “ b la ta n t consp iracy between loca l S ou thern po lice departm ents and the F B I and the do-noth ingness o f Negro Congressmen. ”

A fro - A m erican correspondent W ill ia m W o rth y urged Freedom R iders and N egro you th to “ ins is t th a t th e ir a d u lt leaders get onto p ic k e t lines and in to Freedom R ides, in to the B irm in g h a m and M on tgom ery bus stations and in to a M onroe w a de -in , in o rd e r to fo rce the hand o f the fed e ra l gov­e rn m e n t m uch sooner than w i l l o therw ise be the case and also to m in im iz e the danger o f v io lence. ”

O th e r speakers on the crow ded p ro g ra m inc lud ed P rice C hatham and R icha rd G r is y o ld , Freedom R ide rs w h o had been in M onroe. T he m ee ting was cha ired by T ra v is B r it t . A co llec tion o f $370 was donated to the C A M D by thé audience.

Weekly CalendarN E W Y O R K

Freud and M arx, T he ir Theories o f K n o w le dg e . Speaker, Lynn M arcus. Fri., M a rc h 2. 8 : 30 p . m. 116 U n ive rs ity Place. C o n tr ib . 50c. A usp . M i li ta n t Labor Forum .

* * *

MEET W A L D O F R A N K ! Famous a u th o r p resents his la te s t book, C u b a : Pro­p h e tic Is land . Sat., Feb. 24. 8 : 30 p . m. 225 W . 86 tti S t. (Betw een Bdw’y and A m s te rd a m ), A p t. 11-12, H a ll 5. M usic, e n te rta in m e n t, C uban fo o d , re freshm ents. C o n tr ib . 99c. A usp . Fa ir P lay fo r C uba C o m m itte e .

fices on the w o rke rs — p a r tic u la r­ly u rb a n w o rke rs — such as w i th ­h o ld in g a p o rtio n o f wages as fo rced savings, w h ic h cou ld no t be d ra w n upon t i l l m uch la te r, a freeze on vacations and com pu l­sory a rb itra t io n o f wage increases.

In th is m e ltin g -p o t co lony, the m a jo r ity a re descendants o f East Ind ian s b ro u g h t to the sugar p la n ­ta tions as in de n tu red labo r. They fo rm the b u lk o f Jagan’s support. The u rb a n w o rke rs are m ostly Negroes, w ho m a in ly support Forbes B u rn h a m ’s Peoples N a­t io n a l Congress, a p a r ty g u ilty o f ra c is t appeals and re d -b a itin g against Jagan’s pa rty .

S eizing the o p p o rtu n ity , loca l cap ita lis ts ca lled fo r a genera l s tr ik e in G eorgetow n, the co lony’s cap ita l. M an y f irm s pa id th e ir w o rke rs in advance fo r tw o weeks o f s trike . The PNC and a ff il ia te d la b o r leaders accepted the ca p ita l­is ts ’ in v ita t io n . In opposing the budget the y even denounced. the taxes on the bosses and indepen­dence.

P rim e lesson is th a t the road to socia lism in L a t in A m erica is the road o f F id e l Castro, no t the m id ­d le -w a y o f C heddi Jagan.

Pickets in S. F. Win Jobs for Negroes

B y Joyce C ow leyS A N F R A N C IS C O — “ D on’t

B u y W here Y ou Can’t W o rk , ” “ W e W an t Jobs N o w , ” “ D on ’t Accep t T oken ism ” — w ith these slogans abou t 25 p ickets fe l l in lin e th is S a tu rday m o rn in g a t the Super Save m arke t, shopp ing cen ter fo r the N egro com m u n ity a t H u n te r ’s P o in t.

A t noon, usu a lly the h igh p o in t o f S a tu rday buy ing , the re w ere on ly th ree cars in the p a rk in g lo t in f ro n t o f the m arke t. D ism ayed a t seeing h is store a lm ost em pty, the ow ner, M r. W ong, s ta rted to negotiate w ith the pickets, c la im ­in g th a t he had a lready h ire d one N egro c le rk and w o u ld h ire an­o the r “ soon. ” The p ickets s tuck to th e ir dem and fo r the im m ed ia te h ir in g o f tw o clerks.

O n Jan. 3, a s im ila r p icke t line a t S ir i ’s m a rke t was successful and tw o Negro c le rks w ere h ired . S ince th a t tim e the B an k o f A m e r­ica and severa l stores in the area have h ire d Negro clerks.

Labor Backs PicketsT h is cam paign fo r m ore jobs fo r

Negroes is be ing organized b y the B ay V ie w C itizens ’ C om m ittee and the N egro A m erican La b o r C oun­c il, w ith he lp fro m Loca l 6 o f the IL W U . I t s ta rted in the H u n te r ’s P o in t d is tr ic t w here un em p loy ­m en t in the Negro com m u n ity is estim ated a t 20 per cent. H ere you th gangs and rum b les rece n tly m ade b ig headlines and the p a r­ents o f so-ca lled de linquen ts w ere th rea tened w ith ev ic tion fro m the c ity housing p ro je c t. The citizens o f H u n te r ’s P o in t fee l th a t jobs fo r Negro you th , no t sanctions against th e ir fam ilie s , are the an­sw er to d e lin qu en t gangs, w h ic h breed in an en v iro n m e n t o f po v ­e rty , d is c r im in a tio n and w ides- spread unem p loym ent.

T h is S atu rday, ow ners o f a ll the b ig m arke ts a long T h ird S tree t w ere an x io u s ly w a tc h in g the p ic k ­e t lin e — and the em p ty p a rk in g lo t — in f ro n t o f Super Save. I t is a safe assum ption th a t m any w e n t back to th e ir o ffices to w o rk on a sta tem ent o f po licy , and th a t m ore Negroes w i l l sbon be h ired . T h e ir in i t ia l success is so encouraging th a t the N A L C p lans to spread the cam paign to o the r sections of San F rancisco and e ve n tu a lly con­du c t i t on a c ity -w id e basis.

The B ay V ie w C itizens’ Com ­m ittee and N A L C have ca lled o ff p ic k e tin g a t Super Save fo llo w in g the h ir in g o f a second c le rk .

Negro Bus Boycott Solid in Macon, Ga.

M A C O N , Ga. — A 95 per cent e ffec tive boyco tt o f c ity buses here is undei- w ay. The boyco tt was in s titu te d fo llo w in g re fusa l o f the M acon tra n s it com pany to nego tia te w ith o ff ic ia ls o f the lo ­ca l b ranch o f the N A A C P fo r desegregation o f the buses.

B ranch president, W a lte r E. D avis, and Rev. E. B. Paschal, cha irm an o f the legal redress com ­m ittee , had succeeded in nego tia t­in g fo r e lim in a tio n o f J im C row a t lu nch counters, on the g o lf course and the p u b lic lib ra ry .

A T L A N T A , Feb. 14 — T he S tu ­den t N o n v io le n t C o ord ina ting C om m ittee and the C om m ittee on Appea l fo r H um an R igh ts have asked P res iden t John F. K ennedy to “ im m e d ia te ly investiga te mass arrests o f A tla n ta students. ” T h ir ty - fo u r persons have been a r ­rested here rece n tly in desegrega­tio n dem onstrations.

SNNC and C O A H R m em bers have been p ro te s ting segregation at G rady M em o ria l H osp ita l and in the le g is la tive ga lle ries a t the S tate C a p ito l here. A lth o u g h 85 per cent o f G ra d y ’s pa tien ts are Negroes, the ho sp ita l does n o t le t Negro physic ians jo in its p ro fes­siona l s ta ff. Negroes are ba rred fro m the h o sp ita l’s tw o techn ica l schools, and Negro pa tien ts o ften have to w a it m any hours fo r tre a t­m en t in the segregated c lin ic even though the w h ite c lin ic is a lm ost em pty.

Liberties Group to Seek Repeal of McCarran Act

N EW Y O R K — “ T here is no g rea te r th re a t to o u r con s titu tio n a l r ig h ts than the M cC arran A c t, ” said C orliss L a m o n t in announcing th a t the Em ergency C iv il L ib e rtie s C om m ittee has decided to u n d e r­take a m a jo r cam paign fo r the la w ’s repeal.

“ W e in te n d to challenge the c o n s titu tio n a lity o f those • p ro v i­sions o f the act n o t ye t uphe ld b y the Suprem e C o u rt, ” D r. L a ­m on t said. “ S pe c ifica lly , w e have agreed to take the case o f the V e t­erans o f the A b ra ha m L in c o ln B rigade w h ic h has been ca lled a ‘C o m m u n is t-fro n t’ o rgan iza tion by the S ubvers ive A c t iv it ie s C o n tro l Board. The f in d in g o f the SACB is n o t b in d in g u n t i l uphe ld by the Suprem e C ourt, w h ich has n o t ye t uphe ld those p rov is ions dea ling w ith ‘C om m unis t f ro n t ’ o r ‘Com ­m un is t in f i l t ra te d ’ groups. ”

. . . Dominican Crisis(Continued from Page 1)

( T ru ji l l is ta in fo rm e rs ) m ust be b rough t to tr ia l, b u t these crea­tures con tinue to w a lk the streets o f the tow ns and m any have been helped to flee the coun try , a lw ays w ith the same destina tion : theU n ite d States.

The governm ent has reduced the prices o f some basic necessi­ties — in c lu d in g rice , o il and beans — in an a tte m p t to sa tis fy demands advanced b y the people. I t has prom ised general elections fo r n e x t year, 1963.

W h ile the C ounc il o f State p ro ­ceeds w ith its demagogic methods, the c ry o f the po pu la r masses fo r “ A G overnm en t o f N a tion a l U n ity ” s t i l l m ounts. The economic p ic tu re o f the c o u n try is s im p ly disastrous. The T ru ji l lo s , p ro ­tected b y B a laguer, ca rted o ff (and i t is said the y are s t i l l c a rt­in g ) w h a t l i t t le l iq u id w e a lth the c o u n try had. C onsidering the 500, - 000 unem ployed in a po pu la tio n o f 3. 5 m illio n , a re v o lu tio n is in ­ev ita b le even though i t is against the w ishes o f the U . S. State D e­pa rtm ent.

W hy no t pass th is copy o f The M il ita n t on to a fr ie n d o r shop- m ate and suggest an in tro d u c to ry subscrip tion?

W a lte r Reuther, U n ited A u to ­m ob ile W orkers p res iden t and head o f the A F L -C IO ’s In d u s tr ia l U n ion D epartm ent, has become a ch ie f p ra c titio n e r o f the “ hock- shop” m ethod o f un ion nego tia ­tions. I t w o rks on m uch the same p r in c ip le as the m an w ho tr ies to liv e by pa w n ing his fa m ily ’s accum ulated possessions, f i r s t je w e lry , then s ilve rw a re , then pieces o f fu rn itu re , f in a lly home, c lothes and eve ry th in g . In the end, the re is n o th in g le f t to hock and the m an w in d s up a pauper on re lie f.

T h is is the m ethod R eu the r em ­p loyed m ost rece n tly in the se ttle ­m en t o f the b itte r s ix -w e e k s tr ik e o f 6, 700 m em bers o f U A W Local 5 a t the S tudebaker-P ackard p lan ts in South Bend, Ind iana . We are in fo rm e d by an o ff ic ia l news release fro m the U A W ’s in te rn a ­t io n a l o ffice on Feb. 12 th a t the S tudebaker w o rke rs “ emerged fro m a s ix -w e e k s tr ik e w ith m ost o f th e ir un io n -w o n gains in ta c t. ”

T h is “ doub le-speak, ” trans la ted in to p la in A m erican , means: “ I t was a g rea t v ic to ry , boys. We d id n ’t lose h a rd ly an y th in g . ”

“ Statesmenship”

I t seems nego tia tions were sh ifted to W ashington, fa r fro m the p icke t lines, w here R euthe r pe rsona lly took over the un ion side o f the ta lks . W hen the nego­tia to rs emerged, he had g iven aw ay fiv e m inu tes o f the w o rke rs ’ custom ary 15 -m inu te w ash-up tim e w h ile the com pany abandoned — fo r the tim e be ing — its o th e r demands fo r cuts in vaca tion pay, s h ift p re m ium s and ove rtim e p ro ­vis ions. The s tr ik e had been p re ­c ip ita ted w hen the com pany in ­s titu te d these cuts last Jan. 1.

S tudebaker Lo ca l 5 is one o f the tw o o r th ree oldest chartered locals in the U A W , go ing a ll the w a y back to 1935, before R euthe r was even in the U A W . In the course o f 20 years o f s trugg le up to 1954, L o c a l 5 had accum ulated a lo t o f treasured conditions, in -

(C ontinued fro m Page 1)ference between a “ s trugg le ” and a “ w a r” is a “ lega l” one. )

T he c la im o f b ip a rtisa n support fo r the rea c tion a ry and dangerous V ie tn am p o lic y was q u ic k ly con­firm e d . On Feb. 15 R icha rd N ixo n declared: “ I suppo rt P residentK ennedy to the h i l t and I o n ly hope he w i l l n o t stop the b u ild ­up . . . ”

Senate D em ocra tic m a jo r ity leader M ik e M an s fie ld ch im ed in , add ing tha t, i f an y th in g , too m uch had a lready been disclosed about the a n t i-g u e rr il la w a r.

Those facts w h ich have slipped th rou gh abou t the V ie tn am s itua ­t io n g ive vote-conscious Mansfield

grounds fo r ir r i ta t io n .

Long; “ Struggle”P entagon o ffic ia ls n o w speak of

a long in vo lve m en t in V ie tnam . A n d to ind ica te w h a t th e y mean b y “ lo ng ” they p o in t to the ten - yea r ba ttle o f the B r it is h against g u e rr il la forces in M alaya.

P a r t ic u la r ly dam n ing are the adm issions th a t the rem arkab le m il i ta ry s treng th o f the V ie t Cong derives fro m its po pu la r support. In the Feb. 12 N ewsweek , fo r e x ­am ple, correspondent F ranco is S cu lly described accom panying an a n t i-g u e rr il la n ig h t p a tro l (be fo re the ban on such re p o rtin g ) com ­posed o f V ietnam ese and U . S. “ advisers. ” He reports : “ A s w e ad­vanced the V ietnam ese k e p t as q u ie t as they could, b u t th e ir boots made a d ry , c run ch ing sound in the ric e fie ld s . . . F rom fa rm ­house to farm house, the peasants s igna lled w ith lam ps, re p o rtin g ou r advance. S h o rtly be fore daw n we m et ano the r Ranger com pany. N obody had found any g u e rr illa s . ”

e lud ing the h ighest wages in the auto in d u s try . In 1954, the R euthe r m ach ine pressured Loca l 5 in to accepting wage cuts to b r in g its wages dow n to the lo w e r le ve l o f the G enera l M otors , F o rd and C h rys le r w o rke rs instead o f f ig h t ­in g to ra ise the B ig Three wages to the S tudebaker leve l.

Now S. O. P.R euthe r’s “ hockshop” m ethod o f

paw n ing o ld cherished gains fo r enough im m ed ia te cash ju s t to s tay a live fo r a l i t t le w h ile longer appears to be standard op e ra ting procedure now in the a ff ilia te s o f h is In d u s tr ia l U n ion D epartm ent. T he F e b ru a ry W D B u lle t in re ­po rts th a t un de r the te rm s o f the se ttlem ent o f the Y a le & T ow ne s tr ik e in P h ila de lph ia , A F L -C IO M ach in is ts Lodge 1717 “ was able to re ta in the m a jo r ity o f its past w o rk in g cond itions practices. ”

L ik e U A W Loca l 5, Lodge 1717, w ith a m il ita n t tra d itio n , had en­jo yed cond itions re la t iv e ly su­p e rio r to those o f s im ila r locals o f A lb e r t J. Hayes’ In te rn a tio n a l Associa tion o f M ach in is ts . Lodge 1717 was a th o rn in the side o f the IA M top leadersh ip . The set­tlem e n t th a t was fo rced dow n the th roa ts o f the Lodge 1717 s tr ik e rs inc luded a fo rm u la p e rm itt in g the re ten tion o f 400 s tr ikeb rea ke rs w ho had been b ro u g h t in to re ­place un ion men.

“G ive -A w ay”These w ere no t “ lo s t” s trikes in

the usual sense o f the te rm . The w o rke rs w ere no t beaten by the bosses. In bo th strikes, the w o rk ­ers gave a m il ita n t and honorable account o f them selves. These w e re “ g ive -a w a y ” settlem ents a tta ined by “ hockshop” m ethods used b y the top un ion leaders in co llab o ra ­tio n w ith outs ide governm ent agencies o f the K ennedy ad m in is ­tra tio n . R eu the r has become the m ost system atic exponent o f these m ethods and he has w o rked ou t the “ doub le-speak” fo rm u las to present these be traya ls in a fa v o r­able lig h t.

S cu lly also rebuts the c la im th a t the V ie t Cong bu ild s its s treng th b y “ te rro r iz in g ” the peasants. He quotes an A m erican in Saigon: “ The g u e rr il la fo rce has w on the alleg iance o f the people because i t id e n tifie s w ith the people. ”

Blend InOne U . S. “ no n -co m ba ta n t” a n t i-

g u e rr il la back fro m a p a tro l ex ­p la ins : “ The g u e rr illa s b lend in w ith the people. T hey liv e w ith them , share the same po ve rty , te ll them th e y are fo r the people’s fu tu re happiness. A n d w h a t about o u r side? Y ou don ’t see the s lig h t­est evidence o f governm ent p ro ­paganda except on a fe w m a in roads w here the fa rm e rs don ’t go. I f the V ietnam ese w a n t to keep them selves a cou n try , th e y ’l l have to convince the peasant they can he lp h im . A m ericans can’t do it . O u r w h ite faces are a hand icap . ”

S m a ll w onder P res iden t K e n ­nedy says “ W e are be ing as fra n k as the — as w e can. ”

H allinan W ill Address Lincoln Brigade Rally

N E W Y O R K — The a p p ro x im a ­te ly 1, 000 s u rv iv o rs o f the 3, 200 A m e rica n vo lun tee rs w h o fough t on the side o f R epub lican Spain against the fasc is t reb e llio n oi Franco, are com m em ora ting the 25th a n n ive rsa ry o f the found ing o f the L in c o ln B rigade.

V in cen t H a llin a n , 1952 P rogres­sive P a rty p re s id en tia l candidate, w i l l f ly here fro m San Franciscc to p a rtic ip a te . T he com m em ora­tio n w i l l be he ld a t P a lm Gardens, 306 W est 52nd St., Sunday, Feb 25, a t 2 p. m.

. . . U. S. W ar in Vietnam

Monday, February 26, 1962 T H E M IL IT A N T Page Thre«

...In terview W ith Travis Brittt h e MILITANT

Editor: JOSEPH H A N S E N M anaging Editor: G EO RO E L A V A N Business Manager: K AR O L.YN K E R R Y

Published w eekly , except fo r omission of fiv e summer issues, by The M ilita n t Publishing Ass’n., 116 U niversity PL, N ew Y ork 3, N .Y . Phone CH 3-2140. Second- class postage paid at N ew Y ork , N .Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilita n t’s views. These are expressed in editorials.

V o l. 26 - N o . 9 - ^ ^ 3 4 5 M o n d a y , F e b ru a ry 26, 1962

Rally Against the Ultra-RightN e w Y o r k ’s M a d is o n S q u a re G a rd e n w i l l be th e scene o f a

h a te - fe s t on th e e v e n in g o f M a rc h 7. T h e G a rd e n has been re n te d b y th e s o -c a lle d “ Y o u n g A m e r ic a n s fo r F re e d o m ,” an a rm o f th e u l t r a - r e a c t io n a r y B a r r y G o ld w a te r m o v e m e n t.

Som e o f th e m o s t re a c tio n a ry an d fa s c is t f ig u re s in th e c o u n - t r y w i l l a d o rn th e p la t fo rm a t th e r a l ly w h ic h is a p p a re n t ly in ­te n d e d to g iv e n e w ju ic e to th e u l t r a - r ig h t d r iv e fo r th e re s u m p ­t io n o f n u c le a r tests, th e sm ea r ca m p a ig n a g a in s t c iv i l l ib e r t ie s , o rg a n iz e d la b o r an d th e N e g ro peop le .

C le a r ly , i t is a lso hoped th a t th e r a l ly w i l l h e lp to in t im id a te a l l those w h o ta k e th e ir s ta n d on th e s ide o f soc ia l p rogress .

S uch a r a l ly s h o u ld n o t go b y u n n o tic e d , p a r t ic u la r ly s ince i t is th is g a n g ’s f i r s t e f fo r t a t a m a jo r sh o w o f fo rc e in th e c ity th a t has t r a d i t io n a l ly been th e c e n te r o f th e c o u n t r y ’s l ib e r a l a n d ra d ic a l m o v e m e n t.

C o n s e q u e n tly , w e a re g r a t i f ie d th a t tho se w h o re p re s e n t th e re a l s e n tim e n ts o f th e g re a t m a jo r i t y o f N e w Y o r k ’s y o u n g pe o ­p le — fd r peace, c iv i l l ib e r t ie s , c iv i l r ig h ts a n d th e r ig h ts o f la b o r — a re o rg a n iz in g th e ir fo rce s to d e m o n s tra te th a t th e y w i l l n o t be in t im id a te d b y these e m b ry o n ic s to rm tro o p e rs .

A Y o u th O rg a n iz in g C o m m itte e A g a in s t th e U l t r a - R ig h t R a lly has issued a c a l l to a l l y o u n g pe op le , la b o r, c iv i l - l ib e r t ie s and c iv i l - r ig h t s o rg a n iz a tio n s in th e area to tu r n o u t fo r a p ro te s t p ic k e t l in e in f r o n t o f M a d is o n S q u a re G a rd e n th e n ig h t o f th e “ Y A F ” show . W e ho pe the i-e w i l l be a b ig tu r n o u t th a t w i l l m a ke c le a r th a t th e re ’s no m a rk e t fo r u l t r a - r ig h t po ison am o ng th e y o u n g pe op le o f N e w Y o rk .

An Invite to Robert KennedyL a s t w e e k w h e n he w as to u r in g Jap an , A t to rn e y G e n e ra l

R o b e r t K e n n e d y w as “ s tood u p ” b y seven c o m m u n is t s tu d e n ts . T h e y sa id th e y d id n ’ t w a n t to a p p e a r fo r ta lk s w i th an “ im p e r ia l­is t . ” K e n n e d y e xp resse d re g re t a t th is b ro k e n da te .

N o w K e n n e d y has a chance to ta lk to a C o m m u n is t. Jam es E. Jackso n , e d ito r o f th e W o rk e r , cab le d an in v ita t io n to a p p e a r w i th h im b e fo re th e N a t io n a l P ress C lu b in W a s h in g to n , D .C ., to d iscuss f re e d o m o f th e press.

T h ro u g h o u t h is t r ip K e n n e d y has been e x to l l in g th e “ v a lu e o f f re e an d open so c ie tie s .” A l l a lo n g h is ro u te h e has been la v is h w i th re m a rk s a b o u t th e A m e r ic a n W a y o f L i fe , f re e press and A m e r ic a n s ’ r ig h t to d is s e n t w i th o u t fe a r o f p e rs e c u tio n .

J a c k s o n ’s c a b le g ra m q u e s tio n e d th e v e ra c ity o f K e n n e d y ’s s ta te m e n ts . H e c ite d th e fa c t th a t n e w s p a p e rm e n , s ta f f m e m b e rs o f th e W o rk e r , ha d ju s t been subpoenaed b y th e D e p a r tm e n t o f J u s tic e w h ic h K e n n e d y heads. “ I m y s e lf am b e in g fo rc e d to a p p e a r in sec re t, s ta r -c h a m b e r p ro ce e d in g s . . w ire d Jackson . A s to a n y chances he m ig h t h a v e ha d to m e e t K e n n e d y ab roa d , Jackso n re m in d e d th e A t to r n e y G e n e ra l th a t i f he m e re ly a p p lie d fo r a pa ssp o rt, “ . . . y o u w o u ld o rd e r m e a rre s te d an d p ro se cu te d u n d e r th e M c C a rra n la w . ”

K e n n e d y ’s D e p a r tm e n t o f J u s t ic e w as f u r th e r accused b y th e W o rk e r e d ito r o f a t te m p tin g to “ d e s tro y th e W o rk e r th ro u g h th e ‘la b e lin g ’ p ro v is io n o f th e M c C a rra n A c t . ”

Y o u w a n t to d e b a te p u b l ic ly w i th d issen te rs , M r . K e n n e d y ? H e re ’s y o u r chance in th e c lim a te o f y o u r o w n “ fre e an d open s o c ie ty .” A n d m a y w e “ f u l l y exp ress o u rs e lv e s ” an d second J a c k ­son ’s in v ita t io n .

. . . Steel Leaders Drop Demand(Continued from Page 1)

re ta ry o f L a b o r — has been push­in g the p ropos ition th a t un ions should n o t dem and increases g rea te r than th ree per cent a year. T here is eve ry in d ica tio n th a t M c ­D ona ld is ready to settle fo r a wage and fr in g e “ package” w e ll w i th in th a t figu re , w h ic h in steel w o u ld mean abou t 10 o r 12 cents an hour.

A cco rd in g to governm ent f ig ­ures, wages in basic steel now average $3.28 an h o u r b u t m any basic s tee lw orkers get o n ly $2.28 and o ften w o rk sho rt w o rk weeks w ith o u t a fu l l w eek ’s pay.

M cD ona ld has been ho ld in g de­ta ile d discussions in p r iv a te w ith G o ldbe rg and o ffic ia ls o f the co r­po ra tions fo r some tim e, b u t fo r the ranks, the u n io n ’s demands are k e p t vague. T hey center around “ jo b secu rity ,” w h ic h in ­cludes: im p roved s e n io r ity fo rlo n g -te rm employees, m ore sup­p lem e n ta ry unem p loym ent bene-

fits , p re fe re n tia l h ir in g r ig h ts at new p lan ts fo r w o rke rs la id o f f at o ld ones, and lim ita t io n s on the co n tra c tin g ou t o f jobs.

Im p o rta n t as these demands are fo r h igh se n io r ity w orkers , they do n o t p ro v id e an increase in jobs. Y ounger w o rke rs w i l l con tinue to be la id o f f and no p ro v is io n is made fo r y o u th com ing in to the la bo r force.

The average nu m be r o f w o rke rs in the iro n and steel in d u s try dropped by 48,000 d u r in g 1961, accord ing to a Feb. 7 re p o rt o f the A m erican Iro n and Steel In ­s titu te . A s a resu lt, the to ta l pay­r o l l fo r the in d u s try dropped de­sp ite a s lig h t increase in the ave r­age wage. The to ta l p a y ro ll was $3.7 b i l l io n in 1961 and $3.8 b i l ­lio n in 1960. Average wages in the basic steel in d u s try are the h ig h ­est o f a ll basic industries . Wages in steel, however, have increased less pe r yea r d u r in g the past three years than in the p rev ious 17 years.

(Continued from Page 1)the s it- in s and Freedom Rides, was the youngest at 18. I was the oldest.

“ M ost were Southerners and a ll except Bob Z e ln ick , a w h ite Southerner, w ere Negroes. Bob Moses was a leader, and so was Charles M cDew. H e was ve ry qu ick and an in te lle c tu a l. He cou ld n ’t seem to pass by an act o f in ju s tic e w ith o u t do ing some­th in g about it.

“ Bob Moses had a lready been arrested w hen I a rrive d . He had taken th ree loca l Negroes to the re g is tra r ’s o ffice in L ib e r ty , in the a d jo in in g county, and was stopped on the road by police. T hey asked h im i f he was ‘the n igger th a t came dow n fro m N ew Y o rk to s t ir up a lo t o f tro u b le .’ He an­swered, ‘ I ’m the Negro w ho came dow n fro m N ew Y o rk to in s tru c t people in vo te r reg is tra tio n .’ So the y took h im in and fin e d h im $50 fo r ‘ in te r fe r in g w ith an o f­f ic e r ’ o r some such th ing . He stayed in ja i l ra th e r than pay the f in e .”

W hat was the reception from the local Negroes?

“ T hey had no t expected us, e x ­cept the ones w h o had been in contact before. A n d yet, they d id expect us. T hey w ere sort o f w a it ­in g fo r the in ev itab le . They kne w the freedom struggles w ere b re ak ­in g ou t a ll around, and the y knew i t w o u ld come to M cCom b some day, b u t w hen the y saw th is group o f w e ll-d ressed Negroes, a- lo t o f them w ere scared.

“ I t w e n t s low at f irs t. O u r in ­s tru c tio n classes had been set up in the M asonic tem p le in McCom b, and w c w e n t kno ck in g on doors asking people to attend. W e had the door slam m ed in ou r faces sometimes, and w e ta lke d to peo­p le w ho w ere v e ry fr igh te ne d .

“ The w h ites tr ie d eve ry th in g they cou ld th in k o f to get us ou t o f the re as q u ic k ly as possible, b u t n o th in g w o rked .”

Did you have any help from the local Negroes?

“ Yes, a lo t o f them he lped on the qu ie t. A v e ry fe w open ly at f ir s t . One was a sm a ll business­man. H e was m ak ing m oney and re a lly com ing up fa s t in the w o r ld o f M ississipp i. One day he came- in and to ld us po lice o ffice rs had caught h im on a d ir t road one n ig h t and to ld h im the y w anted to k i l l h im anyw ay, and i f he d id n ’t stop assisting SNCC the y w o u ld close up e ve ry th in g he owned, b u rn h is house and k i l l h im .

“ He had to stop com ing around then because he kne w the y w e re n ’t k id d in g .

“ A n o th e r one w ho he lped open ly was H e rb e rt Lee. H e was a fa rm e r, about 50 years o ld, and v e ry m ilita n t. He owned his fa rm and a tru c k and equ ipm en t and a car. H e had been ta lk in g about Negroes vo tin g long be fore we got there. He po in ted ou t people fo r us to in v ite to the classes, and took us around to w here they liv e d and fu rn ishe d us gas and le t us use h is car. The w h ite peo­p le p u t h im on a lis t ca lled ‘the e ra d ica tion ’ l is t and c u t o f f h is c red it. B u t M r. H e rb e rt Lee w o u ld n ’t scare.”

W hat did you teach at the classes?

“ W e tau gh t the C o ns titu tio n o f M iss iss ipp i and how to pass the test the y gave w hen Negroes w e n t to become voters. W h ite people cou ld pass i t easily. B u t they a lw ays asked Negroes m uch m ore d i f f ic u lt questions so the y p rac­t ic a l ly had to be la w yers before go ing to the re g is tra r ’s office .

“ Then there w ere the h ig h - school kids. W e w e ren ’t too m uch in te rested in them a t the beg in­n ing , since they w e ren ’t o ld enough to vote. B u t i t was sum ­m er vaca tion and the y came a round eve ry day, w a n tin g to he lp and le a rn a ll abou t the s trugg le and f in d o u t w h a t ro le the y could

T ra v is B r it t

play. So they were tau gh t non­v io le n t d ire c t action. -A nd they he lped us beat the bushes, f in d ­in g o lde r people w ho w o u ld reg is­te r, and showed us-around.

“ The young people had no fea r w hatsoever. The ones w ho d id not p a rtic ip a te w ere k e p t aw ay by th e ir parents. T hey w o u ld come in and say: ‘M y m o the r wasthrea tened yeste rday to be fire d fro m her job , so I can’t do an y ­th in g openly, b u t a n y th in g else I can do, le t me k n o w .’ Some w ou ld de fy th e ir paren ts ’ orders. Some w ere even beaten by th e ir p a r­ents.

“ H a v in g those k id s around led to d ire c t action. O n A ugust 26, I be lieve, tw o o f them — E lm er Hayes and H o llis W a tk ins — tr ie d to desegregate the W oo lw o rth store in M cCom b. T hey w ere sen­tenced to 30 days in ja il.

“ A fe w days la te r, th ree m ore sat in a t the lu nch coun te r a t the G reyhound Bus sta tion. They were also ja ile d . One o f them was Brenda T rav is , w ho was o n ly 15 o r 16 years old. The local w h ites w ere so an g ry the y tr ie d to lie about i t be ing loca l students in ­vo lved . B u t those w ere the f irs t s it- in s in the M iss iss ipp i D e lta reg ion and loca l Negroes d id it.

“ So the v o te rs -re g is tra tio n p ro j­ect and the classes had become a com b ina tion — the M iss iss ipp i C o ns titu tio n fo r the adu lts and d ire c t-a c tio n techniques fo r the k ids. P ersona lly . I was w a ry about the d ire c t action, because we w e ren ’t equipped to take care o f a l l the tro u b le the k id s could get in to , b u t there was no h o ld ing them back. A n d the vote rs reg is­tra t io n was v e ry fru s tra t in g .”

H ow successful were you in get­ting Negroes registered to vote?

“ In P ike county, w here M c­Com b is located, w e got a few reg istered. In W a lth a ll county, q u ite a fe w people w en t dow n bu t the re g is tra r w o u ld n ’t pass any o f them . In L ib e rty , in A m ite county, we w e ren ’t ab le to get m any peo­ple to try , because o f the v io lence.

“ On A ugust 29 Bob Moses was accom panying some people to the re g is tra r ’s o ffic e w hen he was beaten on the head w ith a piece o f m e ta l by the s h e r if f ’s cousin, B i l ly Jack Caston, in L ib e rty .

“ Moses pressed charges against Caston and I can t r u th fu l ly say th is was the f ir s t tim e any Negro had ever pressed charges against any w h ite person in th is county fo r anything'.

“ O f course, a t the t r ia l Caston was acqu itted . B u t they s t i l l feared Moses fo r th is. They cou ld n ’t u n ­derstand how any Negro could have so m uch nerve.

“ The n e x t one to get h it was me, on Sept. 5 in L ib e r ty . T hen John H a rd y took some people to the re g is tra r ’s o ffice in W a lth a ll cou n ty Sept. 7. The re g is tra r to ld h im he w o u ld n ’t take any m ore Negroes because the re was a lready a fed e ra l co u rt case against h im fo r no t passing them before. W hen H a rd y objected, the re g is tra r pu lle d a gun and ordered h im

out. H a rd y tu rne d to leave and the re g is tra r h i t h im on the head w ith the p is to l. T he people w ho had come to reg is te r — a couple in th e ir 50s and v e ry m il ita n t fo r th a t age — helped h im to the s idew a lk.

“ Then the po lice arrested H a rd y r ig h t there. H e had to . pay fo r m ed ica l tre a tm e n t in the ja i l h im ­self. L a te r the fed e ra l A tto rn e y G enera l’s o ffic e got us an in ju n c ­tio n b u t the re g is tra r was never arrested.”

How w ere you attacked?

“ I was a t the o ffic e in L ib e r ty w ith Bob Moses and some people w ho w anted to reg is ter. I got. separated fro m the others and be­h in d the b u ild in g I was su rro un d ­ed by a r in g o f w h ite people. I l i t a c igare tte . One o f them came up to me and said: ‘Boy, w h a t’s y o u r business?’ I said, ‘I don’t have a business.’ A nd he h i t me in the eye.

“ I stood the re cou n tin g the b lows. I got woozy b u t I th in k he h i t me 18 tim es. B ob Moses ca lled to m e to cover up, and I d id. One o f the crow d ye lled o u t ‘W h y don ’t you h it h im back, n ig ­ger?’ B u t I d id n ’ t. The m an tr ie d to th ro w me, b u t I k e p t on m y fe e t. I f I ’d gone down, th e y ’d have been on me w ith k icks in the face. A nd fo r G od’s sake, don’t t r y to ru n in a s itu a tio n lik e tha t because then they a ll t r y to get you.

“ B u t ju s t by me stand ing there, the m an fe lt a l i t t le ashamed of h im se lf. T hey have the idea th a t we are o n ly the re because we w ere ‘pa id ag ita to rs ’ b u t I am sure the y saw I was sincere abou t w a n tin g to he lp m y people dow n in M ississipp i.

"F in a lly , he stopped and I got in to a fr ie n d ’s ca r and we drove back to M cCom b w here I got m ed­ica l care.”

W hy didn’t you h it back?“ I f I had, I am sure I cou ld

have licked the fe llo w w ho was beating me b u t I w o u ld have been lynched b y the others. They w ere w a it in g fo r me to do som eth ing lik e tha t. I ’m no t opposed to peo­p le p ro te c ting them selves b u t we have to use good ju dg m en t. N o w in R obe rt W ill ia m ’s case, I cer­ta in ly don’t ob jec t to h is f i r in g in to the a ir to scare o f f some K lansm en. B u t the s itu a tio n was d iffe re n t the re in M iss iss ipp i.”

W hat about the argument tha4 you shouldn’t put yourself into a position where you can’t defend yourself?

“ W e ll, I d id n ’t kn o w th is s itu a ­tio n was go ing to come up ju s t th a t way. I f I had, I ’d have done som eth ing — ca lled the Justice D e pa rtm en t and ins is ted on ha v­in g w itnesses there , o r som ething. B u t i f you are go ing to avo id troub le u n t i l you abso lu te ly kn o w you are ready to hand le it , you aren ’t go ing to get s tarted .

“ A n d som eth ing had go tten started dow n there, be lieve me. I t came to a head a fte r the fa rm e r w ho helped us — M r. H e rb e rt Lee — was m urde red .”

(Coninued next week)

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Page. Four T H E M IL IT A N T Monday, February 26, 1962

Letters From Our ReadersA P A M P H L E T R E V I E W

Is Your Brain Outmoded?C y b e r n a t i o n : T h e S i l e n t C o n ­

q u e s t . B y D ona ld N . M ichae l. 46 pp. A R epo rt to the C enter fo r the S tudy o f D em ocra tic In ­s titu tio ns , B ox 4068, Santa B a r­bara, C a lif. Pub lished by The F und fo r the R epub lic .

Perhaps second o n ly to the 3om b, the s ing le th in g m ost feared b y m illio n s is the th re a t o f jo b Loss th rou gh au tom ation . A n d i f th is w asn’t bad enough, a new developm ent is re v o lu tio n iz in g au tom ation and is a hundred tim es m ore fr ig h te n in g — i f th a t’s pos­sib le . T he s c ie n tific te rm g iven th is new deve lopm ent is cybe rna ­tion , w h ic h is the vast im p ro v e ­m en t o f au tom ation and even the au tom ation o f au tom ation . The m a in d iffe re nce between au tom a­tion and cybe rna tion is the ex ten ­sion o f au tom ation to the u t il iz a ­tion o f (and even im p rovem en t on) the hum an b ra in in the fo rm o f com puters o r “ th in k in g m a­chines. ”

T h is l i t t le book le t is packed w ith a tom ic-age dynam ite . A glance a t the sou rce-m a te ria l headings ind ica tes some o f the fr ig h te n in g im p lica tio n s o f cybe r­na tion : '’ C a llin g A l l Jobs, ” “ W hen Machines H ave Jobs — A n d W o rk ­ers Do N o t, ” “ The A u to m a tion Jobless, ” “ N o t F ired , Jus t N o t H ire d , ” “ Less W o rk — Less L e i­sure, ” and, iro n ic a lly enough, “ D a ta R e trie ve r to H e lp the C IA F in d One Page in M illio n s in O n ly a F ew Seconds. ” (O n Cuba, no do ub t. )

C yberna tion w i l l a ffe c t no t ju s t the w orke rs , b u t eve ry class in society. H a rdest h i t w i l l be w h ite - c o lla r w orkers , managers, fo re ­men, sm a ll businessmen, s k ille d w o rke rs and even pro fessional men. These “ th in k in g m achines, ” the pa m ph le t reports, sup p ly “ d i­rections fo r e ve ry th in g fro m fin d in g the cube ro o t o f a num ber to design ing a b rid g e — and m uch o f the w o rk o f doctors and la w ­yers (and teachers) cou ld be done by com puters. ”

H ere a re o th e r exam ples o f the extent to w h ic h cybe rna tion m ay a ffec t w h ite -c o lla r w orke rs :

“ The R. H . M acy Co. is t ry in g ou t its f i r s t e lec tron ic sales g ir l. T h is m achine is sm art enough to dispense 36 d iffe re n t item s in ten separate styles and sizes. I t ac­cepts one and f iv e d o lla r b ills in ad d itio n to coins and re tu rn s change, p lus re je c tin g c o u n te rfe it cu rre ncy . ”

“ The U . S. Census B ureau was able to use 50 s ta tis tic ians in 1960 to do the tabu la tions th a t req u ire d 4, 100 in 1950. ”

Nothing- Scares H im — Speaking a t a h a s tily sum m oned press con­ference a t the Saigon a irp o rt in V ie tn am Feb. 18. A tto rn e y G en­e ra l R obe rt K ennedy declared: ‘ •We are go ing to w in in V ie tnam . We w i l l rem a in here u n t i l w e do. ” A New Y o rk T im es d ispatch added: “ M r. K ennedy d id no t leave the h e a v ily guarded fie ld d u r in g a tw o -h o u r stop. . . He said he w ished he cou ld have stayed longer. ”

“Free W orld” Report — TheSouth K orean m il i ta r y d ic ta to r­ship, w h ic h en joys W ash ing ton ’s w a rm support, has sentenced 20 ttiem bers o f the S oc ia lis t P a rty to prison te rm s ran g ing up to 15 years fo r “ p ro -C om m u n is t” a c tiv ­ity . They were convicted o f h e lp ­ing the C om m unists b y advocat­ing an exchange o f v is its between the tw o K oreas and fo r opposing ih e governm ent’s b ru ta l c ra ck ­do w n on “ com m un is t” ac tiv ities .

Deadly New Secret Weapon — “ Radio L ib e r ty , ” w h ic h beams c o ld -w a r propaganda in to the USSR, is p la n n in g to rock the So­v ie t people w ith a devious new assault. The sta tion has slated a p r r ^ ra m devoted to the “ tw is t”

Countless o ther exam ples add up to the same re su lt — trem en ­dously increased p ro du c tion w ith the use o f fa r few e r w orkers.

W h a t so lu tions does the au tho r propose fo r the p rob lem o f the rep lacem ent o f m en by machines? F o r one, re tra in in g and education by p r iv a te in d u s try and govern­m ent. B u t, he notes, “ m anagem ent has no t a lw ays been w i l l in g to in s titu te re tra in in g program s. Peo­p le are e ith e r f ire d o u tr ig h t in some cases or, m ore often, s im p ly no t reh ired a fte r a la y o ff. ”

As fo r governm ent, “ The C a li­fo rn ia S m ith -C o llie r A c t R e tra in ­in g P rog ram d rew o n ly 100 ap­p lican ts in s ix m onths. ”

He then asks: “ Is the re a jo b w a it in g fo r them w hen they have been re tra in e d ? ” A nd . the answer im p lie d in the v e ry question is — No.

O th e r proposed so lu tions are c ited : e a r lie r re tire m e n t, b ir thcon tro l, huge p u b lic -w o rk s p ro ­gram s and (be lieve i t o r n o t) “ e x ­p o r t b lu e - and w h ite -c o lla r w o rk ­ers and th e ir fa m ilie s to nations need ing th e ir ta len ts. ” (A piece­w o rk corps, perhaps? )

T h is book le t devotes m ost o f its

(Continued from Page 1)8, 000 students to W ashington. T hey w ere b ro u g h t the re b y th e ir deep and genuine suppo rt o f th a t p a r t o f the T u rn T ow a rd Peace p o lic y s ta tem ent w h ic h asked the ad m in is tra tio n no t to resum e n u ­c lear tes ting in the atm osphere and to a d m it open ly the useless­ness o f c iv i l defense as pro tec tion against nuc lea r w a r. T hey were the re to p ro tes t the w a r po lic ies o f the A d m in is tra tio n .

A le a fle t o f the Y oung S ocia lis t A llia n c e ha iled the dem onstra tion “ as a rea l step fo rw a rd . ” I t sug­gested th a t the c o -o rd in a tin g groups and others in te rested in peace adopt as p a r t o f th e ir p ro ­g ram the idea o f le tt in g the people decide a ll questions o f w a r th rough a re fe rendum vote. I t ca lled fo r rem o v in g the w a r-m a k in g pow er fro m th e hands o f the go ve rn ­m en t “ th a t is m a rch in g th a t coun­t r y dow n the road o f W o rld W ar I I I in secrecy and w ith o u t con­su ltin g the people. ” The sta tem ent was c a re fu lly read b y m any o f the students and the re was an en­courag ing am ount o f agreem ent w ith it .

D u r in g the tw o -d a y dem onstra­tio n the m archers p icke ted the W h ite House, m arched in a m ile -

craze “ fo r the b e ne fit o f the m any iso la ted S ov ie t c itizens w ho are bored o r depressed ove r th e ir iso lated, reg im ented existence. ”

No Socialist Cab Drivers —B a ltim o re C ity Judge D u laney Foster uphe ld a 1960 c ity ru lin g deny ing a tax ica b op era to r’s p e r­m it to A . R obe rt K a u fm a n o f the Y oung S oc ia lis t A llia n ce . The judge cited K a u fm a n ’s record as a “ co n tro ve rs ia l” f ig u re and his arrests in connection w ith e ffo rts to d is tr ib u te soc ia lis t lite ra tu re . N o tin g th a t cab d rive rs come in con tact w ith m any people and re ­c a llin g K a u fm a n ’s “ p ro pe ns ity ” fo r im p a rt in g h is be lie fs to others, the judge said the c ity could p ro p e r ly take such fac to rs in to account in w e igh in g the ap p lica ­tion .

Progress Report — “ The la test im p rovem e n t fo r l i fe in a fa m ily fa llo u t she lte r is a s im ulated, o r fake , w in d o w fo r the she lte r w a ll w h ic h g low s to g ive the illu s io n o f o u t-o f-d o o rs s u n lig h t. ” — The Feb. 13 B a ltim o re Sun.

M ight G ive Us a M ajo rity — In a Feb. 16 New Y o rk T im es in ­te rv ie w , a d ve rtis ing executive

a tten tion to the e ffe c t o f the new au tom ation on the w h ite -c o lla r w o rke rs and the m id d le class gen­e ra lly . B u t the im p lica tio n s are also obvious fo r in d u s tr ia l w o rk ­ers, fa rm ers and those w ho are the hardest h it by au tom ation — Negroes and o lde r w orkers.

A cco rd in g to the au thor, “ The dependab ilities and po ten tia lit ie s o f these devices are u n lim ite d . They c c rta in ly con ta in e x tra o r­d in a ry im p lica tio n s fo r the em an­c ipa tion and enslavem ent o f m an­k in d . ”

To m e the a lte rna tives are c lear enough. The past record o f c a p ita l­ism dem onstrates th a t in an econ­om y based on p ro du c tion fo r p ro fit, w here hum an needs come last, cybe rna tion can mean the th re a t the book le t indiqates. B u t in a p lanned soc ia lis t society based upon p roduc tion fo r use, w here hum an needs come f irs t , the m arch o f science can mean eco­nom ic secu rity , freedom fro m drudgery , g ian t leaps in the stand­ard o f liv in g , and a c u ltu ra l le ve l undream ed o f unde r cap ita lism . In sho rt — the em ancipation o f m an­k in d .

Ed Beecher

long lin e to A r lin g to n Cem etery and massed a t a ra l ly to hear So­c ia lis t P a rty -S o c ia l D em ocra tic F edera tion leader N o rm an T hom ­as, E m il Mazey, U n ite d A u to W orke rs o ff ic ia l, and severa l s tu ­dents. One speaker, a H o w ard U n iv e rs ity s tudent, u rged th a t the f ig h t against w a r be u n ite d w ith the f ig h t against racism .

W h ile the thousands o f s tu ­dents p icke ted fo r peace in fro n t o f the W h ite House, 76 o f B a rry G o ldw a te r’s “ Y oung A m ericans fo r F reedom ” p icketed a t the T reasu ry . T hey had such signs as “ A Test a D ay Keeps the Rus­sians A w a y . ” One Y A F p icke te r said “ The cops lik e us m uch be t­te r . ”

T w o young N ew Y o rke rs were a rrested and convic ted fo r d iso r­d e rly conduct. They w ere arrested w hen the y photographed a u n i­fo rm ed so ld ie r w ho la y p ros tra te on the pavem ent. The so ld ie r had refused to y ie ld to po lice w ho dragged h im o f f the p icke t line .

Co ld and sleepy, the dem onstra­to rs re tu rn e d home, heartened b y the know ledge th a t they had made a m ea n ing fu l co n trib u tio n to the beg inn ing o f a vast m ob iliza tio n o f the young people o f A m erica in the f ig h t fo r a peacefu l w o rld .

D a v id O g ilv y said th a t ad men “ are do ing them selves and th e ir business grave ha rm b y ca llin g a ll c r it ic s o f a d ve rtis ing socialists and enemies o f free en te rp rise . ”

Oops! — A fu e l-o i l d e liv e ry tru c k pu lle d up a t a hom e in W inston -S a lem , N . C., to. m ake a de live ry . The d r iv e r p u t the noz­z le o f the hose in to a p ipe p ro ­t ru d in g fro m the g round alongside the house. F in a lly no tic in g the absence o f the custom ary gu rg le as the o il gushed in to the tan k he checked and discovered the p ipe was an a ir exhaust fro m the fa m ily fa llo u t shelter.

Southern L a w Enforcement —A cco rd in g to a survey on “ Police R estric tions in the S ou th ” by P ro f. E ll io t M . R u d w ic k o f S outhern I l l in o is U n iv e rs ity the re are o n ly 82 c itie s and tow ns in the South th a t in c lud e Negroes on th e ir po­lice forces. There are b u t three such m u n ic ip a lit ie s in A labam a and none in Lou is iana o r M iss is­s ipp i. O f the 82 places w here the re are Negro cops, o n ly 19 p e rm it them to a rres t w h ites on any charge and in f iv e m ore they can a rres t a w h ite o n ly on a fe lo n y charge.

Monkey LifeP ittsbu rgh , Pa.

I see by the papers th a t the gov­ernm en t gave a g ra n t o f $1, 201, 000 to s tudy m onkeys’ love fo r th e ir m others.

These guys have sure ly flip p e d th e ir lids . M aybe they fig u re they have made m onkeys ou t o f the people so long tha t now the y w a n t to f in d ou t w h a t makes them tic k .

A lso, accord ing to another re ­po rt, Secre tary o f L a b o r G oldberg w an ts to stay in the act so he made a speech abou t ra is in g the ta x de­duc tion l im it so the m illio n a ire s w i l l c o n trib u te m ore fo r “ c u ltu re . ” Y ou and I k n o w w here the m oney fo r th is c u ltu re w o u ld come fro m — the w o rke rs ’ pay envelope.

The S tee lw o rke rs ’ nego tia ting com m ittee is m ee ting here today on the new con tract. N ow w o u ld be the tim e fo r the 30 -hou r w eek a t 40-hours pay to become a re a l­ity , b u t M cD ona ld is n o t push ing fo r it . Oh yes, he ta lks about it , b u t in the fu tu re .

M cD ona ld is G o ldbe rg ’s m onkey and G o ldberg is p u llin g the strings.

W atch, you w i l l see the steel­w o rke rs tossed a few crum bs w h ile D avey B oy and G oldberg eat the cake.

B. M .

About Max LernerN ew Y o rk , N. Y .

M a x L e m e r w ro te a co lum n in the Feb. 19 N ew Y o rk Post about the F rench C om m unis t dem onstra­tio n against O AS te rro r in w h ich e ig h t people w e re k il le d b y De G a u lle ’s po lice. L e rn e r described the dem onstra tion as “ fu t i le r io ts ” and said in e ffec t th a t De G au lle had the s itua tion w e ll in hand u n ­t i l the CP rocked the boat and th a t the O AS now has an excuse fo r m ore bom bings and a ta rge t — the Com m unists.

B u t fa r worse, accord ing to L e r ­ner, is th a t students, jo u rn a lis ts , un ion is ts , backers o f M endes- France and governm ent c le rks supported these dem onstra tions. “ W ha t blindness has s tru ck them . ” L e m e r w a ils . “ H o w s tup id can the non-C om m un is ts get? ” he asks.

L e m e r had h igh pra ise fo r G uy M o lle t and his S oc ia lis t P a rty fo r re fu s in g to en te r in to a “ po pu la r fro n t” w ith the C om m unists. B u t the n e x t day, G uy M o lle t (a F rench M a x L e rn e r) became “ s tu ­p id , ” a lb e it un de r th e ’ pressure o f the S ocia lis t w o rkers , and jo ine d in a dem onstra tion w ith the Com ­m un is ts and others.

Since th a t g ia n t dem onstra tion the w ho le w o r ld know s how “ fu t i le ” such actions are and how “ s tu p id ” the F rench non-C om ­m un ists got.

F o r m e the question is, how s tup id can o u r lib e ra ls get and s t i l l get aw ay w ith it?

E. B.

W h y Marx W as RightB a ld w in P ark , C a lif.

A fr ie n d o f m ine w ho is a so­c ia lis t o f the re fo rm is t type asked me w h y , in v ie w o f the Russian experience, I tho ugh t we w o u ld a tta in socia lism unde r the theories o f M a rx .

I po in ted o u t to h im th a t since the tim e o f S ta lin the S oviet lead­ers had n o t adhered to the theories o f M a rx ism and th a t as fa r as I can understand the y have a de­fo rm ed w o rke rs ’ state w ith b u ­reaucra tic cen tra lism . They also have n o t adhered to a M a rx is t re v o lu tio n a ry p o licy abroad.

H is to r ic a l developm ents, fro m the P aris Com m une o f 1871 to the

Cuban R evo lu tion , have proven the theories o f M a rx w ere correct. The basic the o ry is the need to abolish the c a p ita lis t state and re ­place i t w ith a w o rke rs ’ state w h ich , accord ing to M a rx , f in a lly w ith e rs aw ay. T h is cannot be ac­com plished Unless a m a jo r ity o f the w o rke rs are fo r it .' The C uban R evo lu tion d id abo l­

ish the old state m ach inery , set up w o rk e rs ’ m ilit ia s and na tiona lized in d u s try . I hope i t w i l l also soon set up w o rke rs ’ councils.

I be lieve the 26th o f J u ly m ove­m en t had m any in te lle c tu a l and m idd le -c lass people. W ith o u t them the Cuban R evo lu tion w o u ld n ’t be w here i t is today. A n d w ith ­ou t the w o rke rs i t w o u ld n ’t be w here i t is e ithe r. I f the w o rke rs and peasants hadn ’t go tten beh ind the re vo lu tio n Castro w o u ld s t i l l be in the m ounta ins. Today i t is the w o rke rs and peasants w h o are ex te nd ing the re v o lu tio n — the pe rm anent re vo lu tio n , as T ro ts k y ca lled it.

I recom m ended the s tud y o f State and R evo lu tion , by Len in .

G. W . V .

Change O ur Name?A k ro n , O h io

I t seems to me th a t one o f the objects o f the ■ paper, besides in ­fo rm a tio n , is to see th a t as m any people as possib le see i t and b u y it .

O utside o f the ra d ica l elem ents w ho are a lready fa m il ia r w ith the name, “ M il i ta n t , ” how m any peo­p le kn o w w h a t The M il ita n t is? I t ’s a good name, b u t i t ’s n o t a se llin g po in t. W h y no t change the nam e to ( fo r instance) “ The So­c ia lis t Press” ? — a nam e th a t w o u ld be s e lf- id e n tify in g to the s tranger on the street, to the s tu ­dent lo o k in g fo r soc ia lis t l i te ra ­tu re — o r to the m any thousands w h o consider them selves socialists, b u t kn o w o f no paper th a t re p re ­sents th e ir ideas?

L e t’s face it , i t is h a rd e r to sell socia lism to the p o te n tia l buyer, w hen you h ide beh ind a name lik e The M il ita n t regard less o f how good a nam e i t is, o r the t ra ­d it io n beh ind it .

The days o f M cC a rth y are gone and even i f the re m ay have been advantage to a nam e l ik e The M ilita n t i t ’s no t so today. F o r tho u ­sands w ho are lo o k in g fo r socia l­ism, le t ’s m ake i t easier fo r them to f in d us. L e t ’s take advantage o f the name S oc ia lis t — and spread i t across the f ro n t page w h e re i t belongs.

Rem em ber once L e n in changed the nam e o f the p a rty fro m So­c ia lis t to C om m unis t w hen he fe lt i t was to the advantage.

One m ore th in g to th in k abou t — check y o u r records o f sales a t newsstands. E ve r w onder w h y the In te rn a tio n a l S oc ia lis t R eview o u t­sells The M ilita n t? and a t a h igh e r price? Could i t be th a t the w o rd S oc ia lis t on the cover is a se lling po in t?

W h y no t take a po ll?H ere is one vote fo r “ The So­

c ia lis t Press. ”J. K .

Letters W e Love Dep'tN ew Y o rk , N. Y .

Enclosed please f in d $3 fo r a yea r’s subscrip tion p lus $2 w h ich I hope w i l l be use fu l in y o u r p u b ­lic a tio n e ffo rts . The M il ita n t has ke p t me aw are o f events w h ic h are n o t as a ru le pub lished in the N ew Y o rk da ilies. I apprecia te the in tro d u c to ry subscrip tion o f the las t fo u r m onths a t the reduced rate.

F . P.

Thought for the Week“ The labels ‘R epub lican ’ and ‘D em ocra t’ have become v ir tu a lly

meaningless. The d iffe rences between P resident Kennedy and M r. N ixo n , fo r exam ple, are fa r sm a lle r th a n between the P res iden t and m em bers o f his ow n p a rty . . . . We have in A m e rica today w h a t am ounts to a on e -p a rty system . ” — F ro m a Jan. 6 sta tem ent o f p o licy b y the e d ito r o f the S atu rday E ven ing Post.

. . . Students Picket for Peace in D. C.

I t W as Reported in the Press