How to reduce energy and water consumption in the preparation of raw materials in the ceramic tile
manufacturing
Dry versus wet route
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - danielgabaldonuves
ldquoSustainable Futures in Practicerdquo
ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
A Mezquita S Ferrer E Monfort D Gabaldoacuten-Estevan
Environmental issues challenging the development of the ceramic tile industry [Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 ]
01
Europe 2020rsquos focus on Climate Change and Energy Sustainability establishes three specific targets for 2020
AA reduction of greenhouse emissions (reference year 1990) by at least 20
BObtaining 20 of the energy from renewable sources
CIncrease by 20 the energy efficiency
Motivation 2020 02
Motivation 2050 03
Motivation 2050 04
Electrification of kilns = not currently economically viable Carbon Capture and Storage = unlikely to be economically viable until well-established Among the so-called widespread technologies to implement at ceramic industrial facilities o changes on the raw materials
formulation for more efficient firing o energy management o process optimization
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Environmental issues challenging the development of the ceramic tile industry [Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 ]
01
Europe 2020rsquos focus on Climate Change and Energy Sustainability establishes three specific targets for 2020
AA reduction of greenhouse emissions (reference year 1990) by at least 20
BObtaining 20 of the energy from renewable sources
CIncrease by 20 the energy efficiency
Motivation 2020 02
Motivation 2050 03
Motivation 2050 04
Electrification of kilns = not currently economically viable Carbon Capture and Storage = unlikely to be economically viable until well-established Among the so-called widespread technologies to implement at ceramic industrial facilities o changes on the raw materials
formulation for more efficient firing o energy management o process optimization
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Europe 2020rsquos focus on Climate Change and Energy Sustainability establishes three specific targets for 2020
AA reduction of greenhouse emissions (reference year 1990) by at least 20
BObtaining 20 of the energy from renewable sources
CIncrease by 20 the energy efficiency
Motivation 2020 02
Motivation 2050 03
Motivation 2050 04
Electrification of kilns = not currently economically viable Carbon Capture and Storage = unlikely to be economically viable until well-established Among the so-called widespread technologies to implement at ceramic industrial facilities o changes on the raw materials
formulation for more efficient firing o energy management o process optimization
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Motivation 2050 03
Motivation 2050 04
Electrification of kilns = not currently economically viable Carbon Capture and Storage = unlikely to be economically viable until well-established Among the so-called widespread technologies to implement at ceramic industrial facilities o changes on the raw materials
formulation for more efficient firing o energy management o process optimization
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Motivation 2050 04
Electrification of kilns = not currently economically viable Carbon Capture and Storage = unlikely to be economically viable until well-established Among the so-called widespread technologies to implement at ceramic industrial facilities o changes on the raw materials
formulation for more efficient firing o energy management o process optimization
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
greenhouse emissions
renewable sources
energy efficiency
Focus 05
greenhouse emissions
energy efficiency
o renewable sources
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
06
CO2 emissions (kg CO2t fired product) (2008)
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Firing 1523 (55)
Drying 24 (9)
Spray drying 98
(36)
8
Thermal specific consumption (KWhm2) by sub process (2007)
Greenhouse emissions [Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120]
07
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Energy efficiency [Schematic illustration of the single-fired ceramic tile manufacturing process Source ITC]
08
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Raw materials
MillingSpray drying
Glazepreparation
Pressing Drying Glazing Firing
Floor tile
Wall tile
Wet or Dry route
Main production stages in ceramic tile manufacture
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Raw materials preparation by wet route [Schematic illustration of the wet route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
09
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Proportioning of raw materials
Milling
Storage tanks
Spray drying
Spray-dried powder
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Parameters Wet process
Water consumption 044-051 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 38-40 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 500-550 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the wet method 10
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
12
Raw materials preparation by dry route [Schematic illustration of the dry route raw materials preparation Source ITC]
11
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Pendulummill
Mixing granulator
Screen
Extra-granulate
Dryer
Silos
StandarizationGranutate
for the press
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Water and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions in the dry method 12
Parameters Dry process
Water consumption 012-016 m3t ds
Electrical energy consumption 32-38 kWht ds
Thermal energy consumption 111-117 kWht ds
CO2 emissions
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Comparison between dry and wet method 13
Parameters Wet Dry Savings
Water consumption
044-051 m3t ds
012-016 m3t ds () 71
Electrical energy
consumption
38-40 kWht ds
32-38 kWht ds ()
11
Thermal energy
consumption
500-550 kWht ds
111-117 kWht ds
78
CO2 emissions
85-90 kg CO2 t ds
29-35 kg CO2 t ds
63
() Provisional data obtained in pilot plant tests
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Conclusions I 14
From the point of view of sustainability it seems clear that the dry route to prepare raw materials is more appropriate but the most used is the wet method because of the properties of the final granulate obtained
However nowadays the technology for the dry preparation of raw materials (pendulum mills and granulators) has improved substantially and the properties of the granulates obtained are similar to the ones obtained from the spray dryer allowing the manufacture of nearly all types of tiles
A further advantage of the wet method being that the waste water of the manufacturing process can be recycled in the preparation of the slurry reducing the fresh water consumption and the environmental impact of the overall process
It should also be pointed out that the wet method allows the implementation of cogeneration systems facilitating the companies the generation of their own electricity and reducing their dependence on the electricity grid although this is very dependent on legislation on cogeneration
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Conclusions II 15
This study reflects the complexity of the process of transferring the latest developments to productive sector and how those factors will affect the rate of adoption of new or improved technologies
As we have already shown not always the most energetically efficient process is the one more spread even within the EU due to the existence and interlink of other factors such technology development product quality or already existing infrastructures (atomizers)
ldquoInnovation is often the case in fact of looking to apply old solutions to new problems and applying
new solutions to old problemsrdquo [A Reed ndash 2001 126]
Last but not least environmental and energy policy are an essential element when establishing paths towards cleaner production
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Our references 16
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Mezquita A Ferrer S Monfort E (2014) Is European Union Environmental Policy Efficient at Promoting a Post-carbon Industry The Case of Energy in the European Ceramic Tile Sector Proceedings of the 11th ICIM 2014 Vaasa (Finland) 104-113 httpicimvamkfi2014uploadsUploadPaperDir11thICIM2014pdf
Mezquita A Monfort EVaquer E Ferrer S Pitarch JM Arnal MA Cobo F (2014) Reduction of CO2-emissions in ceramic tiles manufacture by combining energy-saving measures Cfi Ber DKG 85 91 (5) pp E37-E42
Monfort E Mezquita A Vaquer E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2014) La evolucioacuten energeacutetica del sector espantildeol de baldosas ceraacutemicas Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 53 (3) 111-120 httpboletinessecvesupload2014070792201201453111pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Criado E Monfort E (2014) The Green Factor in European Manufacturing A case study of the Spanish ceramic tile industry Journal of Cleaner Production 70 242-250 httpwwwsciencedirectcomsciencearticlepiiS0959652614001620
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Hekkert MP (2013) How Does the Innovation System in the Spanish Tile Sector Function Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 52 (3) 151-158 httpboletinessecvesupload20130704104006201352151pdf
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D Fernaacutendez de Lucio I and Molina Morales FX (2012) Distritual Innovation Systems ARBOR-Ciencia pensamiento y cultura 188 (753) pp 63-73 httparborrevistascsicesindexphparborarticledownload14481457
Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D (2011) El sistema distritual de innovacioacuten ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten Universitat de Valegravencia Servei de Publicacions httprodrigouvesbitstreamhandle1055023431gabaldonpdfsequence=1
Monfort E Mezquita A Granel R Vaquer E Escrig A Miralles A Zaera V (2010) Analysis of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in ceramic tile manufacture Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 49 (4) pp 303-310 httpboletinessecvesupload20100901173134201049303pdf
Mezquita A Monfort E Zaera V (2009) Sector azulejero y comercio de emisiones reduccioacuten de emisiones de CO2 benchmarking europeo Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 48(4) pp 211-222 httpboletinessecvesupload20090904100231200948211pdf
Tortajada Esparza E Gabaldoacuten-Estevan D and Fernaacutendez de Lucio I (2008) La evolucioacuten tecnoloacutegica del distrito ceraacutemico de Castelloacuten la contribucioacuten de la industria de fritas colores y esmaltes Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 47 (2) pp 57-80 httpboletinessecvesupload2008051211490147[2]57-80pdf
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by
Daniel Gabaldoacuten-Estevan | Sitges 03112015
Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Valencia- Valencia (ES) - DanielGabaldonuves
httpsuvacademiaeduDanielGabaldC3B3nEstevan
httpswwwresearchgatenetprofileDaniel_Gabaldon-Estevan
httpswwwlinkedincompubdaniel-gabadC3B3n-estevan23722aaa
httpwwwslidesharenetDanielGabaldnEstevan
httporcidorg0000-0003-2086-5012
httpwwwresearcheridcomridB-5195-2011
Thank you for your attention 17 ESTIBMEIC Project - GV2014049
Socio-Technical Study on the Incorporation of Biofuels in the Energy Mix Ceramic Industry Project financed by