FALL SEMESTER TEST REVIEW
Human Body Systems & Homeostasis
Test Date: 12/17/2013
1. WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS? GIVE 2 EXAMPLES. Homeostasis is the
body’s ongoing process of keeping its internal conditions stable even when external conditions change.
Hint: The body tries to stay as it is…stasis)
Sweating when hot
Feeling thirsty when dehydrated
2. INTERNAL STIMULUS Internal
stimulus: something that happens within a person’s body that triggers a response.
3 examples1. Headache
(response: get an ice pack)
2. Tired
(response: go to sleep)
3. Full bladder
(response: go to restroom)
What if I have
all three?
3. EXTERNAL STIMULUS External
stimulus:Something that happens outside a person’s body that triggers a response.
3 examples1. A bear chasing you
(response: run the other way.)
2. Touching a hot surface
(response: pull hand away)
3. Someone sneaks up from behind (response: fear)
4. ORGANIC COMPOUND ORGANIC refers to
living. ORGANic = ORGANism In order to be organic,
a compound must:1. contain the element Carbon. Life on Earth is carbon-based.2. have the Carbon bonded to another Carbon or to a Hydrogen.
Notice that each compound has a carbon that isbonded to another carbon and/ or a hydrogen.
5. C-SHOPN C-SHOPN stands for elements that can
be found in organic compounds: C = Carbon S = Sulphur H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen P = Phosphorus N = Nitrogen
6. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Energy is not created nor destroyed, but
it can change from one form to another.
Radiant Chemical Mechanical
ChemicalThermal
7. PHYSICAL CHANGE How does a physical change occur in the
human body? Physical change occurs when shape or size changes without a chemical reaction.Examples: Breaking a bone Cutting hair Chewing food
8. CHEMICAL CHANGE How does a chemical change occur in
the human body? Chemical changes occur in digestion. Food molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken into smaller molecules the body can use. Nutrients must be in a form our cells can absorb and use.
9. HUMANS IN SPACETo survive in space humans must have:
A way to control air pressure
Oxygen supplyProtection from
extreme temperatures
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Astronaut Bruce McCandless duringSpacewalk; photo taken from spaceshuttle
10. EARTH IS UNIQUE Has an atmosphere
(a layer of gases surrounding it)
Atmosphere contains oxygen and nitrogen
Two-thirds of its surface is covered with water
Everywhere water has been found, life has been found
11. INSTRUMENTS USED BY ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE Spacesuits to protect
them from changes in air pressure and temperature
Manned maneuvering unit for space walks
Communication devices
Cameras
(Inside Space Shuttle Atlantis)
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
REVIEWStructures and Functions
12. ENDOCRINE SYSTEMFunction
Controls many body processes, including growth and reproduction
OrgansGlands, including pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal glands
12. CIRCULATORY SYSTEMFunction
To carry needed materials to cells and carry waste products away from cells
OrgansHeart, veins, arteries, capillaries
12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEMFunction
To bring oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide from cells
OrgansLungs, trachea, nose/mouth, diaphragm muscle
12. SKELETAL SYSTEMFunction
1. Provide shape & support
2. Protect internal organs3. Allow movement4. Produce red blood cells5. Store materials until
needed
OrgansBones
12. MUSCULAR SYSTEMFunctions
1. Movement2. Moving food
through digestion3. Pumping blood
through the body
Organs
Muscles
12. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Function1. Break down food into
molecules the body can use
2. Absorption of nutrients into the blood
3. Elimination of waste
OrgansMouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Also, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
12. EXCRETORY SYSTEMFunction
To filter the blood and remove liquid wastes from the body
OrgansKidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
12. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Female Function1. Produce egg cells2. Produce female
hormones3. Support growing
baby until it is ready for birth
OrgansOvaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina
12. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Male Function1. Produce sperm
cells2. Produce male
hormones
OrgansTesticles, vas deferens, prostate, urethra, penis
12. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Function1. To keep germs out and
fluids in2. Blocks out sunlight;
makes vitamin D3. Sense of touch4. Regulates body
temperature -- homeostasis
OrgansSkin, nails, hair
12. NERVOUS SYSTEMFunctions
1. Receive information
2. Respond to stimuli
3. Maintain stable internal conditions—homeostasis
OrgansBrain, spinal cord, nerves
13. CTOSO (YES, AGAIN!)
Human cell Smooth muscle tissue Stomach
Digestive system Human
14. COUNTING ELEMENTSC2SO4
1. Look for capital letters
2. C = Carbon S = Sulphur O = Oxygen* Is this compound organic? YES. It has more than one Carbon atom.
CH3COCH3
1. Look for capital letters
2. C = Carbon H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen * Is this compound organic? YES. It has Carbon with Hydrogen.
15. COMPLETE THE TABLE.
TERM DEFINITION
Element A substance that is composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into any simpler substance
Compound A substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio
Mixture 2 or more elements in the same place but not chemically combined
16. EXAMPLES OF HOW BODY SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER1. Muscular system pushes food through
the digestive system.2. Endocrine system produces chemicals
that help break down food in the digestive system.
3. Circulatory system brings oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the respiratory system.
EXAMPLE OF SYSTEMS WORKING TOGETHER
1. The heart pumps blood containing CO2 to lungs.
2. Lungs take in the CO2 and give O2 to the blood.
3. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart, which pumps the blood out to the body.
17. SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
One parent Offspring are
identical to the parents
Two parents Offspring are
similar to parents but not identical
Greater genetic variation increases chances the species will survive
18. GENETIC INFORMATIONGenetic information is stored in the nucleus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of strands of DNA.
19. TRAITS
INHERITED TRAIT ACQUIRED TRAIT
A trait an organism is born with; contained in the organism’s DNA; can be passed on to offspring
A trait an organism acquires after birth; not contained in the DNA; cannot be inherited by offspring
20. PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Contains a cell wall and chloroplasts
Can make its own food
Has a large vacuole
No cell wall or chloroplasts
Smaller vacuole
21. TURGOR PRESSURE
LOW TURGOR PRESSUREHIGH TURGOR PRESSURE
Vacuole is full Vacuole has little water
22. TYPES OF CELLS
PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
No nucleus No well-defined
organelles Bacteria and other
basic organisms
Nucleus Organelles More complex
organisms, including YOU
STUDY AND YOU’LL DO GREAT!
I believe in YOU!
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