Hydro Power in India
Industry Information Insights 2014
Rewave Infra Solutions EnergySector.in
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 3
Introduction 4
SHP As Renewable Energy 5
Hydro Power Potential in India 6
SHP Installed Capacity 7
Hydro Power Development 8
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Executive Summary
Small Hydro Power Programme is one of the thrust areas
of power generation from renewable in the Ministry of
New and Renewable (MNRE).
It has been recognized that small hydro power projects
can play a critical role in improving the over all energy
scenario of the country and in particular for remote and
inaccessible areas.
The Ministry is encouraging development of small hydro
projects in the state sector as well as through private
sector participation.
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Hydro Power Potential (Total): 1,48,701 MW
Installed Capacity (Above 25 MW): 39491.40 MW
SHP Installed Capacity (Below 25 MW): 3632.27 MW
SHP Potential: 19,749.44 MW
At present, the largest capacity hydro electric plant is a
run of river Naptha Jhakri Hydro project of 1500 MW in
Himachal Pradesh.
Introduction
Out of the total power generation installed capacity in
India of 2,23,868 MW (April, 2013), hydro power
contributes about 17.5% (39,491 MW).
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Hydro power projects are categorized in two segments
1. Small Hydro Projects (SHP)
2. Large Hydro Projects
While Ministry of Power, Government of India deals with
large hydro power projects, the responsibility of small
hydro development rests with Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE).
In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacity
have been categorized as SHP projects.
12th Plan Objectives
A capacity addition of 88,000 MW is envisaged from
different conventional sources during 2012-2017 (the
12th Plan), which includes 10,897 MW from large hydro
projects.
Thermal 68%
Nuclear 2%
Hydro 18%
RES 12%
Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity
Role of Renewable Energy
Small Hydro Power
SHP has about 13% share of total renewable energy
installed capacity in India.
As of March 2013, India had an installed power
generation capacity of 223.34 GW, of which renewable
energy sources accounted for 27.54 GW.
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Thermal 68%
Nuclear 2%
Hydro 18%
RES 12%
Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity
Wind Power 68%
Small Hydro Power (SHP)
13%
Biomass Power 5%
Bagasse Cogeneration
8%
Waste to Power
0%
Solar Power (SPV)
6%
Hydro Power Potential
Small Hydro Power
The estimated potential of small hydro (up to 25 MW
station capacity) in India is of about 20,000 MW of which
about 3632 MW has been exploited.
6,474 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of
19,749 MW have been identified.
Electricity generation from small hydro has become
increasingly competitive with preferential tariffs. The
challenge is to improve reliability, quality and reduce
costs. The focus of the SHP programme is to lower the
cost of equipment, increase its reliability and set up
projects in areas which give the maximum advantage in
terms of capacity utilization.
The aim is that out of the total grid interactive power
generation capacity that is being installed, 2% should
come from small hydro.
Total hydroelectric power potential in India is assessed at
about 1,50,000 MW, equivalent to 84,000 MW at 60%
load factor.
Maximum potential is in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
It has 33% of total hydroelectric potential of India.
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir
also have significant potential.
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50328
18820 18175
14146
47232
ArunachalPradesh
HimachalPradesh
Uttarakhand Jammu &Kashmir
Others
MW
SHP Installed Capacity
Total small hydro power generation installed capacity
stands at 3632 MW as on fiscal ending March 2013., with
966 projects.
Karnataka tops in SHP capacity with 963.76 MW (140
projects) followed by Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
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A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is envisaged from
renewable energy sources with 2,100 MW from small
hydro up to 25 MW station capacity.
In the financial year 2012-13, against the target of 350
MW, 237 MW of small hydro power projects were
commissioned. In any year, maximum capacity was
added in 2010-11 with 308 MW.
80
174
13
121
149
205
249
305 307
352
237
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
MW
Annual Target vs. Capacity Addition for SHP
Target (MW) Capacity Addition (MW)
Hydro Power Development
Till Independence (1947), India had an installed capacity
of 1,362 MW, which included 508 MW hydropower
projects, mainly small and medium size projects.
In late 80’s, it was realized that the development of SHP
potential has remained largely untapped as the focus
was on large-scale power generation.
In order to provide focused attention to small size
projects, the subject of small hydro was brought under
the purview of renewable energy.
While in early 90s, most of the small hydro power
projects were set up in the public sector, from last 10
years or so, most of the capacity addition is now coming
through private sector projects. Beginning of the 21st
century saw near commercialization in the small hydro
sector.
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India has a history of more than 110 years of
hydropower. The first small hydro project of 130 kW was
commissioned in the hills of Darjeeling in 1897. This
marked the development of hydropower in India.
The Sivasamudram project of 4500 kW was the next to
come up in the Mysore District of Karnataka in 1902, for
supply of power to the Kolar gold mines.
Following this, there was number of SHPs set up in
various hilly areas of the country.
Small Hydro Projects Classification
Class Station Capacity in kW
Micro Hydro Up to 100
Mini Hydro 101 to 2000
Small Hydro 2001 to 25000
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