Hyperthyroidi
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INTRODUCTIONHyperthyroidism
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DescriptionHyperthyroidism, a term for overactive
tissue within the thyroid gland, resulting inoverproduction of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream.
INTRODUCTION
The over secretion of thyroid hormones leads to over activity of the body's metabolism.
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DescriptionHyperthyroidism results from an excessive
output of thyroid hormones due to abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulin.
INTRODUCTION
The condition is often referred to as an "overactive thyroid”.
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Description Thyroid hormone is important at a cellular
level, affecting nearly every type of tissue in the body.
It functions as a stimulus to metabolism, and is critical to normal function of the cell.
INTRODUCTION
2 Thyroid Hormoneso Thyroxine (T4) represents 90% of thyroid
hormone productiono Triiodothyronine (T3) comprises 10%
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Types Graves' disease is most often associated with
hyperthyroidism. Researchers believe Graves' disease is caused by an antibody which stimulates the thyroid too much. This overstimulation causes the excess production of thyroid hormone.
Graves' disease is categorized as an autoimmune disorder (a dysfunction of the body's immune system). The disease is most common in young to middle-aged women and tends to run in families.
INTRODUCTION
1.) Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)
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Types Symptoms of Graves' disease are identical to
hyperthyroidism, with the addition of three other symptoms. However, each individual may experience symptoms. differently
INTRODUCTION
1.) Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)
The three additional symptoms include:Goiter (enlarged thyroid which may cause a
bulge in the neck)Exopthalmus (bulging of eyes)Dermopathy
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INTRODUCTION
Graves' disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)
dermopathy
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Types Hyperthyroidism caused by toxic nodular
goiter is a condition in which one or more nodules of the thyroid becomes overactive. The overactive nodules actually act as benign thyroid tumors. Symptoms of toxic nodular goiter do not include bulging eyes or skin problems, as in Graves' disease. The cause of toxic nodular goiter is not known
INTRODUCTION
2.) Toxic Nodular Goiter (Multinodular Goiter)
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Types Thyroiditis causes temporary
hyperthyroidism, usually followed with hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid).
INTRODUCTION
3.) Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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TypesThere are three types of thyroiditis:
› Hashimoto's thyroiditis› Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis› Silent lymphocytic thyroiditis
INTRODUCTION
3.) Thyroiditis
In addition, if a person takes too many thyroid hormone tablets,
hyperthyroidism may occur.
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Incidence & Prevalence
Relatively common disease that can occur at any age
INTRODUCTION
More common in the 3rd and 4th decade
Disease is more frequent in women(7:1)
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Incidence & PrevalenceGenetic factors play an
important role
INTRODUCTION
An overlap exists with other autoimmune diseases suggesting Graves is also a
autoimmune thyroid disease
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Prevalence Rate
INTRODUCTION
Fem
ale
Mal
e
0
2
4
6
8
10
<30
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-60
70-79
>80
>81
<30
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-60
70-79
>80
>81
As expected, hyperthyroidism ismore common in females than in males(P < 0.001 in all four periods). A 35–40% increase in incidence rate ofhyperthyroidism was observed in both sexes.
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ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGY
Hyperthyroidism
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck inferior to (below) the thyroid cartilage (also known as the Adam's apple in men) and at approximately the same level as the cricoid cartilage.
The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.
Thyroid Gland
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
The thyroid participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, principallythyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
These hormones regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Iodine is an essential component of both T3 and T4.
The thyroid also produces the hormone calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.
Thyroid Gland
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Thyroid Gland
The thyroid is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary. The gland gets its namefrom the Greek word for "shield", after the shape of the related thyroid cartilage.
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) are the most common problems of the thyroid gland.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Thyroid Gland
A normal adult thyroid gland usually weighs 10 to 20 g.
It receives its nourishment from bilateral superior andinferior thyroid arteries anda small artery called thyroidima.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Embedd
ed Videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpjv8YcUow
Note: Internet connection is needed to view this video.
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGYHyperthyroidism
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Predisposing factors: Sex Age
↑ Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) due toImmune Reactivity to TSH Receptor
(Graves Disease)
Specific Immune Response/ Autoimmune
Thyroid Gland
Infiltration of Lymphocytic, Mucopolysaccharides,
Fluid, Glycosaminoglycans
Precipitating factors: Diffuse toxic goiter (Grave's dse.) Autoimmune Condition secondary
to:stress, crisis or infection
Tobacco smoking
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Fluid retention in Retrobulbar Soft Tissue, Extra-ocular Muscle
Pressure toOptic Nerve
Bulging of Eyes
Diplopia
Blindness Proptosis/ Exophtalmu
s
Lid Retraction
Lid Lag Corneal Exposure
Dryness of Corneal
Irritation of Eyes
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DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
In addition to a complete medical history and medical examination, diagnostic procedures for hyperthyroidism may include:
Measurement of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream
Thyroid ultrasoundA test to evaluate the thyroid gland
for evidence of any nodules. Thyroid scan
A test that uses a radioactive substance to create an image of the thyroid.
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWhat are the
manifestations? The following are the
most common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism . However, each individual may experience manifestations differently.
NervousnessIrritabilityIncreased perspirationThinning of the skinFine, brittle hairWeak muscles, especially in the upper arms and thighsShaky handsFast heartbeat
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWhat are the
manifestations? The following are the
most common signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism . However, each individual may experience manifestations differently.
High blood pressureIncreased bowel movementsWeight lossSleeping difficultyProminent eyesSensitivity to bright lightConfusionIrregular menstrual cycle
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MEDICAL MANAGEME
NTHyperthyroidism
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:
1. Anti-thyroid medications
Use of anti-thyroid drugs that help lower the level of thyroid hormones in the blood.
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Anti-thyroid medications
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:
2. Radioactive iodine (which destroys the thyroid and stops the
excess production of hormones)
Use of radioactive iodine, in the form of a pill or liquid, which damages thyroid cells so that production of thyroid hormones is slowed down
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Radioactive Iodine
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:
3. Surgery to remove part of the thyroid
(the overactive nodule)
If the thyroid must be removed with surgery or destroyed with radiation, you must take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life.
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Thyroidectomy
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENTThyroidecto
my
Note: Internet connection is needed to view this video.
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
How the condition is treated depends on the cause and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with one or more of the following:
4. Beta-blockers such as propranolol are used to treat some of the symptoms,
including rapid heart rate, sweating, and anxiety until the hyperthyroidism can be controlled.
Use of beta-blocking agents, which block the action of thyroid hormone on the body; (These drugs do not change the levels of thyroid hormone in the blood, but may make the patient feel better.)
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Beta-blockers
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JOURNAL READING
Hyperthyroidism
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JOURNAL
Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland
The Latest on Symptoms in Hyperthyroidism
Methimazole vs. Propylthiouracil for Hyperthyroidism
Note: Please click hyperlink
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JOURNAL
PSEM Battles Goiter and Other Thyroid Diseases in RP
Philippine Thyroid Association’s Thyroid Expo Kicks Off Medicine Week
Goiter Still Rampant Among Filipinos
Note: Please click hyperlink
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Web/Internet:
http://dine.racoma.com.ph/health/take-charge-of-your- health/ http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthyroidism/index.htm http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2007/619/1 http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/3/1038 http://www.tribune.net.ph/life/20081117lif5.html http://www.malaya.com.ph/feb17/livi1.htm http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=goodLife02_sept19_2006
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CURRICULUM
VITAE
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KRISTINE CHARISSE V. TANEDO
Lot#14 Purok Mabuhay,Tubod, Iligan City,Philippines 9200(063) [email protected]
Personal details:Age - 21 years oldDate of Birth - February 3,1991Place of Birth - Tibanga, Iligan CityNationality - FilipinoReligion - Born-Again ChristianFather’s Name - Eugene Vernon A. Tanedo, Sr.Mother’s Name - Grace V. TanedoCivil Status - Single Height - 5’0”Weight - 93.5 lbsSex - FemaleLanguage Spoken - English, Filipino, Cebuano
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Educational background: Tertiary: Iligan Medical Center College
San Miguel Village, Pala-o, Iligan CityBACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (2010-2012)GRADUATE – OCTOBER 2012
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyTibanga Highway, Iligan CityBACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (2007-2010)
Secondary: La Salle Academy
Bro. Jeffry Road, Villaverde, Iligan City(2003-2007)
Elementary: La Salle Academy
Bro. Jeffry Road, Villaverde, Iligan City(1998-2003)
Achievements: Registered: Basic Life Support- CPR Training for Healthcare Providers Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center Auditorium (October 2010)
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RLE/ Clinical affiliations:Emergency Room - Iligan Medical Center Hospital Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital
St. Mary’s Hospital Dr. Uy Hospital
Operating Room - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital
Northern Mindanao Medical Center Delivery Room - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital Northern Mindanao Medical Center St. Mary’s Hospital OB/Gyne Ward - Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital Psychiatric Nursing - Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center Community Health Nursing – Buru-un Health Center
Brgy. Santiago Health Center Skills/Interest:
Computer Literate - Microsoft Office applications- Adobe applications (photo and video editing)
Remains calm and professional throughout critical incidentsRelates to people from a variety of cultures.
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THANK YOU!END