I. Early National PeriodII. Two Party SystemIII. Election of 1800IV. Early Supreme Court CasesV. Louisiana PurchaseVI. War of 1812
Agenda – The Early National Period, Part One
The United States underwent many changes between 1800 and 1845
Territory expanded from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and from Canada to Mexico
The Power of the Federal government was
defined during this period
The Early National Period1800-1845
The divisions between Northern and Southern states widened, and eventually led to war
After 2 terms (8 years), George Washington
decided not to run for president again In 1796, the Federalist candidate, John Adams,
won the presidency After 4 years in office, Adams became
unpopular
The Early National Period
Popularity is over-
rated!
Controversy over the Federalists’ support for the Bank of the United StatesAnti-Federalists afraid gave more power to the
Central governmentThe Jay Treaty
Tied United States to BritainDemocratic-Republicans liked supporting
FranceUndeclared war on France led to the
beginning of an opposition party
Two party system starts
After 4 years, John Adams was up for re-election
The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, chose John Adams to run again They wanted a strong central government Advancement of industryBusinesses and Bankers of NortheastPositive relationship with the British
The Election of 1800 Oh yeah, I know
why you want to be my
friend, I am one
hot tamale grrr
The Democratic-Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr to runThey wanted a weak governmentStrict interpretation of the Constitution Economy to be based on agriculture
Farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South
The ‘White’ House
Thomas Jefferson narrowly won the election of 1800
The election of 1800 was the first peaceful
transfer of power from one political party to another
Three Court cases established the Supreme Court’s authority
Marbury vs. Madison- 1803Judicial Review- Supreme Court can
rule laws unconstitutional
Establishing the Supreme Court’s Authority
We find the Dred Scott
decision unconstitutiona
l because according to
the Constitution ALL men are
created equal!
McCulloch vs. Maryland- 1819States cannot tax the federal bank“The power to tax is the power to
destroy”
Gibbons vs. Ogden- 1824Conducting interstate commerce is a power exercised exclusively by Congress
Interstate means that it goes through more than one state! Like 95 the bane of our
existence.
In 1803, Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from France doubling the size of the U.S.
Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore
Louisiana Territory – a lot west of the Mississippi River Sacajawea, a native American woman, served as their
guide and translator Many Americans began moving west Manifest Destiny- belief that the United States should
encompass the land between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, resulted in violent conflicts with Native Americans
The Louisiana Purchase
France
Great BritainAmerican merchant
You boys can keep on
killing each other. If either of y’all need anything, just
give us Yankees a
holler!
I hate you, French dude!
Je vous hais plus!
France
Great BritainCauses of the War of 1812• In 1803, Britain and
France went to war again.
• Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy.
Causes The British and French were at war.British blocked American ships from trading
with FranceImpressments- American sailors were forced
to serve in the British navy
The War of 1812
War
James Madison declared war on the British
Treaty of Ghent ended the war; prewar boundaries between the British and U.S. were restored
Federalists opposed the treaty, talked of secession and proposed constitutional amendments, which were not acted upon
• In 1814, the British set Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House.
Washington, D.C is Attacked
The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington.
• The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore.
• Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.
The Star-Spangled Banner
• When the smoke cleared, “our flag was still there”.
• In response, Key wrote the poem “Defence of Fort M'Henry”, which later was put to music and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”.
Treaty of Ghent
• While it ended the war, the treaty did not resolve any of the problems between Britain and the U.S.
Battle of New Orleans
• Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
• Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 7