The glue
Behat(cucumber syntax)
Mink(browser emulation)
Goutte(web driver)
Selenium(web driver)
Zombie(web driver)
Guzzle(curl)
Selenium RC(java)
Zombie.js(node.js)
Feature: Party harmonyAs a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that we work as a team
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies And the Bard eats 1 cookie Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Behat ProvidesCucumber syntax
class FeatureContext … {/** * @Given that the wizard has :num cookies */public function wizardHasCookies($num) {
// $this->wizard is a pre-existing condition... like syphilis$this->wizard->setNumberOfCookies($num);
}}
and converts it intoFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
Feature: Party harmonyAs a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that we work as a team
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies And the Bard eats 1 cookie Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Cucumber SyntaxWhat’s missing?
Scenario:Given that the wizard has 10 cookiesAnd the Bard eats 1 cookie
# The triggered fire spell fizzled due to OutOfManaExceptionThen the Bard is mysteriously on fire
1 scenario (1 failed)3 steps (2 passed, 1 failed)0m0.03s (14.19Mb)
Remember {P} C {Q}Set your starting states
Feature: Party harmonyAs a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that we work as a team
Background:The Wizard’s fire spell is fully chargedAnd the Bard is currently not on fire
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies And the Bard eats 1 cookie Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Remember {P} C {Q}Set your starting states
Features are your contract with the stakeholders
User storiesFeatures
Backgrounds are your restrictions or global constraints
Background
Scenarios are the use cases that outline the user story
Scenarios
class MinkContext … {/** * Clicks link with specified id|title|alt|text. *
* @When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ */public function clickLink($link) {
$link = $this->fixStepArgument($link); $this->getSession()->getPage()->clickLink($link); }}
Mink provides...MinkContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
$ composer require behat/behat="^3.0.5"
Getting started
$ composer require behat/mink-extension="^2.0"
Behat (cucumber syntax)
Mink (browser emulator)
Web drivers$ composer require behat/mink-goutte-driver="^1.0"$ composer require behat/mink-selenium2-driver="^1.2"
$ ./vendor/bin/behat --init
+d features - place your *.feature files here+d features/bootstrap - place your context classes here+f features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php - place your definitions, transformations and hooks here
InitializeCreate a new test suite
use Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext;
class FeatureContext extends MinkContext … {…
}
ContextFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
CODE SNIPPET
$ ./vendor/bin/behat -dl
Given /^(?:|I )am on "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/ When /^(?:|I )reload the page$/ When /^(?:|I )move backward one page$/ When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/ When /^(?:|I )press "(?P<button>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/ When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|\\")*)" with "(?P<value>(?:[^"]|\\")*)"$/
ContextWhat does Mink bring to the table?
default: suites: default: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ] contexts: [ FeatureContext ] extensions: Behat\MinkExtension: base_url: "[your website]" sessions: default: goutte: ~
Configurationbehat.yml
Feature: Authentication and authorisationAs a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details Given I am on "/login"
When I fill in "email" with "[email protected]" And I fill in "password" with "invalid" And I press "Login" Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
Our first featureauth.feature
$ ./vendor/bin/behat --config behat.yml features/auth.feature
Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid accountGiven I am on "/login"When I fill in "email" with "[email protected]"And I fill in "password" with "invalid"And I press "Login"Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenarios (1 passed)5 steps (5 passed)
Victoryoutput
Feature: Authentication and authorisationAs a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details Given I login as "[email protected]" with password "invalid" Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
Simplifyauth.feature
Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid accountGiven I login as "[email protected]" with password "invalid"Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenario (1 undefined) /** * @Given I login as :arg1 with password :arg2 */
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($arg1, $arg2) { throw new PendingException();
}
Simplifyoutput
class FeatureContext … {/**
* @Given I login as :username with password :password */
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($username, $password) {$this->visit("/login");$this->fillField("email", $username);$this->fillField("password", $password);$this->pressButton("Login");
}}
SimplifyFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid accountGiven I login as "[email protected]" with password "invalid"Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenarios (1 passed)2 steps (2 passed)
Simplifyoutput
Feature: Authentication and authorisationAs a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to register a new user Given I am on "/signup"
When I fill in "email" with "[email protected]" And I fill in "password" with "valid" And I fill in "password2" with "valid" And I fill in "first_name" with "some"
And I fill in "last_name" with "guy" And I press "Create my speaker profile" Then I should see "You’ve successfully created your account"
Our first hurdleThis ones easy, you do…. oh….
$ composer require robmorgan/phinx="~0.5"
Phinx to the rescueInstall
$ php vendor/bin/phinx initPhinx by Rob Morgan - https://phinx.org. version 0.5.1Created ./phinx.xml
Configuration
$ php vendor/bin/phinx create InitialMigration
Creating
SIDE NOTE
#!/usr/bin/env bashDATABASE="opencfp"mysql -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $DATABASE" -uroot -p123mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE $DATABASE" -uroot -p123vendor/bin/phinx migratevendor/bin/behat
A bit extreme?run-behat-tests.sh
SAVEPOINT identifier;
# Run tests
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT identifier;RELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier;
Transaction/RollbackRoll your own solution
# Stop the currently running servicesudo service postfix stop# Dumps outgoing emails to file as "day.hour.minute.second"smtp-sink -d "%d.%H.%M.%S" localhost:2500 1000 &
vendor/bin/behat
smtp-sinkrun-behat-test.sh
class DatabaseContext {public function __construct($dsn, $user, $pass) {
$this->dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);}/** * @When /^there is no user called :user$/ */public function removeUser($user) {
$this->dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `users` WHERE username=?")->query([$user]);
}}
A new contextDatabaseContext.php
SIDE NOTE
default: suites: default: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ] contexts:
- FeatureContext- DatabaseContext:
- mysql:host=localhost;dbname=opencfp- root- 123
Configurationbehat.yml
SIDE NOTE
Our first talkSet the stage
Feature: Manage paper submissionsIn order to ensure that speakers can submit their papersAs an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Background:There is a speaker registered as "[email protected]" with a
password "secrets"I login as "[email protected]" with password "secrets"
Scenario: Add a new talk to our submissions...
Our first talkTalk submission in 3, 2, 1...
Scenario: Add a new talk to our submissionsGiven I am on "talk/create"And I fill in the following: | title | Behat Talk | | description | Awesome | | type | regular | | category | testing |
| level | mid |And I check "desired"And I press "Submit my talk!"Then I should see "Success: Successfully added talk."
Well that won’t worktalks.feature
Feature: Manage paper submissions In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Scenario: Delete a talkGiven create a talk called "Behat Talk"And I am on "/dashboard"When I follow "Delete"Then I should not see "Behat Talk Changed"
The text "Behat Talk Changed" appears in the text of this page, but it should not. (Behat\Mink\Exception\ResponseTextException)
// Guzzle using web scraperbehat/mink-goutte-driver
// Java-based distributed browser workers (support JavaScript)behat/mink-selenium2-driverbehat/mink-sahi-driver
// node.js headless browser proxy (support JavaScript)behat/mink-zombie-driver
DriversSome take the scenic route
default: # … Behat\MinkExtension: base_url: "[your website]" sessions: default: goutte: ~ javascript: selenium2: browser: "firefox"
wd_host: http://[machine-running-selenium]:4444/wd/hub
ConfigurationSetting up for Selenium
$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar
Selenium
@javascriptFeature: Manage paper submissions In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Start Selenium Server
Specify javascript requirement
$ ./vendor/bin/behat --tags speaker,talk
TagsRun specific tags
@speakerFeature: Manage paper submissions In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
@talk Scenario: Create a new talk Given I am logged in as a speaker ...
SIDE NOTE
Feature: Submitting and managing talks As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance to talk at a conference.
@javascript Scenario: Delete a talk
Given create a talk called "Behat Talk"And I am on "/dashboard"When I follow "Delete"And I accept alertsThen I should not see "Behat Talk"
Enable JavaScripttalks.feature
Run as JavaScripttalks.feature
Feature: Submitting and managing talks As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance to talk at a conference.
Scenario: Delete a talkGiven create a talk called "Behat Talk"And I am on "/dashboard"When I follow "Delete"And I accept alertsThen I should not see "Behat Talk"
class FeatureContext … {public function takeAScreenshotCalled($filename) { $driver = get_class($this->getSession()->getDriver());
if ($driver == 'Behat\Mink\Driver\Selenium2Driver') {$ss = $this->getSession()
->getDriver()->getScreenshot();
file_put_contents($filename, $ss);}
}}
ScreenshotFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
class FeatureContext … {/** * @Given /^(?:I )wait for AJAX to finish$/ */public function iWaitForAjaxToFinish() {
$this->getSession()->wait(5000, "(0 === jQuery.active)");}
}
AJAXThe waiting game
CODE SNIPPET
class FeatureContext … {/** * @Given /^(?:I )press the letter :l$/ */public function iPressTheLetter($l) {
$s = "jQuery.event.trigger({type:'keypress', which:'$l'});"; $this->getSession()->evaluateScript($s);}
}
Raw javascriptThere might be a valid use case...
CODE SNIPPET
Scenario: Edit a talkGiven I am on "/dashboard"And I remember "tr[id^='talk']" content as "Title"When I follow "Edit"And I fill in "title" with "New Title"And I press "Update my talk!"Then I should see "New Title"And I should not see "memory:Title"
TransformationsSometimes we need to remember
class MemoryContext {/**
* @Transform /^memory:(.*)$/ */
public function fromMemory($key) { if (!isset($this->memory[$key])) { throw new LogicException("Entry $key does not exist"); }
return $this->memory[$key];}
}
TransformationsMemoryContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
/** * @Given /^I remember "(.*)" content as "(.*)"$/ */public function rememberContentOf($selector, $key) {
$e = $this->getSession()->getPage()->find("css", $selector);if (!is_object($e)) {
throw new LogicException("Element $selector not found"); }
$value = $e->getValue() ? $e->getValue() : $e->getText();$this->memory[$key] = $value;
}
TransformationsMemoryContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
use Behat\Behat\Hook\Scope\AfterFeatureScope; // @AfterFeature \AfterScenarioScope; // @AfterScenario \AfterStepScope; // @AfterStep \BeforeFeatureScope; // @BeforeFeature \BeforeScenarioScope; // @BeforeScenario \BeforeStepScope; // @BeforeStep \FeatureScope; // @Feature \ScenarioScope; // @Scenario \StepScope; // @Step
HooksListen in close
class FeatureContext … {/** * @AfterScenarioScope */public function afterScenario(AfterScenarioScope $scope) {
$scenario = $scope->getScenario()->getTitle();$filename = make_safe_filename($scenario);// Take a screenshot and put it on a dashboard// where people can see it
}}
HooksFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
class FeatureContext … {/** * @AfterStep */public function afterStep(AfterStepScope $scope) {
$code = $event->getTestResult()->getResultCode();if ($code == TestResult::FAILED) {
// Take a screenshot}
}}
HooksFeatureContext.php
CODE SNIPPET
Thank youPhotos from Flickr by John Morey, TrojanRat, Gerry Machen, USFS Region
5, Peregrina Tyss and Thomas Hawk. Photo from Pixabay by Schwarzenarzisse
Follow at @thomas_shone
Feature: Show relevant promotions to non-paying activated customers
Scenario: Show promotion pricing to referred clients from the EUGiven I create a user with: | email-activated | | is-EU-member | | is-referred-client | | NOT has-made-purchase |Then ...
SetupWhat attributes does our user have?
interface AttributeInterface {// Get the required attributes to have this attributepublic function getDependencies();// Does this user have this attribute?public function has(MinkContext $context);// Allocate this attribute to the userpublic function allocate(MinkContext $context);// Attempt to remove this attribute from the userpublic function remove(MinkContext $context);
}
AttributesAttributeInterface.php
CODE SNIPPET
class IsEUMember extends AttributeInterface {public function getDependencies() { return ["email-activated"]; }
public function has(MinkContext $context) {$context->visit("/profile");$field = $context->getSession()
->getPage()->findField("country");
return in_array($field->getValue(), $this->eu_countries);}// ...
}
AttributesIsEUMember.php
CODE SNIPPET
// ...public function allocate(MinkContext $context) {
$context->visit("/profile");$context->selectOption("country", "Netherlands");$context->pressButton("Update");
}
public function remove(MinkContext $context) {$context->visit("/profile");$context->selectOption("country", "UK"); // Future-proofing$context->pressButton("Update");
}
AttributesIsEUMember.php
CODE SNIPPET
// This class must handle dependency conflicts by examining the// dependencies of each with/without attributeclass Request {
protected $attributes = [];public function with(AttributeInterface $feature);public function without(AttributeInterface $feature);// List of attributes (including dependents) requiredpublic function getWith();// List of attributes (including dependents) that must be removedpublic function getWithout();
}
RequestRequest.php
CODE SNIPPET
class User {public function provision(MinkContext $context, $request) {
$this->createNewUser($context);
foreach ($request->getWith() as $attr) $attr->allocate($context); foreach ($request->getWithout() as $attr) $attr->remove($context); } public function canSupport($request);}
UserUser.php
CODE SNIPPET
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;class FeatureContext … {
/** * @Given /^(?:I )create a user with:$/ */public function iCreateAUser($type, TableNode $table) {
$attributes = $table->getRowsHash();$request = new Request();// Build using $request->with(...) & $request->without(...);$user = new User($context, $request);
}}
TableNodeHandling a table
CODE SNIPPET
default: suites: web: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ] contexts: [ BaseContext, WebContext ] api: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/api ] contexts: [ BaseContext, ApiContext ]
ConfigurationMultiple contexts
default: suites: admin: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ] contexts: [ BaseContext, AdminContext ] filters: role: admin speaker: paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ] contexts: [ BaseContext, SpeakerContext ] filters: tags: @speaker
ConfigurationGrouping and filtering
$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite admin
SuitesRun a specific suite
Feature: Managing the CFP In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers As an admin I need to be able to open the call for papers
$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite speaker
SuitesRun a specific suite
@speakerFeature: Submitting to the CFP In order to ensure that the conference has papers As an speaker I need to be able to submit papers
$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role hub
Selenium Grid
$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role node -hub http://[gridserver]:4444/grid/register
Start the grid
Add a node
default: extensions: Behat\MinkExtension: sessions: javascript: selenium2: wd_host: "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wb/hub" capabilities: version: ""
Selenium GridConfiguration