IEEE DySPAN 2010 Demonstrations Cavin Wang, IDA, SingaporeSer Wah Oh, I2R, Singapore
Przemysław Pawełczak, UCLA, USA
IEEE DySPAN 2010 Demos: Stats
• 12 Demos submitted, 10 accepted, 9 presented
• Number of IEEE DySPAN demos stays relatively constant over the years– Dublin (9), Chicago (13)
• Location– EU (5 - !), USA (2), Canada (1), Singapore (1)
Software Defined Radio (SDR) Implementation of Spectrally
Modulated Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) Based Overlay Cognitive Radio (CR)
Ruolin Zhou, WSUClifton Bullmaster, AFRL
Overlay CR – utilizes the white space (unused spectrum)
Underlay CR – UWB
Hybrid Overlay/Underlay CR – utilizes both the white space and the gray space. Do not need UWB for underlay
V. Chakravarthy, Z. Wu, M. Temple, and F. Garber, “Novel Overlay/Underlay Cognitive Radio Waveforms Using SD-SMSE Framework to Enhance Spectrum Efficiency - Part I: Theoretical Framework and Analysis in AWGN Channel," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3794-3804, December 2009
MHzB 500
Cognitive Radio
SMSE Framework
M. L. Roberts, M. A. Temple, R. A. Raines, R. F. Mills, and M. E. Oxley, “Communication Waveform Design Using an Adaptive Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) Framework,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, June 2007
Demonstration
• Flexibly generates SMSE based non-contiguous OFDM, MC-CDMA, CI/MC- CDMA, and TDCS waveforms to take advantage of multiple spectrum holes
•Adaptively avoids interference from and to the primary users, and intelligently provides coexistence
•Future Work – “SD-SMSE Based Hybrid Overlay/Underlay CR”
Cognitive Radio for Home Networking
Vladimir Atanasovski (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies - Skopje, MK); Daniel Denkovski (Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Information Technologies, MK); Tim Farnham (Toshiba Research Europe Ltd., UK); Liljana Gavrilovska (Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Information Technologies, MK); Alain Gefflaut (European Microsoft Innovation Center, DE); Vinay Kolar (Carnegie
Mellon University, QA); Petri Mähönen (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Elena Meshkova (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Benjamin Motz (Toshiba
Research Europe Ltd., UK); Jad Nasreddine (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Valentina Pavlovska (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and
Information Technologies, Skopje, MK); Marina Petrova (RWTH Aachen University, DE); Sadia Quadri (Toshiba Research Europe Ltd., UK);
Krisakorn Rerkrai (RWTH Aachen University, DE)
What has this man to do with…
… wireless home networking
ARAGORN…
– A cooperation project between 4 universities and 4 companies:– RWTH Aachen University, CFR, UCL and Univ. Ss. Cyril and Methodius– Microsoft, Toshiba, ST Microelectronics and Huawei
– Develops Cognitive Radio and DSA solutions with learning capabilities for low-cost commercial applications.
– Highlighting in DySPAN 2010:– Cognitive Resource Management Architecture– Cross-Layer Optimization and Interference Management – Policy Management and Application Priorities through hierarchical policy servers
Welcome to our demo!
http://www.ict-aragorn.eu/
Decomposable MAC Framework for Highly Flexible and Adaptable MAC Realizations
Junaid Ansari, Xi Zhang, Andreas Achtzehn, Marina Petrova, Petri Mähönen
Institute for Networked Systems RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Concept• Decomposition of MAC protocols into fundamental functional blocks
based on the commonalities among different MACs.• Realization of a particular MAC solution by binding the blocks together
appropriately through a Wiring Engine.• On-the-fly composition and reconfiguration of MAC protocols with high
degree of code reuse.• A key enabling technology for implementing and prototyping Cognitive
Radios and dynamic wireless devices.
MAC 1 MAC 2
Design and Implementation• Granular MAC blocks are
implemented with flexible APIs on WARP boards.
• A MAC Description Language eases implementation effort for users.
• Interpreter translates user inputs into executable instructions.
• Wiring Engine coordinates data and control flow between blocks and allows run-time configuration by block insertion and removal through a set of dependency tables.
Flowchart
Interpreter
Wiring Engine
Code Execution
Performance Statistics
Performance Plots
WARP Board
Host PC
Visualization
Implementation Modules
Demonstration and Visualizations• Users can interactively
compose and modify MACs at runtime through flowcharts.
• Corresponding auto-generated MAC code is shown.
• Live performance statistics of the MAC is displayed.
• A spectrum-agile MAC developed using the framework is shown to reconfigure based on the user controlled interferences. Primary user
Shared Spectrum
WARP
WARP
PC
PC
Ethernet
Demonstration of Sequence Detection Algorithms for Dynamic Spectrum
Access Networks Zhanwei Sun, Glenn J. Bradford and J. Nicholas
Laneman
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA
Sequence Detection Algorithms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
• Energy Detection does not consider the PU’s channel access pattern.
• Sequence Detection
- Based upon hidden Markov model, integrating memory into spectrum sensing
- Different cost factors for missed detections and false alarms
- Minimizing detection risk
Network Setup
• A PU pair and a SU pair operate at the same frequency band, with video streaming for each user
• Primary transmitter accesses the channel in a Markov chain
• Secondary transmitter accesses the channel opportunistically on detecting spectrum hole
Demonstration
Cognitive, Radio-Aware, Low-Cost (CORAL) Research Platform
John Sydor, Siva Palaninathan, Bernard Doray, David Roberts, Muhmudar Rahman, Li Pan,
Jiangsin Hu, Amir Ghasemi, Wayne Brett, Larry Stone
Communications Research Centre, Canada
What is CORAL*?A Wi-Fi® router with a cognitive radio control shell around it, thus creating the WIFI_CR unit
WIFI_CR: has IEEE 802.11g PHY attributes. However with the CR_NMS control system we implement a cognitive radio as defined by the ITU….which uses environment knowledge, dynamically & autonomously adjusts, learns…
It implements all the functionality of CR: Radio Environment sensing, virtual environment memory, cognitive engines, control channel, undertakes network and terminal re-configurability, and can be used create numerous wireless topologies: Mesh, Pico-cell networks, Femtocells, P-MP/P-P, relays, etc.. CORAL is a CR development platform allowing implementation of Cognitive Networks in the ISM band…where interference, fallow spectrum, primary users, and poor propagation are the norm….If Cognitive Radio can solve wireless problems in the ISM band, it will probably solve them in other, less demanding band…like the TV bands
Will give developers fresh approaches to wireless…especially in the ISM band which uses a technology ( WIFI/IEEE 802.11) that is not spectrum efficient in high interference and is in need of improvement after 15 years of the same old access algorithms…
How about a cognitive ISM band MIMO router in the home that shares spectrum with its neighbors..and acts as a femtocell for cellular? New approaches to old wireless concepts.
A demonstration of CORAL’s CR capabilities..for Dyspan 2010
(1) Creation of a Radio Environment Awareness MAPA virtual representation of the Radio Environment is required for learning and decision making by the Cognitive Engines. We will show how CORAL:
Captures full ISM band WI-Fi interference by providing occupancy information, interference power, identity, IP Link associations; undertakes spectrum analysis; can incorporate specific sensors, Can ‘Sniff’ specific sectors capturing interference that is spatially dependent,
Collects throughput and channel utilization data by the members of the CRN to aid in bandwidth allocation,
Creates a map of the interference and occupancy attributes of the CRN that can be searched by time, space, spectrum, RSSI, identity, IP link, occupancy, etc.
Channel Selection
Temporal Scheduler
Spatial Scheduler
Systemic Interference Monitor
Topographical Map
Primary User Location Map
Spatial-TemporalInterference Map
Link propagationdata base
Radio Sensed Data Base
Primary Data
Process Specific
Data
Radio EnvironmentAwareness Map
Configuration & Control Sensed Data
Cognitive Engine
Cognetive Radio Network management
layer interface.
Policy Agent
Userinterface
Cognitive Radio Network Management
System (CR_NMS)
WIFI_CRTerminal
ClientWIFI_CRTerminal
Client
WIFI_CRTerminal
Client
Wireless IP Links
WIFI_CRTerminalClient/AP
WIFI_CRTerminalClient/ApWIFI_CR
TerminalAP
Intrasystem(self-induced) interference
Primary users.
Externalinterference
Propagation Variability
Wireless Coexistence CommunityThe (RF) Topology of the
CRN Networkformed on the AP-Clientstructure demanded by
DCF of IEEE 802.11
Radio environmentinfluencing factors
TCP/IP Wireline
Backhaul & Connectivity
DSLCable
FOEtc
Direct connection
Propagation Statistics Analyzer and EIRP controller
Cognitive Radio SystemPerformance Metric
IP encapsulatedControl, Configuration,Sensing Remote connection path
A demonstration of CORAL’s CR capabilities..for Dyspan 2010
(2) Dynamic Spectrum Assignment
Using the REAM and Sensor information, the CORAL CRN ( AP with 3 clients) selects the most appropriate ISM channel based on occupancy, interference. power level, duration, and user terminal’s bandwidth (fairness) requirements.Dynamically moves to alternate channel when interference environment changes.
(3) Primary User detection-alternative channel moveOn detection of a Mimicked Primary User that appear on-channel, CORAL moves to an alternative channel…mimicking TV band/radar detection type actions.
(4) Spatial Selection for Interference Mitigation Demonstration of how CORAL system can change its reception pattern, allowingselection of direction and sectors less prone to interference.Demonstration of CORAL’s TDD/TDMA Wi-Fi capability; per packet directional switching that can be used by cognitive engines with spatial interference knowledge.
OFDM Pulse-Shaped Waveforms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
Paul Sutton, Barış Özgül, Irene Macaluso, Linda Doyle
CTVR at University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland
OFDM Pulse-Shaped Waveforms for Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
Paul Sutton, Barış Özgül, Irene Macaluso, and Linda DoyleCTVR at University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland
BACKGROUND:• OFDM is the modulation scheme preferred in many wireless communication systems (DSA
networks, DVB, ISDB, variants of Wifi, Wimax, LTE, LTE-advanced ...)• OFDM has flexibility to support adaptive bit/power loading, embedded signatures, non-
contiguous transmissions, and pulse shaping
DEMO:• GOAL: Suppressing out-of-band radiation of an OFDM signal through shaping
– for coexistence of more signals in a limited frequency band• SCENARIO: A high-power OFDM-based secondary transmission at a frequency adjacent to an
OFDM-based primary system– Secondary Tx is positioned next to the primary Rx– Baseband Tx/Rx chains run on our highly reconfigurable Iris 2.0 software radio platform. USRP is the
RF front-end– Primary system transmits audio over air
– Primary RX cannot receive and play audio due to adjacent channel interference, when secondary Tx applies no shaping
PAPERS in DySPAN 2010: 1) “Experiences from the Iris Testbed in Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access Experimentation” – Thu, 14:15-15:45, Room: Ocean 1 , 2) “Dynamic Block-Edge Masks (BEMs) for Dynamic Spectrum Emission Masks (SEMs)” – Thu, 14:15-15:45, Room: Ocean 3
• SETUP: 3 pairs of “1 Laptop+1 USRP” for interfering Tx, primary Tx and primary Rx– Laptops run baseband TX and RX chains implemented on Iris 2.0– Baseband samples transferred to/received from USRP over USB– USRP transmits/receives signal over air
Suppression of adjacent channel interference through shaping
No shaping → Harmful adjacent interference, no audio
OFDM-based Dynamic Spectrum Access
Milan Zivkovic, Dominik Auras, Rudolf Mathar
RWTH Aachen University
28
Demonstration scenario
PU
SU USRP USRP
USRP USRP
f2 MHz
f500 kHz
cf
Interference-free coexistence of two OFDM systems within a common frequency band
SU system detects parts of unused spectrum and adapts its transmission parameters (used subchannels, rate and power allocation) satisfying given requirements (constrained total power, required rate, BER)
The performance of PU transmission is not affected by SUcommunication
Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Informationstechnik
29
System architecture Reconfigurable continuous one-way
transmission of OFDM symbol frames Baseband signal processing is
implemented in GNU Radio Blocks for adaptive (de)mapping and
power loading allows for capacity achieving functionality
The backbone of the system is realized over local Ethernet network by CORBA event service
The central control unit (resource manager) determines optimal transmission parameters for given requirements
Resource manager can be easily configured for different DSA scenarios
Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Informationstechnik
Digital and Analog Solution for Low-power Multi-band Sensing
Sofie Pollin, Eduardo Lopez, Anthony Antoun, Peter Van Wesemael, Lieven Hollevoet, Andre Bourdoux, Antoine Dejonghe, Liesbet Van der
Perre
IMEC
imec/restricted 2010 31
A single reconfigurable analog front-end: Scanning from 100MHz to 6GHz
500 MHz 2.5 GHz
• 40 nm RFIC• On chip ADC• 100 MHz -> 6 GHz
Prototype demonstrating sensing capabilities of IMEC Scaldio2B RFIC
imec confidential 2009
A sensing enabled digital front-end:Further band selection and FFT processing
Digital Channel Selection
DigitalMulti-bandProcessing
An algorithm for multi-band sensing:Iterative Leakage Removal
33
Transmitted Signal:
Filtered Received Signal
After FFT
After leakageremoval
Many small spectrum holes
Holes Identified
TV White Space Video Streaming Demo
Ser Wah Oh, Yonghong Zeng, Weiqiang Zhang, Syed Naveen A. A., Francois Chin
Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A*STAR
Jun 7, 10
Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Goals and Architecture• Goals
– Testing spectrum sensing in real-world environment– Showcasing opportunistic utilization of unoccupied
spectrum for communication
• Architecture
TV Band UHF RF RF Receiver -
Broadband Tuner
ADC & DDC
RF Front End Digital Front End
44MHz IF 5.5MHz IF
Covariance Algorithm
Spurious Detection
DIGITAL HARDWARE PLATFORM
TV WHITE-SPACE SPECTRUM SENSING PROTOTYPE
Graphical User Interface
SpectrumManager
PC PLATFORM
Monopole Antenna
Jun 7, 10
Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Demo 1
Video Transmitter
Antenna Antenna
VideoReceiver
Video Receiver
TV WHITE SPACE DEVICE
Display 1
Display 2
SECONDARY USER
PRIMARY USER
Channel N1 / N2
Channel N1 / N2
Channel N1
Channel N2
Jun 7, 10
Imagination to Reality http://www.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Demo 2Antenna Antenna
DTV Demodulator
DTVModulator
Tunable RF Attenuator
TV WHITE SPACE DEVICE
Frequency: 512 – 698 MHzBandwidth: 6 MHz