Patti Anklam 2009
IFAD Asia DivisionNet Work and Network
Analysis
Patti Anklam
July 24, 2009
A NetWorkShop
Patti Anklam 2009 2
Agenda
Time Goal
9:00 – 9:15 Introductions & Goals
9:15 – 10:00 Personal networks and their role in network development
10:00 – 10:15 Break10:15 – 11:00 Overview of Networks and Net Work
11:00 – 12:00 IFAD Asia Division Network Analysis
12:00 – 12:30 Action planning: Sustaining the Network
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Goals
� Share Net Work thinking – why networks are important
� Show the dynamics of network growth� Illustrate your personal networks and the role they
play in the work of IFAD� Present the “current state” IFAD Asia Division
network � Action planning – what steps can you take?
Patti Anklam 2009
About Networks
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Networking is about making and leveraging personal connections
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Net Work is about identifying, creating, and sustaining networks
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What is a network?
� “An interwoven or interrelated number of things…”
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History of the Network Perspective
� New York Times, April 3, 1933
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1967: Six Degrees of Separation
Stanley Milgram, Yale University
OmahaBoston
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The new science of networks
� Beginning in the 1990’s computer science made it possible to map and analyze large networks
� Beginning in 2002-2003, the network insights started to become accessible
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BusinessWeek, February 27, 2006
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What we learned from the science
� Networks can be drawn� Relationships (ties) among people (nodes) can be
analyzed:� Counted, summed, averaged� Grouped, segmented
� Patterns matter
11%2.581
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Science gave proof to instinct: Networks Matter
� At work:� High performers have better networks� People with better networks stay in their jobs longer� Network-savvy managers are more likely to be
promoted� People with higher
social capital coordinate projectsmore effectively
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Science gave proof to instinct: Networks Matter
� In life:� People with strong networks have a better chance of
full recovery from heart attacks� We are defined by the networks we are in
� Obesity studies� Smokers
New York Times,, May 22, 2008
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How do we start to look at networks?
� Nodes� Ties (links)
� Connected� Directional
� Triangles� Open
� Closed
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Different network views
� Personal networks� Does my personal network fulfill the different aspects of
myself (emotional, learning, mission, career)� Is my network diverse enough so that I can learn from and
access talents and resources that I may need?
� Organizational networks� Are the right people connected?� Are there gaps between organizational groups?� Who are the people who move knowledge through the
network? Are they being acknowledged for this?
Patti Anklam 2009
Personal Networks
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Personal Networks
� Your family, friends, neighborhood communities� Business groups and organizations you belong to� The individuals you have ties to� The people your ties are connected to
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Types of ties
� Strong ties: � Close, frequent� Reciprocal
� Weak ties� Infrequent interaction� No emotional connection
� Absent ties� No personal connection beyond “nodding”
Dunbar’s number: 150
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Personal Network Mapping Exercise
Individual’s NameRelationship to You
Personal/Friendship
Professional / Informational
Joint ProjectCount
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Exercise: Mapping Your Personal Network
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Views of the personal network
� Leader� Sponsor
� Leader
� Core member� Active participant
� Peripheral member
Position
Composition
Role(s)
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Go back to your list
� Location diversity:� How many of the people are in your local workgroup (IFAD
Rome)?� How many of the people are IFAD in other locations?� How many non-IFAD?
� Topic diversity:� How many of these people share your skills and expertise?� How many are in different fields from yours?
� Strength diversity:� How many strong vs weak ties?
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The sum of your personal networks…
� Contributes to the overall success of IFAD� Asia Division� Overall
� How can you leverage your weak ties and bring them into the network?
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Personal net work activities
� Create and sustaining relationships� Asking for help� Helping when asked� Creating ties and links – making introductions� What are the ways that you sustain your relationships?
� Purposeful maintenance� Looking for effective structure� Watching for diversity (beyond the current group)� Balance strong ties and weak ties
Patti Anklam 2009
Organizational Networks
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Different network views
� Personal networks� Does my personal network fulfill the different aspects of
myself (emotional, learning, mission, career)� Is my network diverse enough so that I can learn from and
access talents and resources that I may need?
� Organizational networks� Is the network “sufficiently” connected?� Are the right people connected?� Are there gaps between organizational groups?� Who are the people who move knowledge through the
network? Are they being acknowledged for this?
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Organizational networks
� Formal� Often centralized or hierarchical� Fixed relationships� Defined patterns of
information flow
� Informal� “How work gets done” (bypasses
structure)� Fluid relationships� Patterns of information flow are
defined by individuals’ ties
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Network analysis helps map the differences
Formal Informal
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Social Network Analysis
� Can map many dimensions of relationships:
•Work together •Trust each other
•Seek advice from •Support
•Friendship •Communication
� For IFAD, we looked at:
•Communication (interactions)
•Knowledge (of each others’ talent & experience)•Opportunity (that increased communication would offer)
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Social Network Analysis Prompts Questions
� It lets us look at patterns:� Are certain people overly central?� Are some people loosely connect and therefore under-
utilized?� Are there divisive subgroups?� Is the network’s level of connection sufficient?� Are we acknowledging the work of the connectors?
� So as to improve:� Business problems caused by lack of flow of knowledge� Effectiveness of interactions among people in the
organization
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Methodology
� Have a business goal� Understand the context
� Collect data� Surveys� Interviews� Web & email statistics
� Analysis� Visual� Mathematical
� Interpretation� Action •Colors indicate geographic regions
•#25 is the network leader•#14 is due to retire next year
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SNA Reveals: Network Structure
Heterarchy: TeamsHub and Spoke: Starting Context
Core/Periphery: Healthy End State
Random Connections: Discoverable
Hierarchy: Command and Control
Stovepipes
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SNA Reveals: Network maturity
Scattered Clusters
Multi-hub Small WorldSource: Valdis Krebs
Core/Periphery
Hub & Spoke
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SNA Reveals: Patterns for different types of work
Functional Need Effective Network Pattern
Complex knowledge transfer (teams)Strong tiesPeople aware of each other’s knowledge
Simple knowledge transferWeak ties are sufficient
Simple coordinationHub and spoke network
Transformation, change managementStrong ties from the hub to central connectors in sub-networks
Complex coordinationDense, de-centralized network
InnovationExtensive weak ties to diverse groups
Public good, field & policy networksStrong and multiple ties to diverse groups
Patti Anklam 2009
ENRAP Knowledge NetworkOrganizational Network Analysis
November 2008
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Topics
� Responses (50 of 73 people surveyed)� Demographics of respondents
� Perspectives on knowledge sharing� Means of communication� Value of the ENRAP network
� Network relationship questions� By country, group, and interactions
� Personal network statistics
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Responses by Role
Group Surveyed Responded Percentage
Country Teams 18 14 77.77%
CPMs 12 9 75.00%
ENRAP PCU 2 2 100.00%
IFAD HQ 5 4 80.00%
IFAD Project staff 35 20 58.82%
Totals 72 50 69.4%
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Responses by Country
Country/Group # Surveyed #Responded Percent
Afghanistan 1 1 100%Bangladesh 4 3 75%Cambodia and Indonesia 6 5 83%China 6 4 67%Fiji and Pacific Islands 4 3 75%IDRC 2 2 100%IFAD 4 3 75%India 9 6 67%Iran 2 2 100%Lao PDR 3 2 67%Mongolia and Maldives 3 1 33%Nepal and Bhutan 6 6 100%Pakistan and Kyrgztan 6 3 50%Philippines and Sri Lanka 12 6 50%Vietnam 4 3 75%
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Respondent demographics: Primary Languages
� 20% of respondents list English as a primary language
� 97% of respondents indicate English as a language competency
Languages with 2 or more native speakers:
Other Languages Represented
Cebuano, Czech, Dzongkha, Farsi, Azari, Fijan, Fiji Hindi, Finnish, Hriam Tong (A Tribal Dialect), Indonesian, Japanese, Khmer, Manipuri, Mao( Mother Tongue), Mongolian, Oriya, Pashtu, Punjabi, Russian, Singhalese, Sinhala, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, Urdu
Patti Anklam 2009
Perspectives on knowledge sharing
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How people communicate
Use6 = Daily5 = Weekly4 = Monthly3 = few times/year2 = Yearly or less1 =Never
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How people value the IFAD Asia Division network
Range7 = Strongly agree6 = Agree5 = Somewhat agree4 = Neutral3 = Somewhat disagree2 = Disagree1 = Strongly disagree
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How people value the ENRAP networkBy country and by role
Range7 = Strongly agree6 = Agree5 = Somewhat agree4 = Neutral3 = Somewhat disagree2 = Disagree1 = Strongly disagree
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Views of the Network Maps and Metrics
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Looking at maps
� Reminder of goal of this SNA:� Establish a baseline of existing relationships among IFAD
program staff across country boundaries� So as to be able to measure progress in a year’s time
� Maps are drawn from incomplete data� The data is a snapshot in time� We show relationships between people even if only one of
those people actually answered the survey
� The additional opportunity is to look for insights about how to further enhance the knowledge network
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Metrics Terminology – Baseline Measures
� Baseline Group Measures� Density – Robustness of network (group measure)
� Number of connections that exist in the group out of 100% possible in that network
� General level of linkage. More points connected means quicker and more accurate information flow
� Distance (Cohesion) – Ease with which people can connect� Distance is the shortest path between two people.
Lee--->Ted = 2 NOT 3
Lee
Bob
Ted
Ann
Sue
Al
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Metrics Terminology – Individual Measures
� Centrality (Individual measures)� In-degree
� Actual number of direct connections that individuals have with others in the group or average among a group (in-degree)
� Betweenness� Individuals who have more ties to others may be in more
advantaged positions; they may have access to more of the information or knowledge in the network
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Network Relationship Questions
� Interactions: How frequently people interact across this network� Used to get a sense of how knowledge is flowing across
the network� Also shows “who doesn’t know whom”
� Knowledge:” How well do people understand the skills and knowledge of others� Helps to show whether more work is needed to make
introductions, make people aware of each other
� Opportunity: How much increased communication with specific individuals can enhance effectiveness
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Demographics
� Maps use color coding to denote countries (with some country areas combined)
� We use the software to remove or show specific roles, identified as:� Country Program Managers (CPMs)� Country Teams� IFAD Project staff (in the field)� IFAD Asia-Pacific Division Staff� IDRC Staff
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Results Selection
� From potentially thousands of possible combinations, we chose to show those that:� Highlight the density of interactions across the network as a
whole� Demonstrate the cross-country interaction� Highlight the people who are key brokers and connectors
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Awareness of others(Full Network)
“I know this person and have had some interaction w ith them.” Density: 29%Distance: 1.6
Agha Imran Hamid
Amjad Ali Toor Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Ann Lily Marie O Uvero
Antonio B Menor
Anura Herath
Apoorva Mishra
Ariko Toda
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Hashibul Alam
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kati Manner
Kenneth Pala
Keshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith Patrick Chen
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sana JattaSangay
Sarath Fernando
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Soulivanh
Sunil Fernanado
Susan Perez
Thomas Elhaut
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. TianY. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
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The key people in the network(Respondents Only)
Node sizes indicate relative “betweenness”
“I interact with this person at least once every o ther week.”
Agha Imran Hamid
Ankita Handoo
Anura HerathApoorva Mishra
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur ShresthaDjadi Purnomo
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Kati MannerKeshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Jayamanne
Pravanjan MahopatraQaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sangay
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Soulivanh
Susan Perez
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Density: 9.8Distance: 2.6
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The key people in the network(Respondents Only, Minus CPMs, IDRC and IFAD AP Division Staff)
Node sizes indicate relative “influence”
Red lines : At least once a month (Density 3%)Grey lines : Some interaction, but less than once a month (30% )
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26
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44
1341
45
31
38
46
57
3
43 37
35
7230
70
9
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32
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18
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16
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Frequency of interaction: CPMs
“I interact with this person MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK .” Density: 47.7%Distance: 1.05
42
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36
47
1
29
5
48
60
15
55
10
Did not respond to the survey
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Red lines : At least once a month (9%)Grey lines : Less than once a month (Density = 44%)
Frequency of Interaction: IFAD Country Teams(From Full Network; Diamonds indicate non-respondents)
Agha Imran Hamid
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Anura Herath
Bashu Aryal
Hashibul Alam
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Mariam Rikhana
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Patrick Chen
Qaim Shah
Siale Bain-Vete
Soulivanh
Susan Perez
Ung Moni
Vincent Darlong
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
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Interaction detail: IFAD Country Teams(From Full Network; Diamonds indicate non-respondents)
“I interact with this person AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH. ”
Agha Imran Hamid
Anirudh TewariAnkita Handoo
Anura Herath
Bashu Aryal
Hashibul Alam
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Mariam Rikhana
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Patrick Chen
Qaim Shah
Siale Bain-Vete
SoulivanhSusan Perez
Ung Moni
Vincent Darlong
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
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Interaction Frequency: IFAD Project Staff(From Full Network)
Red lines : At least once a month (Density = 2%)Grey lines : Less than once a month (Density 20%)
Amjad Ali Toor
Ann Lily Marie O Uvero
Antonio B Menor
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Govinda Kafley
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kenneth Pala
Keshab Acharya
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Rahim Ullah
Sangay
Sarath Fernando
Sheik Md Mohsin
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Sunil Fernanado
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Zhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 59
Interaction detail: IFAD Project Staff(From Full Network)
“I interact with this person AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH. ”
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45
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Look for gaps, opportunities across groups(Respondents Only)
Country Teams
IDRC CPMs IFAD HQ Project
n= 18 2 12 5 35
Country Teams 4% 60% 10% 22% 4%IDRC 37% 100% 0% 50% 7%CPMs 4% 6% 63% 63% 4%
IFAD HQ 11% 67% 89% 100% 0%Project 4% 21% 5% 10% 2%
Density = % of ties that exist out of total possibleDiagonal = within-group ties
“I interact with this person at least ONCE EVERY O THER WEEK”
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Look for gaps, opportunities across countries(Full Network)
“I interact with this person at least ONCE A MONT H”
Pak/Kryg India Phil/Sri Mon/Mal Vietnam Nep/Bhu Iran China Cam/Ind Lao PDR Bangl Afgh Fiji/Pac
n= 3 6 6 1 3 6 2 4 5 2 1 3
Pak/Kryg 33% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
India 4% 46% 1% 4% 6% 2% 11% 4% 2% 0% 3% 11% 8%
Phil/Sri 0% 1% 19% 0% 2% 1% 4% 1% 0% 0% 0% 17% 2%
Mong/Mal 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Vietnam 0% 6% 0% 8% 42% 0% 13% 4% 4% 17% 6% 25% 6%
Nep/Bhu 3% 6% 8% 11% 4% 60% 17% 3% 3% 0% 4% 33% 13%
Iran 17% 6% 13% 17% 13% 8% 50% 8% 8% 0% 13% 50% 13%
China 3% 4% 3% 6% 8% 6% 17% 43% 3% 0% 8% 17% 8%
Camb/Ind 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 4%
Lao PDR 0% 0% 8% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 11% 67% 0% 0% 0%
Bangl 4% 3% 2% 8% 6% 4% 13% 4% 4% 0% 58% 25% 6%
Afgh 17% 11% 8% 33% 25% 17% 50% 17% 17% 0% 25% -- 25%
Fiji/Pac Is 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 58%
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Knowing each other(Full Network)
“I understand this person’s knowledge and skills.”Response is Agree (5) or Strongly Agree (6)
Density: 14%Distance: 1.98
20% density when responses are “somewhat agree, agree, and strongly agree”
Agha Imran Hamid
Amjad Ali Toor
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Ann Lily Marie O Uvero
Antonio B Menor
Anura Herath
Apoorva Mishra
Ariko Toda
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Hashibul Alam
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kati Manner
Kenneth Pala
Keshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Chen
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sana Jatta
Sangay
Sarath Fernando
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Soulivanh
Sunil Fernanado
Susan Perez
Thomas Elhaut
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Tian
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 63
The “don’t know” aspect(Full Network)
“I understand this person’s knowledge and skills.”
Response is Strongly Disagree
Density: 78%
Agha Imran Hamid
Amjad Ali Toor
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Ann Lily Marie O UveroAntonio B Menor
Anura Herath
Apoorva Mishra
Ariko Toda
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Hashibul Alam
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kati Manner
Kenneth Pala
Keshab AcharyaMahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Chen
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan MahopatraQaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sana Jatta
Sangay
Sarath Fernando
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Soulivanh
Sunil Fernanado
Susan Perez
Thomas Elhaut
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Tian
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 64
Look for gaps, opportunities across groups(Full Network)
Density = % of ties that exist out of total possibleDiagonal = within group ties
“I understand this person’s knowledge and skills.”
Response is Agree (5) or Strongly Agree (6)
Country Teams
Project IDRC CPMs IFAD HQ
n= 18 34 2 12 5
Country Teams 16% 6% 58% 21% 36%Project 6% 4% 36% 17% 26%IDRC 58% 32% 100% 50% 88%CPMs 11% 7% 8% 41% 44%IFAD HQ 49% 10% 75% 73% 75%
Patti Anklam 2009 65
42
67
36
47
1
29
5
48
60
15
55
10
CPMs
“I interact with this person MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK .”
Density: 47.7%Distance: 1.05
Did not respond to the survey
42
67
36
47
1
29
5
48
60
15
55
10
“I STRONGLY AGREE that I know this person’s knowledge and skills.”
Patti Anklam 2009 66
Agha Imran Hamid
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Anura Herath
Apoorva Mishra
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Isabel Tejo
Jebun NaharKati Manner
Keshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Jayamanne
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sangay
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Soulivanh
Susan Perez
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Improving Results(Responded Only)
“I am likely to improve results if I could communic ate more with this person.”
Response is Likely (4) or Very Likely (5)
Name Count
Thomas Elhaut 30
Shalini Kala 28
Maria Donnat 26
Apoorva Mishra 24
Martina Spiasiakova 23
Ronald Hartman 23
Yolando Arban 20
Carla De Gregorio 19
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The Personal Network Data
� 37 people responded to the request to list up to 15 people “whom they rely on to accomplish their work”� The intent was to gain insight into how diverse networks
are in terms of working with people outside of one’s local office.
� Respondents listed an average of 12.5 people� Results:
� An additional 276 people and an additional 343 ties
Patti Anklam 2009 68
In the extended network
� On average, 35% of these personal networks consist of people in the same group
� 68% of these people are in the same country� 30.6% of people are outside of the IFAD/IDRC/ENRAP
network� People added by 3 or more respondents:
� Riza Rosal, � Shankar Kutty, � Shahell Rafique, � Martina Huonder, � Imelda Posadas, � He Qibin, � Jeszal Topacio,
Patti Anklam 2009 69
Full network view
A. Alam
A. V. Parajuli
Abdou
Abdou Bousselham
Abdou Mohammed
Abhijeet Mukherjee
Adrian Marbaniang
50
Ajantha Kumarasiri - Finance Ministry, ERD
Akmal Hussain
Alamoti F - MORDI Kiribati
Aleki Sisifa
Alex delos Santos, NMCIREMP
Aloysius Fernandez
53
Anara Jumabayeva
Andrew Speedy
26
59
58
63
AP Regmi
19
42
Ashok Seth
Assistant Secretary Dolly
67
Bal Claver
Bandara, Manager Civil works
44
Batbayar, ministry of finance
Bebeth Padre
Benedicto Bayaua
Benny Irwan
Betero Fuatia
Binai Lama
BK Dallakoti
Bounlouane
Bounta
Brett Shapiro
Budget Director
Cameron P. Odsey
Capt. Waqar, PD NWFP BADP
36
Celedonia Saldevar
Chan Darong
Charles Picpican
21
Chattawa
CPMs
13
D.Angar, ministry of finance
D.Galsanbuyan, ministry of MOFA
DADO's of Project Districts
41
Daniel IngthDaniela Marra
Danny Dalilis
DAR officemates/colleagues
DAR-IFAD Project staff
Darmasiri Finance Manager
Dasho Sherub Gyaltshen
Dev Nathan
Dewo Putranto
DFO'S of Project Districts
45
Dhrubajyoti Nath
Dhrupad Choudhary
Dir. Herminia B. San Juan, DAR
Director, FAPsO Finance
31DLSO'S of Project Districts
14
Dorothy Bellogini
38
Dr. Choudhury, ICIMOD
Dr. P.C.Oraon
Duan Qibin
Duong Quynh Le
Edna Cabaoig
Edward Mallorie
Eko
Emelie Daquipil
Eric Weiss
Evelyn Valeriano
Fakavae Taomia
Fakavae Toamia - MORDI Regional
Fedrick Abyratna - UNDP
Feng Yaobin
Field Presence Officers
Floyd Robinson - MORDI Fiji
Franklin Bonifacio
22
46
Gyanendra Kaysatha
Ha Van Hoa
Hari Upadhyaya
2
40
He Qibin
He Xiaojun
Herve Conan
Hoang Van Son
Hok Kimthourn
Houmphanh
Hrishikesh Singh
Huynh Van Tao
Imelda Posadas
57
J.Jargalsaihan, ministry of finance
James McManners
3
Jeszel Topacio
Jimmy McManner
Joe Gillen
Joint Secretary Mahesh Dahal MLD
Joint Secretary Mukunda Raj Prakash NPC
joji flores
Jose Dado
Judith D'Souza
56
Junaid Iqbal, Additional Secretary, EAD
11
K Khanal
51
Kariyawasam, District Manager
Karla
Karma Tenzin
Katherine Mitchell
47
KC Poudel
28
Keo Vibol
43
Keshav Kanel
Keshav Nepal
Kezang Dorji
Khanthaly
Kinisemere Waqa - MORDI Fiji
Kris Monzales
Kumarasiri/ External Resource Department
Kunzang
Kuwan Sinh
Lalith Haturusinghe - Ministry of Agric.
Lattanakhone
Laurent Elder
Laxman Gautam
LDO'S of project Districts
Le Thi Dien
Letho Dukpa
Li Hongping
Liam Chicca
Liu Fang
Lord Reasmey
Loreen Ngwele - MORDI Regional
Luna David
Luu Quang Khanh
Lyonpo Pema Gyamtsho
Lyonpo Pema Gyantsho
37
Majula Amerasinhe - ADB
Maliha Hussein
Manitasi Leger - MORDI Tonga
Manohar Sharma
Mao Narith
1
Maria Ng
Maria Zaccardelli
Maria, PI, IFAD
35
Marita Manley
Martina
Martina Huonder
23
72
29
Megam Ritchi
Meng Sakphouseth
Michael Rayner
Mohamed Boussalhem
Mohammad Ali, FAOMohammad Farrah, FAOMohammad Hussain Bhatti, FAO, CDP
mohammed bousselham
30
Mr. Bahman Mansuri
Mr. Hossain Ajdari
Mr. Javad jahangirzadeh
Mr. Nicola FaviaMr. Siruse Entekhabi
Mr. Sunil AbrahamMrs. BanihashMrs. Dr. Alirezanejad
Mrs. Fariba Aghakhani
Mrs. Laleh Daraii
Mrs. Mitra najafiMrs. Zari Eskandari
Mrs/Mr. Satche
Mua Tausie
Muthumala, DFistrict Manager
N.Batsuuri, State Secretary, MoFA
NEDA/DBM/DOF/Bureau of Treasury
nestor estoesta
Nguyen Anh Quan
Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
Nguyen Thu Hoai
Nguyen Truc Son
68 705
Nihal Attapattu - CIDA
Nim Dorji
Nong Thi My Hanh
NR Baral
9
P Samarasinghe
P.Bayanmonh, ministry food and agriculturePatricia Picconi
12
64
Pawan Kumar
71
Peter Sittu
Phan Thanh Bien
Phan Thanh Nhan
Phan Van Nhan
Phengkit
Phet Sayo
Phuong Tien Tan
Piyasena , Ministry Secretary
32
Premalal Kuruppuarachchi - FAO
Priyanthi Fernando
Project Budget Officer/AccountantProject Directors
Project Staff
punam t.surin
Pushpakumara, District Manager
54
Raghav Gaiha
52
Rahimullah
Ramil Rodriguez
Randunu , Monitoring Officer
Ranjan pathak
Rashda Syed
Riza Rosal
RK Pradhan
robert anthony
Roi Avena
48
Roxanne Samii
60
6
Sanjay bhagat
Sanjeev Kumar Shrestha
Saomany
65
Scott Leiper
Secretary Ganga Datta Awasthi MLD
Section Officer Subash Shivakoti MLD
Senarath Banadara District Manager
Shafiullah Shaheel Rafique
20
shampa roy Shankar Kutty
Shanta Muni Tamrakar
4
49Silvia Guizzardi
Sim Moeun
Siosiua Halavatau
Sisilia Fangua - MORDI Tonga
Soane Patolo - MORDI TOnga
Somchith
Son Thi Anh Hong
7 34
39
SP Joshi
SP Upadhyaya
Sri Damayanti
Sriram Subramanian
Staff of other IFAD-assisted projects in the Phils.
Staff/Point person of other cooperating agencies
Stefania Cappai
Su Juan
Subir Pradhan
Sunil Abraham
66
Suon Sokheng
Supanca
Surya P. Acharya
61
Susi
Svetlana Balkhova
Sylvia Guizzardi
sylvie martin
Tahir Orakzai, PD, SFDP
Tekai Ataraki - MORDI Kiribati
Teng Lao
Teretia Tororo - MORDI Kiribati
Terrence Abysekara - World Bank
Thelma Paris
15
Thongsone
TN Acharya
Tom Anyonge
Tong Minh Vien
Tran Hoan Kim
Tran Thi Vien
Tshering TenzinTshewang Gyaltshen
Tung
Ugen Norbu
Ugen Tshewang
Under Secretary Dhurba Dahal MLD
Under Secretary Kedar Neupane MLD
Under Secretary Reshmi Pandey MLD
Under Secretary Shyam Nidhi Tiwari MOF
Under Secretary Zenaida maglaya
8
Valentina Camaleonte
69
Vijaylakshmi Brara
18
33
27
Vivi S.
Wang Bo
Wang Geng
Waqar Abbasi, Dy. Secretary, EAD
Willem Bettink
Wolfgang, WFP
Wu Xingzhong
5510
Yan Pieter
Yang Saing Koma
17
62
Youqiong Wang
Yun Ryong Chan
Zhang wen
16
Zou Ciyong
Patti Anklam 2009 70
Summary
� The ENRAP network is currently connected by:� IFAD AP division staff and ENRAP
� CPMs� A few people who have three or more ties across country boundaries
� Connections within the countries are healthy. Exceptions may be simple to explain
� If you want to decrease the involvement of the central staff (and eventually IDRC), then you will want to look for ways to increase the cross-boundary connections
� The density of connectivity is at the level of “at least once a month”is good. The question is whether this is the level of interaction that you would like to see, or if you would like it to be better
� Network analyses are open to interpretation, and are intended toshow patterns that prompt good questions and spark joint learning and action
Patti Anklam 2009
Going forward from here
Patti Anklam 2009 72
The network view provides access to managing a network’s context
� You can design a network� Selecting appropriate elements of purpose and style
� You can examine it� Looking at its structure, value flow, or relationships
� You can create or respond to change� By understanding the network’s context and its properties
Patti Anklam 2009 73
The leader’s net work
1. Network intentionally2. Practice network stewardship3. Embrace technology 4. Create the capacity for net work5. Use the network lens6. Intervene carefully
Patti Anklam 2009 74
1. Network Intentionally
� Create connections� Randomly� Mindfully� Between individuals and across groups
� Increase the flow of knowledge� Technology, events
� Discover connections� Correct impedances
� Overly central people or bottlenecks
� Increase diversity
A
C
B
A
C
B
A
C
B
Patti Anklam 2009 75
2. Practice network stewardship
� You can design a network� To support client groups and organizational initiatives� To manage a KM program
� You can examine it� Looking at its structure, value flow, or relationships
� You can create or respond to change� By understanding the network’s context and its properties
The network view provides access to managing a network’s context
Patti Anklam 2009 76
3. Embrace technology
� Leverage technology to discover networks� Encourage the use of technology
� “Network productivity trumps personal productivity*”
*Stowe Boyd, “Flow: A New Consciousness For A Web Of Traffic”, http://www.stoweboyd.com/message/files/flow.pdf
Patti Anklam 2009 77
4. Create capacity
� Reward good network behaviors� Encourage outreach� Bring the outside in� Establish and transmit norms
for networking� Enhance skills in using
collaborative networkingtechnologies and social tools
Patti Anklam 2009 78
5. Use the “network lens”
� If it’s a network, you can draw it.� Pick up your pencil
� Think about the relationships that exist� In your personal network� Among individuals� Across roles and entities
� Target leverage points� Look for what’s missing
Patti Anklam 2009 79
6. Intervene carefully
� You can’t manage a network, you can only manage its context
� Slight alterations in the structure can create significant change over time
� Look for “safe-fail”experiments
Patti Anklam 2009
Backup Slides: More onNet Work
Patti Anklam 2009 81
� Purpose� Structure� Style� Value
The network view provides access to understanding a network’s properties
Patti Anklam 2009 82
Network Properties: Purpose
82
Aid and support people, environmentCreate economic
gain for stakeholders
Generate and collaborate in
creating and using ideas
Practice-focused learning and personal development
Nurture emotional and affiliative relationships
Patti Anklam 2009 83
Purpose drives the design factors
� What networks are you in?� What would these look like if
you drew them?� What do the leadership
models look like for these?� What roles do you play in
each of them?� What value do you receive
from them?� What value does the network
itself produce?
Patti Anklam 2009 84
SNA Reveals: Patterns of Individual Roles
Peripheral specialistsInformation broker
Central connector
Influencer
Patti Anklam 2009 85
Network Properties: Style
� What are members like?� How does it “feel” to be in the network?� How does it engage its members?� How is it led?
Patti Anklam 2009 86
Locus: Place, Space, and Pace
� Physical place� Campaign events bring the networks into a physical place
� Virtual space� Internet interactions, collaboration spaces, email
conversations, etc.
� Pace� Frequency of interactions in the network
Patti Anklam 2009 87
Culture
� Core values, shared values� Trust and reciprocity� Transparency� Shared symbols, rituals, language� Appropriate to the current culture and norms
87
Patti Anklam 2009 88
Types of interaction
� Transactional� Exchange of explicit information� Driven by action, tasks, commitments
� Knowledge-based� Structured in a learning network� Implicit sharing
� Personal� Developing stronger ties by sharing information about
yourself
Patti Anklam 2009 89
Style orientations
Collaboration Connection
Network Individual
Top-down Emergent
Closed Open
Outcome Discovery
Transaction Knowledge
Tangible Intangible
Patti Anklam 2009 90
Network Properties: Value
� What value is associated with the network’s purpose?
� WII-FM (“What’s in it for me?”)
� Connections?
� Knowledge?� Competencies?� Resources?
� Something else?� How does value flow within the network?
Patti Anklam 2009 91
Summary
� You can characterize networks by looking at purpose, structure, style, and value properties
� Creating and sustaining successful networks means paying attention to all of these attributes
Patti Anklam 2009
SNA Maps & Charts Not Used in Main NetWorkShop Slides
Patti Anklam 2009 93
The Nature of Connections
� What means do you use to connect with each of the people you list in your close network?
� What are the reasons that you connect with these people?
Patti Anklam 2009 94
Which Means for Which Types of Interaction?
Using “Multiple Means” for “Multiple Reasons” elicited 125 responses; it is not shown in the table above.
Patti Anklam 2009 95
Frequency of interactions(Respondents Only)
“I interact with this person at least once every o ther week.” Density: 9.8%Distance: 2.6
Agha Imran Hamid
Ankita Handoo
Anura Herath Apoorva Mishra
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase PalmeriCui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Kati Manner Keshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick JayamannePravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sangay
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Soulivanh
Susan Perez
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando ArbanZhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 96
The key people in the network(Full Network)
Node sizes indicate relative “betweenness”
“I interact with this person at least once every o ther week.”
Agha Imran Hamid
Ankita Handoo
Anura HerathApoorva Mishra
Atsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur ShresthaDjadi Purnomo
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Kati MannerKeshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Mattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Jayamanne
Pravanjan MahopatraQaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sangay
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Soulivanh
Susan Perez
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 97
Frequency of interactions(Full Network)
“I interact with this person at least once a month .” Density: 6%Distance: 2.6
Agha Imran Hamid
Amjad Ali Toor
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Ann Lily Marie O Uvero
Antonio B Menor
Anura HerathApoorva Mishra
Ariko TodaAtsuko Toda
Bashu Aryal
Carla De Gregorio
Chase Palmeri
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam DagvaaDhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Ganesh Thapa
Govinda Kafley
Hashibul Alam
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kati Manner
Kenneth PalaKeshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Maria Donnat
Mariam Rikhana
Martina Spisiakova
Mary Jean T. PachecoMattia Prayer Galleti
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Nigel Brett
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Chen
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Ronald Hartman
Sana Jatta
Sangay
Sarath Fernando
Shalini Kala
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Soulivanh
Sunil Fernanado
Susan Perez
Thomas Elhaut
Thomas Rath
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Y. Tian
Y. Wang
Yinhong Sun
Yolando Arban
Zhigang Zheng
Patti Anklam 2009 98
The key people in the network(Minus CPMs, IDRC and IFAD AP Division Staff)
Node sizes indicate relative “betweenness”
Red lines : At least once a monthGrey lines : Some interaction, but less than once a month
Diamond shapes indicate non-respondents
Agha Imran Hamid
Amjad Ali Toor
Anirudh Tewari
Ankita Handoo
Ann Lily Marie O Uvero
Antonio B Menor
Anura Herath
Bashu Aryal
Cui Shuli
Dalantainyam Dagvaa
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
Djadi Purnomo
Dongqing Zhao
Douangmala Chanthalangsy
Govinda Kafley
Hashibul Alam
Hassan Maaz Shareef
Isabel Tejo
Jebun Nahar
Julita A Ragandang
Jyotsana Sitling
Kamran Akbar
Kenneth Pala
Keshab Acharya
Mahdiyeh Pourshad
Mariam Rikhana
Mary Jean T. Pacheco
Moses Chalai
Nguyen Van Thanh
Ngyuen Thanh Tung
Ouk Vuthirith
Patrick Chen
Patrick Jayamanne
Peni Sakitora
Pravanjan Mahopatra
Qaim Shah
Rahim Ullah
Sangay
Sarath Fernando
Sheik Md Mohsin
Siale Bain-Vete
Song Sophal
Soulichanh Phonekeo
Soulivanh
Sunil Fernanado
Susan Perez
Ung Moni
Vien Tran Thi
Vikash Kumar
Vinay Kumar
Vincent Darlong
Yinhong Sun
Yolando ArbanZhigang Zheng