Pulse Processing in India: Performance and Prospects
Dr. Anirban Dasgupta
South Asian University
&
Ms. NavneetManchanda
Jawaharlal Nehru University
Introduction
• Empirical study of pulse processing in India using both secondary data & primary case studies
• Uses data for both the organized (ASI) as well as unorganized sector (NSS)
• Data from three NSS rounds on unorganized/unincorporated manufacturing carried out in 2000-01, 2005-06 & 2010-11
• Corresponding data for the organized sector from ASI for the relevant years(2009-10 instead of 2010-11)
• Two case studies carried out in Kotra district in Rajasthan & Gulbarga district in Karnataka
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
NSS 7896 8496 8034
ASI 703 1295 1265
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000Fr
eq
ue
ncy
Number of Organized and Unorganized Pulse Processing Mills
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
Rural 4041 2344 5900
Urban 3855 6152 2134
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000Fr
qu
en
cy
Rural-Urban Distribution of Unorganized Enterprises
173
301
423
530
994 842
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
Rural-Urban Distribution of Organized Enterprises
Urban
Rural
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
Nature of Operations(unorganised units)
Perrenial
Seasonal
Casual
Some Economic Features of the unorganized sector
Some Economic Features of the organized sector 2000-01
PlantSize Receipts Exp GVA Worker/Ent GVA/Worker K/L Freq
Small 5130434 4608695 518840 6 86473.33 127536 267
Medium 3.29E+07 3.10E+07 1905882 16 119117.6 105294 170
Large 1.44E+08 1.34E+08 9843750 33 2.98E+05 92578 256
Total 6.32E+07 5.89E+07 4303795 18 1.73E+05 109166 693
2005-06
PlantSize Receipts Exp GVA Worker/Ent GVA/Worker K/L Freq
Small 6803118 7524366 -730994 10 -70821 42495 493
Medium 3.38E+07 3.22E+07 1494923 15 1.03E+05 45177 394
Large 1.41E+08 1.35E+08 5601023 22 2.49E+05 99744 391
Total 5.62E+07 5.41E+07 2.10E+06 15 8.06E+04 60837 1278
2009-10
PlantSize Receipts Exp GVA Worker/Ent GVA/Worker K/L Freq
Small 6053811 5246636 789237 7 1.13E+05 45989 441
Medium 33976608 31637427 2304093 12 192007 83906 171
Large 1.92E+08 1.80E+08 10873950 23 4.73E+05 146326 595
Total 9.46E+07 8.87E+07 5.36E+06 11 2.33E+05 72133 1207
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
Yes 232 466 0
No 7664 8030 8034
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Fre
qu
en
cy
Undertaken any activity on Contract basis
Case Study 1: Kotra Daal Mill
• Single daal mill set up by a well-known NGO, SevaMandir in remote area of Kotra district in 2009
• Main objective was to help out the local producers in getting remunerative price without having to travel to nearest market in Gujarat
• Basic technology used in processing supplemented by local part time labour
• Widely used by producers in the area because of hassle-free procurement as well as high prices
• However, there is a major institutional deficit at the community level in terms of the capacity to run the operations
• Financial sustainability is also an issue • Replication of this model without the help of a mentor NGO is
suspect • Employment potential of such processing units is limited
Case Study 2: Gulbarga District, Karnataka
• Gulbarga is one of the leading tur (pigeon pea) producing district
• Long history of pulse processing in and around Gulbarga town to service local production
• Currently 308 registered units in the district operating across different scales
• Recent establishment of several large units with latest imported machinery, although they have not started working at full capacity
• At the same time there is evidence of distress among some of the smaller mills due to problems of procurement as well as working capital (to be elaborated)
• Restrictive trade policies of the Indian government was criticized universally by the individual processors as well as the daal mill association
• No evidence of contractual arrangements either with producers or marketing agents
• Overall, a situation that warrants cautious optimism
• Employment potential is limited irrespective of the scale of operation
