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C. Burk
Abstract A Marx-to
development fproject [1]. footprint, and bouncer-topolorequires 120 kof 5 Hz. The combining, inThe Marx emdiodes, to conthe cells. Actachieve the vstored energygeneration promodulator hasMW L-band testing. DeveP2, is underwaincorporates aredundancy anboth prototype
The ILC wiband klystron 140 A, 1.6 mbaseline klystrtopology. Th
Figure 1: Simred; HV charg
_____________________________
* Work supported DE-AC02-76SF
MARX M
khart#, A. Be
opology klysfor the InternaIt is envisionhigher reliabil
ogy, baseline kV (+/-0.5%), 1
Marx construn series, a nummploys solid ntrol the chargtive compensavoltage regula
y. The develototype, P1,
s been integrateklystron, whe
elopment of a ay. The P2 is an alternative cnd improve aves are presented
INTRODll require 576 will require a
ms (27 kJ) at aron modulator he large size
mplified schemaing along the u
________________
d by the U.S. DepaF00515 tanford.edu
MODULAT
enwell, T. BSLA
stron modulaational Linear
ned as a lowelity alternative
design. T140 A, 1.6 ms
ucts the high vmber of lowerstate element
ge, discharge aation of the ouation while mlopmental testhas been comed into a test sere each is usecond generabased on the Pcell configurat
vailability. Stad.
DUCTION Rf stations. Emodulator capa 5 Hz repetiemploys a tra
e, weight, and
atic of the ILC upper path, aux
rtment of Energy u
TOR DEV
Beukers, M. KAC, Menlo Pa
ator is undeCollider (ILC
er cost, smallee to the presenThe applicatio
pulses at a ratoltage pulse br voltage cellsts; IGBTs anand isolation output is used tminimizing thting of a firsmpleted. Thistand with a 1undergoing lifation prototypeP1 topology bution to increasatus updates fo
Each 10 MW Lpable of 120 kVtion rate. Th
ansformer-based cost of thi
Marx modulatxiliary along th
under contract
VELOPME
Kemp, R. Laark, CA 940
er C) er nt, on te y s.
nd of to he st is 0
fe e, ut se or
L-V, he ed is
transformmotivatedemploy p
The rsystems mto controtopology switches applicatioselected fMarx is cElectroniccontains control thshown in of a faultthe path auxiliary the Marxduring thattribute passed duallows ceomitted ivariationsin Fig. 1 i
tor topology (4he lower. The d
ENT PRO
arsen, M. Ng025, USA
mer, owing tod research intoower magnetic
DESIGreliability/availmandate the usol the klystron
provides an to the voltage
on. A simplifiefor the ILC apcomposed of ccs Building an energy storhe discharge green), and an. A second IGto charge the power supply
x cells in parhe series dischof this config
uring dischargell turn on to f the cell has s on this topolois used for both
4 cells). The cdischarge curre
OGRAM S
guyen, J. Ols
o the long po alternative tocs.
GN OVERVIlability requi
se of solid staten modulator
approach toand power lev
ed schematic opplication is shcells, which foBlock (PEBBrage capacitor,of the capaci
n inductor to limGBT switch an
energy storagy (both paths srallel while isharge of the Mguration is thage (e.g. left ce
be delayed fomalfunctioned
ogy, however th the P1 and P2
harging currenent path is show
TATUS*
sen, T. Tang
pulse length, opologies that d
IEW irements for e switching eleoutput. The
o array solid vels required foof the Marx tophown in Fig. 1orm the basic B) [2]. Each, an IGBT swiitor (dischargemit dI/dt in thed the diodes p
ge capacitor, anshown in red), solating these Marx. A benat cells can b
ell in Fig. 1), or pulse shapid. There are sthe design illus2 designs.
nt paths are shown in green.
g
have do not
ILC ements
Marx state
for this pology . The Power h cell itch to e path e event rovide nd the of all paths
neficial be by-which ng, or
several strated
own in
SLAC-PUB-14147
P
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mtt
tt
h
P1-Marx MoThe details
behavior have 16 cells, each triggered to prenergy storagedrops. Witho~40% over th(green wavefoincreased to >output voltagincrease the m
Figure 2: Marcompensation (red), and with
Instead, a
scheme is empthe output voltstart of the puthe output to 1the remainingflattening. Agenerates the waveform). Tsecond, “vernimain Marx. Tto the main Mto 1.2 kV. Thestep waveforman approximatdelayed main (cell output gofully regulated(blue waveform
The develocompleted and10 MW L-bantime to date, otime history generating 10hours (60 days
Modulator of the P1 Mbeen presentecharged to 11
roduce the full e capacitors dout compensathe duration of orm). The c>2 mF per ce
ge regulation. modulator size a
rx output volta(green), with
h vernier regula
two-stage, vployed to regultage decreaseslse, an addition120 kV. This pg five cells to Applying onlysaw-tooth wav
To further reguier,” Marx [4] iThe topology oarx, however eese are fired se
m, which adds ttely constant ocell is added,
oes to zero) ad P1 Marx oum). opmental testd the modulatond Rf test statioperating 24/7of the operat
0 MW of Rf s), is shown in
Marx design aed elsewhere [3kV. Eleven ceoutput voltage
discharge, the tion, the voltathe pulse, as
apacitors wouell to maintai
This wouland cost.
age waveform;delay cell comation (blue).
ernier, active late the output by 11 kV, ~0.nal cell is triggproceeds seque
provide coary this first stveform shownulate the outpis connected inof the vernier Meach of the 16 equentially to gto the main Moutput voltage, the vernier Mand the procesutput is also sh
ting of the or has been intion. The integ7, is nearly 20ion with the power, appro
Fig. 3. The re
and operationa3]. The P1 haells are initialle. As the 50 μFoutput voltag
age will drooseen in Fig.
uld have to bin the required substantiall
; without droompensation onl
compensatiot voltage. Onc.35 ms after thgered to restorentially througse, ±5%, pulstage regulatio
n in Fig. 2 (reput to ±0.5%, n series with thMarx is similacells is chargegenerate a stair
Marx to maintaie. Each time Marx will opes repeats. Thhown in Fig.
P1 has beetegration into
grated operatio000 hours. Th
Toshiba MBKoximately 150emainder of the
al as ly F
ge op
2 be ed ly
p ly
n ce he re gh se on ed a
he ar ed r-in a
en he 2
en a
on he K
00 e
Figure operationsignificanvernier Mclosure odowntimecapacitorsvoltage gbeen corklystron c
P2-MarThe P2 Mdevelopmcell voltais increaintegratedsystem raccess toimprovemReducingIGBTs wparallel Iallows dievaluate sP1. Thhierarchicdegradatiaction priA pulse source, th4, is addecompensaconstant c
Figure
3: Operational
n has been withnt interruptionsMarx into the sof the lab. Te to date was. These fail
grading betweerrected and lifcontinues.
rx ModulatorMarx builds o
ment of the P1age is decreaseased to 32, ad into each ceredundancy ano key cell elments will resug the cell voltwithin a cell (e
GBT array). Tiagnostic acceswitch perform
he improved cal control on of the switior to a catastro
width moduhe shaded portied in series wiate for the capacell voltage thr
e 4: Simplified
l history of the
h a test load. Ts in the testing,system, and thThe only signas to replace led prematureen the series cfe testing of
r on the experi. The major
ed to 4 kV, (2)and (3) drooell. These chnd improve dlements. In lt in higher systage eliminateeach P1 switchThis simplifiesess to each IGmance, which i
diagnostic acsystem [5]
tch and driver ophic failure. ulated, PWM,ion of the scheith the energy acitor voltage droughout the pu
d schematic of t
P1-Marx life t
here have been, first to integrahen during a hnificant mainte
the energy sly due to imp
capacitors. Ththe modulato
ience gained dchanges are: ( the number o
op compensatihanges improvdiagnostic/prog
combination, stem availabilits the need toh is a 5 series the cell desigGBT and drivis not possible ccess enhance
ability to and take corr
, regulated vematic shown istorage capac
droop and mainulse.
the P2-Marx ce
test.
n three ate the
holiday enance storage proper
his has or and
during (1) the of cells ion is ve the gnostic
these ty. array s by 3 gn and ver to in the
es the detect
rective
voltage in Fig. itor to ntain a
ell.
Fl
TwPvr
l
i
pr
At
i
m
Ft
rup
Figure 5: P2 ceload, load vocurrent (Ch2),current (Ch4).
This regulationwhile operatinPWM switch varied such thramps the vodischarges anconstant. Theloop control, woutput that wilis implementedeach cell, all cprovides trueredundancy is availability. Tavailability estA conceptual dthe 32 cells seasily removesupport, thiinterconnectioncooling, and electrostatic fessential to maximum elec18 kV/cm. Th2.2 m tall, app
The prototyFabrication antake place in 2
A Marx-topdeveloped torequirements. undergoing lifprototype, P2 Mdevelopment.
ell output voltaoltage (Ch1), main switch
n approach is ng a single cel
operates at 40hat the currenoltage on the nd the sum oe results shownwhich producell be eliminated. Incorporaticells are then ie redundancy
achieved, whiThe specifics otimates, have bdesign of the Plide into the sed for services structure n between ce
field shapinfields. The
achieving a ctric fields withhe enclosure isroximately 20%ype cell testnd testing of t2011.
CONCLpology modulo meet the The first genefe testing at SMarx, with an
age regulation PWM filter
(Q1) voltage (
illustrated in Fll with a resis0 kHz as the
nt through thefilter capacit
f the two von were achieves some perturd when closedng the voltageidentical (unlik
y. With 3ich will promo
of the cell desigbeen presented P2 is shown in support structue. In additio
provides ells, flow chg elements tfield shaping
compact mhin the enclosus 2.6 m long, % smaller thaning is nearinthe complete
LUSIONS lator has bee
ILC klystreration prototySLAC. A secincreased serv
with a resistivinductor (L2
(Ch3), and loa
Fig. 5, obtainetive load. Thpulse width i
filter inductotor Cf1 as Coltages remained under openrbations on th
d-loop operatioe regulation intke the P1), an2 cells, N+ote high systemgn, and life anpreviously [6]Fig. 6. Each oure and can bon to physicathe electrica
hannels for aito control th
g elements armodulator. Thure are less tha1.4 m deep, b
n the P1. ng completionmodulator wi
en successfullron modulatoype, P1 Marx, icond generatiovice life is unde
ve 2) ad
ed he is or
C1 ns n-he on to nd +2 m nd
. of be al al ir
he re he an by
n. ll
ly or is
on er
The aucontributiCassel, EMoreno, developm
[1] ILC http:/
[2] T. ErsysteIEEEWA,
[3] C. BNguyDeveSept http:/
[4] TangregulPoweURL&arn
[5] MackOlsenPEBBConfURL&arn
[6] MackNguya Pmodu816, URL&arn
Figur
ACKNOuthors wish ions of D. AnE. Cook (LLNP. Shen, and
ment program.
REFRefere
//www.linearcoricsen, “Powe
ematic approacE Power Eng.
16-20 July 20Burkhart, T. Gyen, J. Olsen, elopment Progr
29 – Oct//trshare.triumf
g, T.; Burkharlator for ILC Mer Conference,
L: http://ieeexplnumber=53862ken, K.; Burkhn, J.; , "A hierB-based ILC ference, 2009.
L: http://ieeexplnumber=53862ken, K.; Beukeyen, M.N.; TanPEBB-based ulator," Pulsed
L: http://ieeexplnumber=53863
re 6: Conceptu
OWLEDGMto acknowled
nderson, C. BrNL), K. Mac
d A. Viceral t
FERENCESnce Deollider.org/cmsr Electronic B
ch to power el Soc. Summe00, pp. 1216-1
G. Beukers, RT. Tang, “IL
ram Status,” Lt 3, 2008, f.ca/~linac08prrt, C.; NguyenMarx droop com, 2009., pp.14lore.ieee.org/st21&isnumber=
hart, C.; Larsenrarchical contrMarx modula. PPC, pp.82lore.ieee.org/st59&isnumber=ers, T.; Burkhang, T.; , "Desig
Marx-topologd Power Confer
June lore.ieee.org/st66&isnumber=
ual design of th
MENT dge the signrooksby (LLNcken, G. Leyto the SLAC
S esign Rs/?pid=100043Building Blocklectronics,” iner Meeting, S218.
R. S. Larsen, MLC Marx ModLinac 08 Confe
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402-1405, Junetamp/stamp.jsp=5386092 n, R.; Nguyen, rol architectureator," Pulsed P26-831, June tamp/stamp.jsp=5386092 art, C.; Kemp, gn consideratiogy ILC klrence, 2009, pp
tamp/stamp.jsp=5386092
he P2-Marx.
ificant NL), R. yh, D.
Marx
Report, 37 ks - A n Proc. Seattle,
M. N. dulator erence, anada, gs/. vernier Pulsed e 2009 p?tp=
M.N.; e for a Power
2009 p?tp=
M.A.; ons for lystron p.811-
2009 p?tp=
