Immigration, TR, and the Progressive Movement
Immigration
‘Old’ Immigrants
• Between 1840-1870
• Came from– Northern Europe– Western Europe
• included Germans, Scandinavians, Irish
• often became farmers
‘New’ Immigrants
• Between 1870-1924• Came from:
– Southern Europe– Eastern Europe– Japan and China
• included Poland, Italy, Russia• found jobs in cities; factories• created ‘ethnic neighborhoods
Ports of Entry
1. Ellis Island• ‘The Golden Door”• New York Harbor• long inspection in order to enter U.S.• about 2% were sent back• as many as 11,000 people entered in 1 day• many experienced ‘culture shock’
Ports of Entry
2. Angel Island• San Francisco Bay• more harsh than Ellis Island• long detention process until gov’t allowed them in
Melting Pot?• Better comparison?
Urbanization
1. Positives
• Skyscrapers were built– Why?
• Mass Transit– Cable cars, trolleys, subways
• Jobs
2. Negatives
• Crime– Alcohol contributed to this
• Pollution – Disease spread through drinking water
• Over crowding– Dumbbell tenements
• Political machines– Took advantage of citizens– Lots of corruption
Urban Reform
1. Helping the poor
- YMCA, Salvation Army, settlement houses established
- Jane Addams (Hull House)
2. Attacking Political Machines
- Thomas Nast (political cartoons)
Political Machines
3-tiered system:
A. Party Boss
- controlled politicians and governed the machine
B. District Captains
- mobilized local support
C. Party Loyalists
- supported the machine w/ votes in return for services
Fads, Trends, and Developments
1. City Planning
2. Airplanes
• Wright Brothers
• Kitty Hawk, NC
3. Electrified Transportation
• Subways, elevated trains, streetcars
4. Photography
• Kodak camera
5. Education
• illiteracy rate cut
• high schools grew
• racial divide
• Tuskegee Institute formed Booker T. Washingon
6. Leisure activities
• biking
• amusement parks
• Coca-Cola and Hershey
• Boxing and baseball
• Vaudeville
• Ragtime music Scott Joplin
• movies The Great Train Robbery
• department stores Marshall Field’s
• advertising
• mail order catalogs
Fads, Trends, and Developments
Discrimination
1. Segregation
• Voting Restrictions • Literacy tests and poll taxes in the South
• Grandfather Clause
• Jim Crow laws• Separate public facilities for whites and blacks
• Plessy v. Ferguson• Supreme Court case that legalized
segregation
2. Nativism
• Anti-immigrant
• Jobs were being taken?
Progressivism
4 goals of Progressivism:
• Protecting social welfare
• Promoting moral reform
• Creating economic reform
• Improving efficiency
Key Figures of the Reform Movement
• worksheet
Square Deal
• worksheet
Election of 1912
• Wilson
• Taft
• Roosevelt
