ByJeannieRyderCOMM322Dr.Giffard
May18,2010
OneoftwomajorsatellitesystemsoverseenbytheIndianSpaceResearchOrganization(ISRO)
Mosttechnologicallyadvancednonmilitarysatellite System
Fourdifferentpayloads: Direct‐to‐groundtelevisionbroadcasting Telecommunicationcapabilities Remotesensingforsurveyingofnaturalresources Meteorologicalsystem
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
INSAT
HumbleBeginnings WhenIndiagainedindependencefromBritainin1947
Thenewgovernmentsoughtmeansinwhichtonotonlyjointhemodernworldbutalsotodosoontheirterms.
Thebeliefbeingthatthroughtheuseoftechnologyfor“economicdevelopment,socialandculturalchange,nation‐statebuilding,andtheformationofanonalignedblocofthirdworldnationspoliticallyequidistant”fromthemajorworldpowers.
Sourceh6p:/history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
EastmeetsWest
HomiJ.BhabhabornintoaneliteIndianfamily,schooledinphysicsatCambridge,hebroughtbacktoIndiascientificknowledgeandexpertisethatwouldallowthecreationofresearchinstitutionsforthebettermentofIndia’sfuture.
HesawIndia’sfutureinthesky.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
PrograminJeopardy HomiBhabhaperishedinaplanecrashin1966. SpeculativeworriesifprogramcouldorwouldcontinuewithoutBhabha’sdirection.
VikramSarabhai,anotherelitewhosefamilyhobnobbedwithnationalleaders,alsostudiedphysicsatCambridgeandastudentofBhabhawasnamedBhabha’sreplacement‐consideredthefatherofIndia’sSpaceProgramme
Charismatic,sociallyandpoliticallyversatile,atrueengineerhewasabletoworkwithingovernmentbureaucracytopavedwayforINSAT
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
Dr.Sarabhai’sVision “Therearesomewhoquestiontherelevanceofspaceactivitiesinadevelopingnation.Tous,thereisnoambiguityofpurpose.Wedonothavethefantasyofcompetingwiththeeconomicallyadvancednationsintheexplorationofthemoonortheplanetsormannedspace‐flight.Butweareconvincedthatifwearetoplayameaningfulrolenationally,andinthecommunityofnations,wemustbesecondtononeintheapplicationofadvancedtechnologiestotherealproblemsofmanandsociety.”
http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
INSAT’sForerunner Early60’sNASAneededtofieldtestanadvancedtechnologysatellite(ATS),specificallybroadcastingtelevisionfromasatellitetoreceiversonearth
Indiawaslogicalchoice(otherconsiderations:BrazilandRepublicofChina)duetopopulationlocation,lackoftelecommunicationinfrastructure,andpoliticalconsiderations
NASAarrangestohaveSarabhai“ask”theUStousethesatelliteforoneyeartofacilitateanexperimentinruralIndiaresultsinSatelliteInstructionalTelevisionExperiment(SITE)
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
SlowandSteady IttookovereightyearstoplanandimplementSITE
DuringwhichtimeDr.Sarabhaidiedin1971 However,hestartedplanningINSATin1967focusingongroundsystemswiththeassumptionbeingtheWestwouldbeforthcominginreceipericaltransferofspacetechnology.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
NewLeadership SatishDhawannewleaderofspaceprogram1972 PrimeMinisterIndiraGandhiannouncescreationoftwoorganizations:DepartmentofSpaceandSpaceCommission,headquarteredinBangalore
INSATshelved‐governmentwantedtowaituntilSITEcompleted
SITEhadtosucceed
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
SITEsuccessreceivesinternationalaccolades GovernmentnowinterestedinINSATagainduethe“potentialrevolutionarycapabilitiesofdirect‐broadcastsatellitetelevision”
DuetoembeddedbureaucraticwranglingandmaneuveringandbudgetaryrestraintsdevelopmentanddeploymentofINSATisslowed
http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm
PulledfromtheDustyShelf
INSATBecomesaJointVenture 1983thefollowinggovernmentalbodiesjointogethertoworkondevelopmentandimplementationoftheINSATsystem
DepartmentofSpace(overseesIndianSpaceResearch Organization(ISRO)
DepartmentofTelecommunications MeteorologicalDepartment AllIndianRadio(AIR) Doordarshan(state‐ownedtelevision)
http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
INSATSeries Oct.1982FirstsatelliteinINSATserieslaunched:
INSAT1A‐missionabandonedduetotechnicalfailure Aug1983INSAT1Boperationaluntil1990 July1988INSAT1C‐abandoned1989duetopower
systemfailure June1990INSAT1DlastinthefirstINSATseries June1992INSAT2AFirstmultipurposeIndiancommunicationsatellitebecomesfullyoperational
LaunchesofINSATseriessatellitescontinueapproximatelyeverytwotothreeyears
http://www.zeenews.com/chandrayaan/story.aspx?aid=477065 and http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
INSATToday Today’sINSAThas11operationalsatellites
InkeepingwithDr.Sarabhai’svisionINSATsatcomapplicationsnowinclude
Tele‐medicineconnectsruralhealthcarefacilitieswithmodernurbanmedicalcenters
http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
AppsonSteroids EDUSAT
Educationaltelevision(ETV)forprimaryeducationinfivelocallanguages
NationalCollegenetworkfordailylectures
Distantlearning(TDCC) GRAMSAT
Networkconnectivitybetweenstatecapitalandstatesfore‐goverance
SatelliteNewsGatheringandDissemination
Realtimenewsandevents
TELEVSION Satellitetelevisioncapability
tocover100percentofareaandpopulation‐85percentactuallymakeuseoftelevision
Broadcastsover40channelsofstate‐ownedDoordarshanTelevision
Direct‐to‐homeandcommercialtelevisionbroadcasting
http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
SQllMore Meteorological
Weatherforecasting Onlysystemforobservation
overIndianOcean Permitsearlywarningof
cyclones Satelliteaidedsearchandrescue Mobilesatelliteservices
Emergencycommunications RadioNetworking Telecommunications
supportfortheelectroniccommerce,bankingandsupportforallaforementionedapplications
http://www.isro.org/index.aspx
VillageResourceCentres JointprogammewithIRS
473centersin22states Educationresources
argiculutre,farming,voctechtraining,awarenessprograms,telehealth,micro‐credit/finance
Bibliography http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm http://www.isro.org/index.aspx http://www.zeenews.com/chandrayaan/story.aspx?aid=477065