IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Prime Minister’s Rural RoadsPrime Minister’s Rural Roads ProgrammeProgrammePrime Minister s Rural Roads Prime Minister s Rural Roads ProgrammeProgrammeIndia India
and its Socioand its Socio--economic Impacteconomic Impactand its Socioand its Socio--economic Impacteconomic Impact
PrabhaPrabha Kant KATARE, Director (Projects)Kant KATARE, Director (Projects)National Rural Roads Development Agency,National Rural Roads Development Agency,
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of IndiaMinistry of Rural Development, Government of India2727thth O t b 2010O t b 20102727thth October, 2010October, [email protected]@nic.in
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
IndiaIndia Fact SheetFact Sheet
India is a Union of 28 States
Population of India 1.027 billion (2001 Census) 531.27 million males - 495.73 53 . o a es 95. 3
million females Rural population is 741.66
million; ; Urban population is 285.35
million i.e., 27.78% Population density 324 per Population density - 324 per
sq. km Decennial growth rate 1981-91 g
- 23.86, for 1991-00 - 21.34
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Rationale for Rationale for Rural Connectivity Rural Connectivity ProgrammeProgrammeRural Connectivity Rural Connectivity ProgrammeProgramme
Investments in rural infrastructure are moreff ti th f t t hi h d theffective than safety nets which reduce the
vigour of rural poverty but may not remove it. Rural infrastructure programmes have a lastingu a ast uctu e p og a es ave a ast g
impact on rural development, creating both on-farm and off-farm employment.
Properly supplemented by policies enabling the Properly supplemented by policies enabling therural poor to take advantage of newopportunities, investments in creation of rurali f t t h l i t ll i tiinfrastructure help in poverty alleviation.
Hence the Prime Minister’s Rural RoadsProgramme - PMGSY in India.g
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Status of Road Network in IndiaStatus of Road Network in IndiaNH2%
SH & MDRs14%
Rural Roads 84%
Total length of road network in India : 3.3 million kmNational Highways (NH) : 77,500 Km
State Highways & Major District Roads (SH & MDRs) : 598,662 Km
Rural Roads : 2.65 million Km80 % f R l R d 80 % f R l R d f df d80 % of Rural Roads un80 % of Rural Roads un--surfacedsurfaced
342 thousand habitations (39%) out of 888 thousand rural habitations 342 thousand habitations (39%) out of 888 thousand rural habitations lacked alllacked all--weather connectivity in the year 2000.weather connectivity in the year 2000.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Prime Minister’s Rural Roads ProgrammeProgrammegg
Objective
Provision of all-weather road connectivity to all the yhabitations with population of 500 or more
For Hill States, Tribal and Desert Areas minimum
l ti li it i 250 population limit is 250 persons
Up gradation of existing Through Routes for full farm to market connectivity
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Programme TargetsProgramme Targets
Activity Total Eligible y gProgramme Targets
Habitations for New 166,938Connectivity (Nos.)
Length of New Connectivity 365,278Roads (km.)
Length of Upgradation Roads 368,000g pg(km.)
Estimated Cost INR. Cr. 250 thousand
(USD 52.10 b)
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
FundingFunding Budgetary Support from Government of India.
gg
Fuel Cess – Rs.4800 Crore (USD 1b) a year.
Internal Borrowings – Fuel Cess leveraging – Internal Borrowings – Fuel Cess leveraging –NABARD Loans.
E t ll Aid d P j t Externally Aided ProjectsADB – USD 750 mWorld Bank – USD 1 bWorld Bank USD 1 b
Further World Bank Loan of about USD 1.5 b beingnegotiatednegotiated.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
AchievementsAchievements
About 108 thousand habitations covered/ d frequiring construction/ upgradation of over
418 thousand km of roads with aninvestment of about INR 117 thousand Croreinvestment of about INR 117 thousand Crore(USD 24.4 b).
Ab t 300 th d k f d l t dAbout 300 thousand km of roads completedbenefiting about 73 thousand habitations.
Over INR 72 thousand Crore (USD 15 b)released to the States and utilized.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Transforming Rural Livesg
Increased access to market, health and education Investment of One Million Rupees enables 165 poor people to move above poverty line
Source : IFPRI, Research Report 110, 1999
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Quality Quality –– The Basic Management PolicyThe Basic Management Policy
Based on careful analysis of experience gathered in
Quality Quality The Basic Management PolicyThe Basic Management Policy
y p gimplementation of Rural Roads programmes in thepast, programme management systems in PMGSYhave been developed.p
Management strategy aimed at embedding qualityawareness in all processes of implementation hasawareness in all processes of implementation hasbeen put in place.
Implementation process beginning from planning Implementation process beginning from planningand up to maintenance management has beendeveloped.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Special Features of PMGSY Special Features of PMGSY
Full funding of construction cost by the Central Govt.g y
Maintenance funding by State Govt.
l b l h h S Implementation responsibility with the States.
National Rural Roads Development Agency (NRRDA) forT h i l d O ti l t tTechnical and Operational management support.
Dedicated implementing apparatus at State & district level.
Ensuring Quality Standards in construction
Five year defect liability Five year defect liability
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Management StrategyManagement Strategyg gyg gyManagement strategy aimed at embedding quality awareness in
all processes of implementation put in place for PMGSY.
Appropriate Institutional Architecture
Systematic Network Planningy g
Structured Project Preparation and Selection Process
Setting Standards and Specifications Setting Standards and Specifications
Standardization of Bidding Process
Ri Q lit M it i Rigorous Quality Monitoring
Need Based Training, R & D
Web based Monitoring Mechanism.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Institutional ArchitectureInstitutional Architecture
Ministry of Rural Development Nodal Deptt. State Govt.
NRRDA(Management Support)
SRRDA(Programme Implementation)
STA/PTA(Project Appraisal
Support)
NQMsNQMs(Independent Quality
Monitor)PIU
NRRDA: National Rural roads Development Agency, SRRDA: State Rural Road Development Agency, STA: State Technical Agency, PTA: Principal Technical Agency, NQM: National Quality Monitor,
PIU: Programme Implementation Unit
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Systematic Network PlanningSystematic Network Planning
g , g ,
y gy g
A District Rural Road Plan (DRRP) for every Block and District of IndiaBlock and District of India
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Systematic Network PlanningSystematic Network Planning
and a Core Network.
y gy g
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Detailed ProjectDetailed Project Reports & ClearanceReports & Clearance
CORE NETWORKConsultative Process
CNCPL/CUPL
Selection of Proposal Proposals at NRRDASelection of Proposal
Approval by SLSC
p
Recommendation by
Scrutiny at NRRDA
Preparation of DPRs
Recommendation by Empowered Committee
Approval by MRD
Clearance by MoRDScrutiny by STA
Clearance by MoRDDesign and Estimates based on detailed field surveys and soil tests and independent scrutiny by the State Technical Agencies (IITs/ NITs etc).
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Setting Technical Standards & SpecificationsSetting Technical Standards & Specifications
Standards setting with helpof Indian Roads Congress:of Indian Roads Congress:Rural Roads Manualprepared in 2002.Standard Data Book andSpecifications for Rural Roadspublished in 2004.Operational Manual in 2005.Design of flexible and rigidpavements for low volumepavements for low volumeroads.Gravel Road Manual.S d d f S l dStandards for Steel Bridges.Quality AssuranceHandbooks.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Standard & Transparent Standard & Transparent Procurement ProcessProcurement ProcessProcurement ProcessProcurement Process
Transparent bidding Transparent biddingthrough Standard BiddingDocument developed forPMGSY.PMGSY.
E-Procurement of worksalready institutionalizedalready institutionalized
Quick Impact Assessmentof E-Procurement hasshown better participationof contractors leading tocompetitive cost –savings.competitive cost savings.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
A Symbol of Quality & Sustainability
Q lit AQ lit A
A Symbol of Quality & Sustainability
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance A three tier quality management mechanism
institutionalized under PMGSYinstitutionalized under PMGSY.
First tier- Quality control at Programme Implementation Unit (PIU)level. Objective - process control through mandatory tests onj p g ymaterial and workmanship at the field laboratory.
Second tier- Regular and structured independent qualitymonitoring at State level.
Th d I d d N l Q l M d l d f Third tier- Independent National Quality Monitors deployed forinspection at random. Objective-guidance and monitoring of qualityby a senior independent professional.
For better results and sustainable quality, qualitymechanism is continuously reviewed and refined.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Field Quality ChecksField Quality ChecksField Quality ChecksField Quality Checks
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Earth Work in Plain TerrainEarth Work in Plain Terrain
Madhya Pradesh
Shivpuri Pohri Road to AB Road, Length 36.12 Km, Cost 596.16 Lakhs, Phase 2
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Hill Cutting in difficult Hill Cutting in difficult terrains ofterrains ofterrains ofterrains of
Arunachal PradeshArunachal Pradesh
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, ChinaConstruction of Base Construction of Base CourseCourse
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Bituminous Layer Bituminous Layer ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstruction
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Online Monitoring SystemOnline Monitoring System
A Web-based onlinemonitoring system.
Embedded Decisionsupport systems.pp y
Data Base inCitizen’s domainCitizen s domain.
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Transparency & Community ParticipationTransparency & Community Participation
Citizen Information Board inlocal language showing Quantityof material in each layer.Provision for periodic jointinspection of field level officersand public representatives.
Tamil Nadu Bihar
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Impact of PMGSY Impact of PMGSY –– 2004 Study2004 Study
Quick impact assessment for 9 States in 2004l d h f llrevealed the following:
Agriculture and Local Industry:• Improved access is leading use of motorized equipment
like tractor in agriculture on the one hand anddiversification of cropping pattern through easier
il bilit f i t d t k tavailability of inputs and access to markets• Easier access to raw-materials and commercial vehicles
has benefited existing local industries including potteryd b i k ki d tt d h dl i d t iand brick-making and cottage and handloom industries
• Market for home-made products like pickles, etc., inneighboring towns has increased and both on-farm and
ff f l t t iti h i doff-farm employment opportunities have improved
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Impact of PMGSY Impact of PMGSY –– 2004 Study2004 Study
Health and Education:I t i t t l i tit ti l d li d• Improvement in ante-natal care institutional delivery andpost-natal care has been observed
• Increase enrolment in schools particularly of girls hasb ti d d l tt d f t hbeen noticed and more regular attendance of teachers
Social and Others:• Increased use of consumer durables like, television,
electrical gadgets, etc., has been noticed.• Increase in visits of Government officials and grass-rootsg
level functionaries• Social network area has increased including radius of
marriage alliance.g
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Findings of Socio-Economic Impact of PMGSY
Salient Findings1. Saving in Travel Expenditureg p
Average expenditure to travel a unit distance is lower in connectedhabitations
1.41 5
4.44 5
1
1.5Graph1: Travel expenditure to travel akilometer to agriculture market by minibus
3.5
4
4.51
2.7
2
2.5
30.5
ConnectedHabitation
UnconnectedHabitation
Source: Mann-Whitney Test Results, PMGSY Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study- 2009
2ConnectedHabitation
UnconnectedHabitation
Graph 2: Travel expenditure to travel akilometer to school by 2-wheeler
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Findings of Socio-Economic Impact of PMGSY
2. Farm and Non-Farm Employment
30% more likelihood of non-farm employment in connectedhabitations (case of Karnataka)habitations (case of Karnataka)
• Source: Binary Logistic Regression Results, PMGSY Socio-Economic ImpactAssessment Study- 2009Assessment Study 2009
13% less likelihood of farm employment and 16% more likelihood of non-farm employment in connected habitations (All 10 States)(All 10 States)
• Source: Binary Logistic Regression Results, PMGSY Socio-Economic Impact Assessment StudyAssessment Study-
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Findings of Socio-Economic Impact of PMGSY
3. Association between connectivity & occupationTemporal Effect (2007-2009)Temporal Effect (2007-2009)
─ Trade/business as an
52
50
60
occupation increased by 52%in connected habitationswhere as the same increasedb % i d 30
40
50
by 6% in unconnectedhabitations (case of Assam)
610
20
30
• Source: PMGSY Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study- 2009 &
2007 0
10
Connected UnconnectedConnectedHabitation
UnconnectedHabitation
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Observations on User Satisfaction
1. Agriculture Better yield from regular use of fertilizers / pesticides due to improvedy g / p p
connectivity Increased income from the agriculture activity
• Chhupari village, Shimla, HP
Easy transport of Agriculture produce to Market centers by Tractor Increased gains from better road conditions due to low maintenance costs of
carriage vehicles80
g
- Makkelgiri village, Belgaum, Karnataka- Jalameripali village, Ganjam, Orissa
80
80
Construction labour as an occupationincreased by 80% in connected habitationswhere as the same increased by 66% inunconnected habitations (case of UP)
6670
unconnected habitations (case of UP)–Source: PMGSY Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study- 2009 &
200760
ConnectedHabitation
UnconnectedHabitation
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Observations on User Satisfaction
Quality of Life• Good connectivity enabled regular travel to home from work
place• Increased attention to family matters and children’s educationy
- Supana Village, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
• Direct employment in road construction
• Improved income and skill levelp
- Baghadanga Village, Burdhawan, WB
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Observations on User Satisfaction Employment Avenues
• Small farmer / agricultural labourer shift to non-farm employment
• Earning higher income compared to that f f i i i i liof farming activities earlier
- Alampur village, Burdhawan, WB- Makkalgeri village, Belgaum, Karnatakag g g
• Construction labourer earns supplementary income from
temporary shops
L i ill Dh MP- Loni village, Dhar, MP
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Maharashtra
Increased Market Access for FarmersIncreased Market Access for Farmers
Tamil Nadu
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, ChinaBiharGujarat
Improved Transport Services
Assam
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, China
Andhra Pradesh
Improved Access Improved Access to Schoolsto Schools
Assam
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, ChinaKeralaKarnataka
Improved Access to Health Care
Creating LivelihoodsCreating LivelihoodsCreating LivelihoodsCreating Livelihoods
Gujarat
IRF Second International Convention on Rural Roads – Jinan, ChinaRoads Built in Forest AreasRoads Built in Forest Areas
Orissa M POrissa M P
MizoramNagalandg