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GEO TEXTILE:
PERSPECTIVE FROMTHE RAILWAY SECTOR
A K Shrivastava. Executive Director Railway Board
Rajesh Agarwal Geo-technical Engineering Directorate RDSO
Presentation on 19.11.2010 at New Delhi
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Introduction Geo textile / Geo synthetics a Polymer
based product of Polypropylene,Polyester, PVC, Polyamide, Polyethylene Various types of Geo syntheticsGeo textilesGeo gridsGeo netsGeo cell
Geo membranesGeo compositesPrefabricated Vertical Drains (Band
Drains)
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Functions ofGeosynthetics Geo-synthetics improve mechanical
and hydraulic behaviour of formations Basic functions of geo-synthetics: Separation
Filtration Drainage Reinforcement
Barrier Basal Layer
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Railway Track is porous – Road
arying formation soil across country v/s
need of uniform track formation response.
umbersome and costly to transport
specified soil material at all places.
pecifications of formation, Ballast & Blanket
materials are different from highway
RAILWAY TRACK FORMATION
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Steep Slope Construction ( Non Railway
Loading)
Embankment Slip repairs
Construction of high banks on soft soil
Erosion control of slope
Protection against rock falls
Application In Railway
(General)
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Track Bed Design
Reinforced Earth Embankment
Formation Rehabilitation
Application In Railway
(Specific to railway loading)
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Application In RailwayNew Constructions
• ‘Dedicated Freight Corridors
• ‘High Speed Corridors.’
•
Heavy axle loads / high speed railwaytrack require stable track formations.
• Geo-synthetics can help to avoid repeatedmaintenance and provide stable railway
formation• Need to be designed as per site
boundary condition
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Application In Railway
Open-line / Revenue
line)• IR is upgrading infrastructure to meet
future demand of higher axle load traffic.
• About 700 km track is on weak formation• cause of ballast penetration, higher fuel
consumption, passenger discomfort,
extra maintenance cost to track androlling stock,
• Rehabilitation / strengthening of suchtrack can help to eliminate speed
restrictions
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Use of Use of
SyntheticSyntheticGeogrids forGeogrids for
Erosion ControlErosion Control
of Naturalof Natural
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Construction of RE EmbankmentConstruction of RE Embankment
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11
Typical Cross Section of Embankmentypical Cross Section of Embankment
with Prefabricated Vertical Bandith Prefabricated Vertical Band
Drainsrains
SandBlanket
InitialEmbankmen
t
SoftClay
Layer
Banddrains
FirmSoil
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12
Band drains installed aboveand drains installed above
initial embankmentnitial embankment
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USES OF GEO-GRID
GEOSYNTHETICS APPLICATION IN RAILWAY FORMATION
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GEOSYNTHETICS APPLICATION IN RAILWAY FORMATION
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PROJECT : JAMMU-UDHAMPUR RAIL LINK .
At km 54/043 near bridge no 162 in Udhampur
yard, embankment constructed with 35 m height .
• Due to space constraint and close proximity of
irrigation canal and Tawi river at the bottom of hill,
not possible to provide designed slope of 2.5H : 1V.
• RE slope was constructed with Uniaxial Geogrid of
slope of 1.5 H : 1V.
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Railway Loading are different: Cyclic Vibrations Effects Traction (mainly Electrical) Seismic Effects when train is running Impact loading
Maintenance of track should not beinfringed by geo-synthetics
Rehabilitation methods after completion
life cycle of geo-synthetics
Why do the Industry should developcustomized geo synthetics for railway
track formation application?
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FORMATION REHABILITATION
Work is to be done on running traffic condition
ethods available for formation rehabilitation such as
ith aluminium alloy girder, Track dismantlingmethod, With manually operated portals, With c. c.crib & rail clusters (SE Railway Method), With rail
clusters (Eastern Railway Method), Lifting of trackwith deep screening, Fully mechanized methods.
Above methods are tedious in operation, alternative
method need to be explored.
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HISTORY OF GEO-SYNTHETICS TRIED IN IR
• First time Geo-textiles were tried in Sothern Railway (Madras -
Gudur section, RDSO’s report no.C-261, July, 83) for prevention of Mud pumping under ballast.
•Geotextile were tried over 12 no. of different sites all over IndianRailways in 80’s and a compilation report ‘State of the Art – Use of
Geotextile in Railways, Nov. 89 was prepared by RDSO givingrecommended specification of geo-textile for track formation.
• Trials of geo-jute along with blanket layer have been done inEastern Railway but not added strength to blanket layer. Geo-jute
can improve only drainage properties.
•Geo-grid was tried in Cuttack – Paradeep section for trackconstruction over soft soil and design of geo-grid reinforced
embankment, retaining wall and on bridge approach in Jammu-Udhampur section, N .Rly (RDSO Report no. GE-13 &14,
May.1997.
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Geo-grid in IRGeo-grid in IR Biaxial geogrid has been used in South CentralBiaxial geogrid has been used in South Central
Railway, Northern Railway (Polypropylene –Railway, Northern Railway (Polypropylene –
strength 30 kN/m with aperture size of 61mm xstrength 30 kN/m with aperture size of 61mm x
61mm) for formation rehabilitation.61mm) for formation rehabilitation.
Field observations on SCR & NR indicateField observations on SCR & NR indicateimprovement in overall track performance after improvement in overall track performance after
the application of geogrid.the application of geogrid.
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Geo-grid + Geotextile on IRGeo-grid + Geotextile on IR NF Railway has tried use of Geo-grid (Polyester basedNF Railway has tried use of Geo-grid (Polyester based
– knitted & coated with strength of 40 kN/m & aperture – knitted & coated with strength of 40 kN/m & aperture
size of 25mmx25mm) in combination of geo-textile andsize of 25mmx25mm) in combination of geo-textile and
sand layer for formation rehabilitation. Thesand layer for formation rehabilitation. The
performance report of the trial section is satisfactory.performance report of the trial section is satisfactory. For low density routes, geotextile along with sandFor low density routes, geotextile along with sand
layer and brick soling has been used in Sitamarhi –layer and brick soling has been used in Sitamarhi –
Darbangha project, ECR.Darbangha project, ECR.
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CURRENT PROCETS WITH GEO-
SYNTHETICS
Issues involved
Aperture size of Bi-axial geogrid
Junction strength
Material type
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WORLD RAILWAY PRACTICE ON USE OF GEO-SYNTHETICS Geo-synthetics being used on many world railways.
American Railways Use of geo-synthetics is on experimental basis and
specific to the nature of problem. Specification of geo-synthetics is in draft stage.
Australian Railways specify use of geotextile and Geogrid for
reconditioning/ rehabilitation of existing track (Draftguideline).
UIC – European Railways UIC consist of different railways. Their loadingconditions are different for different railways and
based on the soil type. It is recommendatory in nature
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CURRENT PROCETS of GEO- SYNTHETICS
ailway Budget Speech (2010-11) lay
emphasis on use of Jute-geo-textile is to
enhanced for formation rehabilitation under track.(Rehabilitation)
roject with IIT/Kharagpur for improving tensile
strength of jute-geotextile with synthetic
polymers
roject with IIT/Delhi to study behavior of
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Recent Documentation on Geo-Recent Documentation on Geo-
synthetics in IRsynthetics in IR
Draft ‘Guidelines for use of Geo-syntheticsDraft ‘Guidelines for use of Geo-syntheticson Indian Railways’ has been prepared byon Indian Railways’ has been prepared by
RDSO provisional specifications of variousRDSO provisional specifications of variousgeosynthetics items based on relevantgeosynthetics items based on relevantliterature surveyliterature survey
Extended field trials on geogrid are beingExtended field trials on geogrid are being
done on IR to validate & assess thedone on IR to validate & assess thespecifications of geogrid.specifications of geogrid.
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FOR INDUSTRY Geo-synthetics can find its use in railway application
for track bed stabilization,
track drainage, erosion control, interface protection,construction over soft soil,
steep slope construction, mud pumping, etc.
There is need to develop cost effective easy to laygeo-synthetics for application in construction of new
formations & rehabilitation of existing formations for running of heavy axle loads and high speed trains.
IR look forward active participation of industry in thissector.
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THANKSTHANKS