Grain:
World Markets and Trade
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Foreign
Agricultural
Service
December 2017
Indonesia: Strong Wheat Imports Displace Other Grains
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Indonesia’s drive for self-sufficiency is
resulting in record wheat imports displacing
imported rice and corn. The country’s rise
to the second-largest wheat importer has
been spurred by growth not only for food
but now also for feed, primarily supplied
from Australia and Ukraine. Traditionally,
growth in imports was for milling quality
wheat, supporting surging flour use for
instant noodles and bread. While rice self-
sufficiency has nearly been achieved, it has
been due to declining rice consumption in
the face of affordable wheat-based
alternatives more so than higher rice
production.
However, Indonesia’s record forecast is
driven even higher this year due to growing
feed use. Import restrictions on corn have
shrunk imports since 2014/15 turning feed
mills to seek lower-priced feedstuffs.
Wheat feed use has surged as a result of
lower prices relative to domestic corn, in
addition to feed use for the burgeoning
poultry and aquaculture industries. As a
result of ballooning imports, the
government has placed restrictions on feed
wheat to strengthen and expand domestic
corn production. To surpass the feed wheat
import restrictions, Indonesia has been
importing lower-quality milling wheat to
blend in feed rations (refer to the November
Indonesia Grain and Feed Update). As
Indonesia continues its quest for self-
sufficiency in grains, feeders are likely to
remain reactive and agile in this dynamic
environment.
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100
120
140
160
180
Corn Wheat Rice, Milled
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MM
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Corn Wheat
Index (2010/11= 100) Wheat Imports Surge
Feed Consumption Grows
Note: Graph is indexed (base=100) to 2010/11 imports of the
individual commodity
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat ................................................................................................................. 4
Rice .................................................................................................................. 11
Coarse Grains ................................................................................................... 17
Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries ............................ 38
Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade ............................................... 57
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
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Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online):
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Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports):
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Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports):
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Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/162017/182016/172015/16
Production
United States (Jun-May) 56.1 62.8 47.4 6.1 7.1 5.7 345.5 384.8 370.3
Other 679.2 690.8 707.8 466.5 479.6 477.8 628.0 690.8 674.5
World Total 735.3 753.6 755.2 472.6 486.7 483.5 973.5 1,075.6 1,044.8
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May) 31.9 31.8 30.9 3.6 4.2 3.7 298.8 313.8 319.0
Other 676.9 703.9 709.7 462.2 472.1 475.6 689.0 721.3 743.9
World Total 708.8 735.7 740.6 465.8 476.3 479.3 987.8 1,035.1 1,062.9
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May) 26.6 32.1 26.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 44.1 58.3 61.9
Other 214.8 223.2 242.3 131.1 136.5 139.7 170.8 169.0 142.2
World Total 241.4 255.3 268.4 132.6 138.0 140.7 214.9 227.3 204.1
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May) 3.1 3.3 4.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.3
Other 165.5 175.9 176.6 36.8 42.4 42.3 136.6 138.8 146.6
World Total 168.6 179.2 180.7 37.6 43.2 43.1 138.4 140.3 147.9
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May) 21.8 29.5 26.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 51.2 55.5 48.5
Other 150.2 152.8 157.8 36.7 42.9 42.1 93.7 86.1 102.9
World Total 172.0 182.3 183.8 40.1 46.3 45.5 144.9 141.6 151.4
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and
exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.Marketing years for U.S. grains are:
Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat
only.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
4
WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
For 2017/18, global production is raised this month to a record on larger crops for Canada and
the European Union. Global trade is forecast up slightly from last month to a record. Imports
are forecast higher for Brazil, China, Indonesia and Ukraine, but lower for Bangladesh and the
European Union. Higher exports for Canada are partially offset by a lower forecast for the
United States. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $4.60 per bushel.
PRICES
Domestic: Overall, U.S. wheat prices for most classes were down slightly during the month of
November on weak sales activity and abundant competitor supplies. Soft Red Winter (SRW)
eased $5/ton to $182, while Hard Red Spring (HRS) declined $4/ton to $274, Soft White Winter
(SWW) dropped $8/ton to $198. On the other hand, Hard Red Winter (HRW) rose at the
beginning of the month supported by large sales to Iraq, but settled only $4/ton higher at $218 by
the end of the month. U.S. winter wheat conditions worsened slightly during the month because
of dry conditions in the Plains, but minimal price impact has been felt based on the early stage of
the crop and the abundance of wheat in global markets.
100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400
$/M
T
U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids
HRW SRW SWW HRS
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
5
FEATURES
Middle East Wheat Imports Surge on Growing Consumption
Wheat consumption in the Middle East has
grown by about 20 percent over the last
decade. Production, on the other hand, has
remained stagnant with Iran and Turkey
representing more than 80 percent of the
total.
Expanding populations in Iran, Iraq, Saudi
Arabia, and Yemen account for much of
the consumption growth. Jordan and
Lebanon have also shown a sharp increase
in wheat consumption as millions of
refugees from Syria have resettled in these
nearby countries. Turkey’s consumption
has risen partly due to the presence of
refugees, but this growth is mitigated by
slightly declining per capita use.
Based on this growing gap between supply and demand, imports are twice as large as a decade
ago, with Saudi Arabia and Turkey accounting for half of the growth. Saudi Arabia is importing
more as domestic production was phased out to conserve water. Turkey continues to import
wheat even as domestic production grows. Under Turkey’s Inward Processing Regime, wheat is
imported duty-free to be milled and exported as flour.
Turkey Wheat Exports Forecast at a Record
Turkey’s wheat exports are
forecast at a record, spurred by a
record crop. With exports more
than tripling in the last decade,
Turkey has become the world’s
leading flour exporter. Shipments
to Asian countries, particularly
Indonesia and the Philippines,
have declined as governments
placed tariffs on wheat flour to
protect domestic millers.
However, strong demand from
nearby markets, particularly Iraq,
Sudan, and Syria, has more than
compensated for lower exports to
Asian countries.
30
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55
60
65
MM
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Consumption Outpaces Production
Consumption Production
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MM
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Turkey Wheat Exports (July-June)
(Grain Equivalent)
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
6
Iraq Imports Rebounding to Highest Level in 5 Years
Iraq’s production has trended higher in
recent years, leading to lower imports.
Wheat imports had increasingly come
in the form of Turkish flour as grain
imports dropped off. This shift was
mainly due to conflict in northern
regions, budgetary constraints on
importing wheat for the Public
Distribution System (PDS), and
competitive pricing of Turkish flour.
However, Iraq’s 2017/18 imports are
forecast to rebound more than 40
percent from last year, partly because
of the low quality of its crop. The
United States has already sold at least
500,000 metric tons of Hard Red
Winter wheat to Iraq, according to U.S.
Export Sales data. This already
represents the largest sales to Iraq in 6
years. In addition to grain purchases
picking up in recent months, flour
imports have also continued at a fast
pace.
Historically, the Grain Board of Iraq
relied on public tendering to purchase
wheat. Typically, the tenders listed
Australia, Canada, and the United
States as acceptable origins. In May
2017, Iraq’s cabinet authorized the
Ministry of Trade to make direct
purchases. During the 2017/18
marketing year, the United States has
already sold 150,000 tons of wheat to
Iraq under the public tendering system
in addition to robust direct sales.
For more information about Iraq’s
wheat sector, see the October Iraq
Grain and Feed Annual GAIN report.
0.0
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3.5
4.0
MM
T
Iraq Wheat Imports
Total Imports From U.S.
*2017/18 Imports from U.S. is based on Export Sales Data To-Date
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Composition of Iraq's Wheat Imports
Grain Flour/Products Forecast
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
7
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18
Selected Importers
Bangladesh is cut 500,000 tons to 6.0 million due to slower-than-expected trade.
Brazil is boosted 500,000 tons to 8.0 million with a smaller crop.
China is up 500,000 tons to 3.5 million due to faster-than-expected trade.
European Union is lowered 500,000 tons to 6.0 million on the slow pace of
purchases and a larger crop.
Indonesia is raised 1.0 million tons to 11.5 million due to higher wheat feeding.
Selected Exporters
Canada is boosted 1.0 million tons to 22.0 million with a larger-than-expected crop.
European Union remains at 28.5 million in spite of a slow pace of shipments on the
expectation of improved competitiveness later in the year.
Russia is lifted 500,000 tons to 33.5 million on the strong pace of shipments.
Ukraine is raised 500,000 tons to 17.0 million based on larger-than-expected trade.
United States is cut 500,000 tons to 26.0 million on the slow pace of shipments and
bumper Canadian exports.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
12,50012,50012,2758,7504,2001,675 Argentina
19,00019,00022,06115,78016,57518,339 Australia
22,00021,00020,25622,11924,88322,156 Canada
28,50028,50027,31134,68635,45532,032 European Union
7,5007,5007,2507,6005,5078,000 Kazakhstan
1,4001,4001,1191,5681,1041,322 Mexico
33,50033,00027,80925,54322,80018,609 Russia
1,1001,1001,0438805931,198 Serbia
6,5006,5006,1775,6054,1354,293 Turkey
17,00016,50018,10717,43111,2699,755 Ukraine
8,7648,6599,36410,23412,35613,571 Others
157,764155,659152,772150,196138,877130,950 Subtotal
26,00026,50029,48821,81123,02331,529 United States
183,764182,159182,260172,007161,900162,479 World Total
none
TY Imports
2,6002,6002,7002,7002,0002,050 Afghanistan
8,2008,2008,4148,1537,2577,484 Algeria
6,0006,5005,5564,7203,9293,354 Bangladesh
8,0007,5007,7885,9225,8697,061 Brazil
3,5003,0004,4103,4761,9266,773 China
2,1502,1502,1102,0321,6271,746 Colombia
12,00012,00011,23611,92511,30010,150 Egypt
6,0006,5005,2756,9165,9793,976 European Union
3,0003,0006,14730127322 India
11,50010,50010,17610,0457,4777,391 Indonesia
3,5003,5002,4472,2182,2533,246 Iraq
5,8005,8005,9115,7155,8786,123 Japan
4,6004,6004,6674,4203,9424,288 Korea, South
5,4005,4005,3704,8054,4714,639 Mexico
4,8004,8005,1914,5034,0863,928 Morocco
5,1005,1004,9724,4104,2444,580 Nigeria
2,1502,1502,0201,7991,9072,114 Peru
5,6005,6505,7044,9185,0543,476 Philippines
3,8003,8003,7162,9313,4993,441 Saudi Arabia
2,6002,6002,4582,0212,6322,664 Sudan
3,0003,0003,6894,8723,4921,759 Thailand
4,5004,5004,5424,4055,9604,147 Turkey
2,8002,8002,7002,6622,2302,224 Uzbekistan
4,0004,0005,5483,0702,2922,157 Vietnam
3,4003,4003,2783,3323,2453,425 Yemen
52,57152,07649,92753,29151,97653,421 Others
176,571175,126175,952165,562154,798155,639 Subtotal
3,0932,9333,0113,3913,1132,055 Unaccounted
4,1004,1003,2973,0543,9894,785 United States
183,764182,159182,260172,007161,900162,479 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
17,50017,50018,40011,30013,93010,500 Argentina
21,50021,50033,50022,27523,74325,303 Australia
30,00027,00031,72927,59429,42037,530 Canada
130,000130,000128,850130,190126,208121,930 China
8,1008,1008,1008,1008,3008,250 Egypt
152,500151,489145,248160,480156,912144,583 European Union
98,38098,38087,00086,53095,85093,506 India
15,00015,00015,50015,00013,00014,500 Iran
14,00014,00014,98513,74812,99613,941 Kazakhstan
6,2506,2502,7318,0645,1166,934 Morocco
25,70025,70025,60025,10025,97924,211 Pakistan
83,00083,00072,52961,04459,08052,091 Russia
21,00021,00017,25019,50015,25018,750 Turkey
26,50026,50026,80027,27424,75022,278 Ukraine
7,2007,2007,2007,2007,1506,800 Uzbekistan
51,20551,98555,35055,74355,35755,880 Others
707,835704,604690,772679,142673,041656,987 Subtotal
47,37147,37162,83356,11755,14758,105 United States
755,206751,975753,605735,259728,188715,092 World Total
none
Total Consumption
10,45010,45010,35010,25010,0509,850 Algeria
12,10012,10012,20011,10010,70011,400 Brazil
8,7008,10010,4007,9249,0969,395 Canada
116,000116,000118,500112,000116,500116,500 China
19,70019,70019,40019,20019,10018,500 Egypt
128,750128,250128,000129,850124,677117,300 European Union
100,000100,00097,12088,55193,10293,848 India
10,7009,70010,0009,1007,3657,165 Indonesia
18,35018,35018,10017,80017,50017,000 Iran
10,30010,30010,2009,8009,0009,000 Morocco
24,80024,80024,50024,40024,50024,100 Pakistan
44,00044,00040,00037,00035,50034,100 Russia
17,90017,90017,40018,00017,50017,750 Turkey
9,80010,00010,30012,20011,50011,500 Ukraine
9,9009,9009,7009,3508,9008,400 Uzbekistan
168,204168,119167,813160,377154,153150,704 Others
711,200709,136707,964679,642673,873663,710 Subtotal
30,91730,91731,75131,94231,32834,260 United States
742,117740,053739,715711,584705,201697,970 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,6355,2656,8355,1787,10110,398 Canada
127,754127,254111,05497,04276,10565,274 China
12,01911,72610,76915,55712,6979,938 European Union
10,68010,6809,80014,54017,22017,830 India
5,1945,1944,5446,8564,2814,317 Morocco
4,6624,6624,3323,8293,7102,191 Pakistan
16,83017,33010,8305,6076,2875,177 Russia
58,50959,96865,03166,27769,88563,586 Others
242,283242,079223,195214,886197,286178,711 Subtotal
26,13425,45332,13326,55220,47716,065 United States
268,417267,532255,328241,438217,763194,776 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
9,839 North America 9,004 8,378 9,177 10,000 10,000
1,833 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 2,010 2,025
14,879 South America 13,132 13,342 16,308 16,095 16,645
3,976 European Union - 28 5,979 6,916 5,275 6,500 6,000
1,858 Other Europe 1,760 1,828 1,970 1,860 1,860
7,528 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,402 7,358 7,960 7,960
28,447 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,774 24,020 24,020
25,246 North Africa 25,430 27,873 28,334 28,350 28,350
20,405 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,963 22,865 22,215 23,980 24,265
19,465 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,355 15,880 16,380
6,722 South Asia 8,164 8,823 15,469 13,271 12,771
17,176 Southeast Asia 20,576 25,483 27,763 25,910 26,950
3,050 Others 3,225 3,147 3,258 3,390 3,445
160,424 Total 158,787 168,616 179,249 179,226 180,671
Production none
99,012 North America 88,254 87,462 98,446 77,921 80,921
19,803 South America 24,581 21,601 28,646 25,188 24,538
144,583 European Union - 28 156,912 160,480 145,248 151,489 152,500
4,228 Other Europe 4,088 4,359 4,749 4,235 4,235
103,824 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,382 117,964 130,477 139,273 139,273
41,708 Middle East 35,414 42,905 39,791 42,675 42,615
19,661 North Africa 17,029 19,976 14,081 18,150 18,150
7,204 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,477 6,433 7,227 7,319 7,249
123,248 East Asia 127,650 131,515 130,153 131,454 131,454
125,917 South Asia 130,057 119,676 120,688 132,180 132,180
25,716 Oceania 24,157 22,689 33,918 21,920 21,920
188 Others 187 199 181 171 171
715,092 Total 728,188 735,259 753,605 751,975 755,206
Domestic Consumption none
50,305 North America 47,274 46,866 50,051 46,717 47,317
27,321 South America 27,090 27,665 28,665 28,865 28,790
117,300 European Union - 28 124,677 129,850 128,000 128,250 128,750
4,857 Other Europe 4,875 4,935 5,035 5,035 5,035
72,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,990 77,775 79,070 83,190 82,990
58,764 Middle East 58,357 60,110 60,436 62,290 62,190
42,475 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44,570 45,075 45,075
26,383 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,220 28,571 29,199 30,168 30,333
130,201 East Asia 129,523 125,274 132,255 129,615 129,615
132,041 South Asia 132,306 128,914 139,104 142,821 142,821
16,610 Southeast Asia 19,295 23,131 26,375 24,270 25,305
8,280 Oceania 8,564 8,505 9,140 8,420 8,420
3,480 Others 3,574 3,582 3,834 3,870 3,930
690,772 Total 700,471 708,844 735,734 738,586 740,571
Ending Stocks none
26,782 North America 28,101 32,241 39,714 31,314 33,365
6,776 South America 8,639 4,208 4,849 4,253 4,273
9,938 European Union - 28 12,697 15,557 10,769 11,726 12,019
1,009 Other Europe 1,321 1,598 1,962 1,767 1,767
15,832 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,662 16,770 21,114 27,187 26,322
18,834 Middle East 18,474 19,868 15,957 13,141 13,067
14,045 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,922 14,662 14,662
2,844 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,036 3,213 2,561 2,915 2,907
68,314 East Asia 79,217 100,404 114,275 130,564 131,064
21,661 South Asia 23,109 21,040 16,637 18,057 17,557
3,491 Southeast Asia 3,921 5,413 5,859 7,048 6,504
4,826 Oceania 4,925 4,080 7,271 4,456 4,461
424 Others 445 418 438 442 449
194,776 Total 217,763 241,438 255,328 267,532 268,417
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
11
RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
For 2017/18, global production is raised this month on a record crop in China. Trade is forecast
higher, though still slightly below the previous year’s record. Larger imports are forecast for
several African countries, while export prospects for Burma and Vietnam are raised from last
month. Global stocks are raised, mostly on account of China, and are the third-largest on record.
PRICES
Uruguayuan export quotes have risen this past month to $545/ton, reflecting pre-harvest
tightening supplies in the face of a smaller crop. This has caused South American quotes to edge
closer to U.S. quotes, which have remained steady at $565/ton. Meanwhile, Asian quotes have
diverged in the past month with Thai quotes rising to $413/ton, reflecting a stronger baht. Both
Indian and Vietnamese quotes fell to $385/ton and $391/ton, respectively. Pakistan is quoted the
lowest at $375/ton.
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
$/MT Weekly Price Quotes: Last 12 Months
U.S. #2/4 (long-grain) THAI 100B VIETNAM 5%
INDIA 5% PAKISTAN 5% URUGUAY 5%
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
12
FEATURE
Over 40 percent of U.S. rice exports (product weight basis) are paddy rice, which differs from world
market trade as the top Asian exporters almost exclusively ship milled rice. This feature is
attributable to two factors: U.S. milled rice prices tend to be higher than respective Asian prices,
making it difficult for U.S. rice to compete in Asian markets; and the majority of U.S. rice flows to
Western Hemisphere markets, many of which have mills that can easily process domestic and
imported rice, as well as policies that support their milling industry.
A decade ago, the United States had a near-monopoly of the paddy trade in the Western Hemisphere,
with other regional suppliers as marginal actors. While the United States is still the primary paddy
supplier, Brazil, Guyana, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina are now adding greater competition.
In 2011, abnormal growing conditions caused chalkiness in U.S. rice kernels, and some unsatisfied
Central American buyers began to buy from South America, especially from Brazil. In 2014 as
petroleum prices plummeted, Guyana’s trade with its neighbor and primary buyer, Venezuela,
abruptly dropped. Consequently, Guyana has been pressing into other paddy markets. Most notably,
since July this year, Guyana has shipped over 50,000 tons to Mexico, accounting for 7 percent of
paddy imports year-to-date. This is the top paddy rice market in the Western Hemisphere, and had
been supplied exclusively by the United States. The newest emerging paddy exporter is land-locked
Paraguay, where production has more than quadrupled over the past decade. Currently, its paddy
exports are largely focused on supplying Brazil via border trade.
In aggregate, these South American suppliers pose a new dynamic in paddy trade in the Americas,
creating much fiercer competition for the paddy market that had previously been almost exclusively
the U.S. domain. Further abroad, as Egypt’s exports have dwindled, the United States has vied with
Russia and the European Union for Mediterranean medium-grain paddy markets, particularly Turkey.
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
MMT
South America Paddy Exports Expand...
Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Argentina Guyana
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
MMT
Total U.S. Rough Rice Exports
...Challenging U.S. Paddy Export Dominance
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
13
TRADE CHANGES IN 2018
Selected Importers
Indonesia is lowered 200,000 tons to 300,000 on continued self-sufficiency targets and
lower expected demand amid changes to the raskin program.
Kenya is up 100,000 tons to 700,000 on prospects for growth in demand for Asian
varieties.
Liberia is raised 140,000 tons to 400,000 on rising demand for low-priced rice from
India and China.
Togo is lifted 100,000 tons to 300,000 on a growing appetite for imported rice from India
and Thailand.
Selected Exporters
Burma is raised 400,000 tons to 3.0 million on expected strong trade to China and on
diversification to additional markets.
Vietnam is up 200,000 tons to 6.5 million on expectations of growth in shipments to
China and other markets.
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017
Selected Importers
Bangladesh is raised 250,000 tons to 1.4 million on higher imports from India.
Brazil is up 160,000 tons to 800,000 on a strong pace of trade and shipments from
Guyana.
Indonesia is down 200,000 tons to 300,000 on the lack of end-of-year government
purchases, despite relatively low stocks.
Liberia is up 100,000 tons to 370,000 on shipments from India and China.
Selected Exporters
Burma is raised 300,000 tons to 3.1 million on larger shipments to China, Africa, and the
European Union.
Cambodia is lowered 200,000 tons to 1.2 million reflecting delayed shipments to
Bangladesh.
India is up 200,000 tons to a record 11.6 million on strong sales to Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka, Iran, and African countries.
United States is lowered 100,000 tons to 3.4 million on a slower pace of shipments to
date.
Vietnam is up 400,000 tons to 6.6 million on large shipments not only to China but also
to Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
430450500527310494 Argentina
325325180165323404 Australia
650650600641895852 Brazil
3,0002,6003,1001,3001,7351,688 Burma
1,2501,2501,1501,1501,1501,000 Cambodia
1,1001,1001,100368262393 China
280280320270251284 European Union
460450440431486446 Guyana
11,60011,60011,60010,04011,04611,588 India
3,8003,8003,6004,0004,0003,700 Pakistan
520520500557371380 Paraguay
160170180198163187 Russia
10,20010,20011,0009,8679,77910,969 Thailand
8109001,000996718957 Uruguay
6,5006,3006,6005,0886,6066,325 Vietnam
1,0571,0571,0261,1341,1731,509 Others
42,14241,65242,89636,73239,26841,176 Subtotal
3,4003,4503,4003,3733,3812,947 United States
45,54245,10246,29640,10542,64944,123 World Total
none
TY Imports
650600600470450500 Angola
1,2001,2001,350355981,335 Bangladesh
500500525450400350 Benin
600600800786363586 Brazil
575575550500500525 Cameroon
5,2505,2505,3004,6005,1504,450 China
1,5001,5001,3501,3001,150950 Cote d'Ivoire
580580550544575377 Cuba
1,9001,9001,8751,8161,7861,556 European Union
550550500700580590 Ghana
800725725650420520 Guinea
1,3001,3001,6001,1001,3001,400 Iran
1,1001,1001,0509301,0001,080 Iraq
685685685685688669 Japan
700600675500450440 Kenya
9009001,0008231,051989 Malaysia
850850870731719685 Mexico
700700750625575590 Mozambique
600600550530530520 Nepal
2,3002,3002,5002,1002,1003,200 Nigeria
1,7001,7001,1008002,0001,800 Philippines
1,4501,4501,4001,3001,6011,459 Saudi Arabia
1,0501,0501,000980990960 Senegal
9509501,000954912910 South Africa
825825750670580560 United Arab Emirates
13,14712,93713,38312,27112,97413,402 Others
42,36241,92742,43836,85039,44240,403 Subtotal
2,4202,4153,0982,4872,4502,965 Unaccounted
760760760768757755 United States
45,54245,10246,29640,10542,64944,123 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, and so on.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Milled Production
33,00033,00034,57834,50034,50034,390 Bangladesh
7,8207,8208,3837,2108,4658,300 Brazil
12,95012,60012,65012,16012,60011,957 Burma
5,0005,0004,9504,8474,7004,725 Cambodia
146,000144,000144,850145,770144,560142,530 China
4,3004,3004,8004,0004,5304,750 Egypt
107,500107,500110,150104,408105,482106,646 India
37,00037,00037,15036,20035,56036,300 Indonesia
7,6007,6007,7807,6707,8497,931 Japan
3,9723,9004,1974,3274,2414,230 Korea, South
3,6543,6543,6543,5283,4653,038 Nigeria
6,9006,9006,8506,8006,9006,798 Pakistan
11,20011,20011,68611,00011,91511,858 Philippines
20,40020,40019,20015,80018,75020,460 Thailand
28,45028,45027,55027,58428,16628,161 Vietnam
42,05942,20741,18540,63540,36740,349 Others
477,805475,531479,613466,439472,050472,423 Subtotal
5,6645,6647,1176,1337,1066,117 United States
483,469481,195486,730472,572479,156478,540 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
35,00034,80035,00035,10035,10034,900 Bangladesh
7,9507,9508,1007,9007,9257,900 Brazil
10,20010,20010,20010,40010,50010,450 Burma
3,7503,7503,7503,7003,6153,650 Cambodia
142,150142,150141,345140,799140,334139,770 China
4,4004,4004,3003,9004,0004,000 Egypt
98,00098,00096,78193,56898,24498,727 India
37,30037,40037,50037,80038,30038,500 Indonesia
8,4508,4508,5008,6008,6008,380 Japan
4,8004,6504,7284,2124,1974,422 Korea, South
3,8503,8503,7543,3533,7703,831 Nepal
6,2006,2006,1006,0005,9005,800 Nigeria
12,90012,90012,90012,90013,00012,850 Philippines
11,50011,50012,0009,10010,00010,600 Thailand
22,10022,30021,80022,50022,00022,000 Vietnam
67,08766,63365,32162,41461,69461,180 Others
477,103476,711477,159464,150469,130471,265 Subtotal
3,6523,6524,1713,5804,2843,978 United States
480,755480,363481,330467,730473,414475,243 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
94,50092,50086,50078,50069,00060,500 China
1,3241,3241,474924924610 Egypt
18,45018,45020,55018,40017,80022,800 India
3,4193,6193,4393,5094,1115,501 Indonesia
2,2372,2372,4622,5522,8213,007 Japan
1,9961,9961,9962,1102,4101,695 Philippines
3,8033,8034,8538,40311,27011,999 Thailand
14,01414,06015,27516,73817,88114,890 Others
139,743137,989136,549131,136126,217121,002 Subtotal
9829501,4621,4751,5521,025 United States
140,725138,939138,011132,611127,769122,027 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,801 North America 1,838 1,855 1,980 1,980 1,980
911 Caribbean 1,174 1,135 1,245 1,235 1,235
1,814 South America 1,686 2,014 1,881 1,656 1,656
132 Other Europe 128 136 140 140 140
626 Former Soviet Union - 12 571 457 566 535 555
6,711 Middle East 6,464 5,716 6,695 6,605 6,605
470 North Africa 396 483 565 435 485
12,658 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,355 12,129 13,915 13,750 14,280
6,044 East Asia 6,686 6,097 6,946 6,896 6,896
2,576 South Asia 1,693 945 3,110 2,600 2,600
5,023 Southeast Asia 5,677 3,883 3,430 4,155 3,955
2,392 Others 2,531 2,768 2,725 2,700 2,735
41,158 Total 40,199 37,618 43,198 42,687 43,122
Production none
6,248 North America 7,285 6,289 7,294 5,849 5,849
1,054 Caribbean 979 869 884 933 933
16,354 South America 16,550 15,391 16,558 16,357 16,280
1,937 European Union - 28 1,954 2,050 2,068 2,083 2,090
1,205 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,185 1,262 1,261 1,247 1,222
2,417 Middle East 2,245 2,392 2,455 2,475 2,475
4,776 North Africa 4,553 4,044 4,837 4,340 4,340
14,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 15,193 15,701 16,397 16,025 16,025
157,701 East Asia 159,486 160,179 159,571 158,194 160,266
154,255 South Asia 153,156 152,263 157,145 153,875 153,875
116,867 Southeast Asia 115,367 111,317 116,957 118,471 118,821
1,339 Others 1,203 815 1,303 1,346 1,293
478,540 Total 479,156 472,572 486,730 481,195 483,469
Domestic Consumption none
5,217 North America 5,522 4,814 5,447 4,932 4,942
1,195 Central America 1,199 1,301 1,316 1,321 1,342
1,992 Caribbean 2,051 2,004 2,084 2,203 2,203
14,578 South America 14,738 14,782 14,990 15,130 15,133
3,250 European Union - 28 3,400 3,550 3,650 3,750 3,750
1,605 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,507 1,508 1,599 1,572 1,582
9,140 Middle East 9,000 8,562 8,928 9,215 9,215
4,452 North Africa 4,407 4,279 4,774 4,825 4,875
26,514 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,141 27,701 29,427 29,746 30,096
156,184 East Asia 156,400 156,433 157,748 158,365 158,515
143,331 South Asia 143,183 138,819 142,381 143,875 144,075
102,763 Southeast Asia 102,357 101,520 103,331 103,276 102,976
717 Others 558 553 575 575 585
470,938 Total 471,463 465,826 476,250 478,785 479,289
Ending Stocks none
1,184 North America 1,717 1,602 1,633 1,146 1,178
212 Central America 229 277 303 273 293
264 Caribbean 223 234 191 146 146
1,819 South America 2,187 1,579 1,761 1,541 1,655
1,163 European Union - 28 1,151 1,183 1,115 1,083 1,075
1,777 Middle East 1,742 1,134 1,299 1,114 1,114
610 North Africa 924 924 1,474 1,324 1,324
3,001 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,215 2,737 2,709 2,448 2,493
64,694 East Asia 73,483 83,126 90,966 96,494 98,381
24,920 South Asia 21,428 21,571 23,076 21,021 20,871
21,976 Southeast Asia 21,060 18,008 13,099 11,954 11,804
241 Oceania 223 77 228 263 259
166 Others 187 159 157 132 132
122,027 Total 127,769 132,611 138,011 138,939 140,725
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
17
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
$/M
T
Corn Daily FOB Export Bids
Argentina Up River Black Sea Brazil Paranagua US Gulf
COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW
There are few changes this month for the 2017/18 global corn use. Corn production is up
marginally with gains for China, the European Union, Laos, and Guatemala more than offsetting
a reduction for Russia. Global corn trade is mostly unchanged. The U.S. season-average farm
price remains unchanged at $3.20 per bushel.
PRICES
Global corn prices trended upward from last month’s WASDE mainly amid weather concerns
and seasonality. Argentine bids surged $10/ton to $156 and Brazilian bids were up $5/ton to
$161 with tight nearby supplies. Black Sea bids were unchanged at $164. U.S. quotes dropped
slightly ($1/ton) to $156 .
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
18
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
5 years ago
4 years ago
3 years ago
2 years ago
1 year ago
2017
Million Metric Tons
U.S. Sorghum Sales Booked as of the end of November
China
Others
FEATURE
U.S. Sorghum Sales Bode Well for 2017/18 Exports
From September to November in 2017/18, U.S. sorghum sales totaled about 2.0 million tons or
one-third of the export forecast reflecting strong overseas demand. Sales to reported destinations
are up substantially from a year ago, driven by China, while sales to “Others” are mainly
comprised of undeclared destinations and are up modestly from last year.
Most U.S. sorghum is destined to feed-deficit southern China, where animal production is
concentrated and feed demand runs high. The uptick in sales indicates a need for competitively-
priced alternative feedstuffs as domestic corn prices, in both the surplus North and deficit South,
remain higher than world market prices. Unlike corn, sorghum imports are neither subject to
tariff-rate quotas, nor have any biotech varieties.
Meanwhile, the uptick in sales leaves little room in the U.S. sorghum balance sheet with the
forecast of tight ending stocks. In March, the USDA Prospective Plantings report will give an
indication of how U.S. producers will respond to these market dynamics.
TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18
Selected Exporters
U.S. sorghum is boosted sharply by 1.3 million tons to 6.7 million on strong sales and
shipments primarily to China. Accordingly, China’s sorghum imports are raised 1.3
million tons to 6.3 million.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
19
EU corn is raised 500,000 tons to 2.0 million on expectations for Romania to replace
Russia’s trade to Vietnam, Turkey, and Lebanon.
Russia corn is cut 500,000 tons to 5.0 million on lower production based on reported
harvest results to date.
Selected Importers
Brazil corn is up 400,000 tons to 700,000 reflecting strong imports during October and
November from Paraguay to southern Brazil.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
29,30529,30526,10525,29021,00316,630 Argentina
6,7256,72510,2736,3897,2867,004 Australia
36,01536,01519,80035,41521,95422,059 Brazil
4,7504,7504,9974,6933,6045,482 Canada
8,5058,0058,17410,97515,0687,841 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559792501 Mexico
2,5152,5151,7722,6773,0312,718 Paraguay
9,86010,3609,2618,4659,1557,074 Russia
1,9101,9102,1357647622,128 South Africa
25,41025,31026,86821,45724,20824,125 Ukraine
6,6706,6608,8947,90610,58913,004 Others
132,965132,855119,818125,590117,452108,566 Subtotal
55,36554,11561,79859,23056,41956,776 United States
188,330186,970181,616184,820173,871165,342 World Total
none
TY Imports
5,4255,4254,6755,2244,8634,946 Algeria
1,1001,1001,1761,042482488 Bangladesh
1,3509503,1762,1211,0231,184 Brazil
2,1802,2201,5381,7441,7071,621 Chile
16,00014,70016,05517,49925,69912,445 China
5,3355,3355,0344,8244,7474,795 Colombia
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,10010,1008,7928,7957,9388,840 Egypt
16,70516,55515,90914,2879,40816,355 European Union
11,30011,3009,9008,3008,0006,600 Iran
1,7851,7951,9251,5051,6012,072 Israel
16,72016,72016,99917,07016,72617,501 Japan
1,7001,7001,5881,7131,4481,443 Jordan
1,3001,3001,106309717444 Kenya
9,7709,7709,29610,19210,24510,499 Korea, South
2,1002,1002,1251,9051,6851,493 Libya
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,90016,90015,23814,88111,64011,312 Mexico
3,0003,0002,5263,1822,2172,858 Morocco
3,4203,4203,3593,0832,8632,336 Peru
13,01013,01012,93013,99211,11511,332 Saudi Arabia
4,6004,6004,2674,7813,9384,346 Taiwan
1,9001,9001,7451,7131,5251,449 Tunisia
1,6001,6001,2401,7382,4332,627 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
18,65618,77621,91222,19022,86920,298 Others
180,856179,176175,833176,121166,012156,080 Subtotal
3,8744,2442,3614,7184,5635,939 Unaccounted
3,6003,5503,4223,9813,2963,323 United States
188,330186,970181,616184,820173,871165,342 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
49,00449,00448,56938,43936,78235,665 Argentina
11,49611,42616,88412,54412,60512,158 Australia
97,78697,601101,57568,64987,67182,634 Brazil
26,20525,55525,79425,61921,99228,745 Canada
223,931223,040227,439231,402222,405225,062 China
13,03513,03512,70013,03514,44213,078 Ethiopia
150,795150,431152,591152,665170,670159,212 European Union
42,24042,24044,35038,70143,07643,216 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
31,62531,62533,31532,37832,68932,065 Mexico
18,85018,85019,33516,68118,91714,633 Nigeria
42,30043,30040,76537,42740,38635,735 Russia
12,96312,94818,0378,67511,11015,518 South Africa
13,04313,04310,89314,2439,39313,074 Turkey
34,99034,99039,25533,38739,38940,022 Ukraine
160,931160,741161,306158,877164,582156,261 Others
940,544939,179963,708893,222935,109916,178 Subtotal
383,372383,372402,612367,009377,234367,089 United States
1,323,9161,322,5511,366,3201,260,2311,312,3431,283,267 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
17,38417,38416,23414,32114,23213,695 Argentina
64,89264,75064,03259,82360,00958,053 Brazil
23,24522,94521,65221,25121,29022,345 Canada
261,380260,080252,940238,740228,709223,196 China
16,85816,85816,02715,80314,83214,122 Egypt
160,100160,100160,690157,250162,592164,401 European Union
43,55043,55043,00040,17040,45037,600 India
17,72017,72015,62013,82012,02011,320 Iran
17,06217,06217,24617,25716,87417,570 Japan
48,19048,19046,89544,71542,17540,935 Mexico
19,15019,15019,53016,64118,77614,668 Nigeria
32,60032,80032,12529,71531,13928,219 Russia
14,60514,60513,42514,10511,90511,411 Saudi Arabia
13,51813,51813,09314,09313,02313,414 Turkey
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
255,481255,411255,417250,179251,643244,110 Others
1,024,7931,023,1071,028,894942,349965,467931,155 Subtotal
329,282329,282327,435312,597311,339305,044 United States
1,354,0751,352,3891,356,3291,254,9461,276,8061,236,199 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
7,3327,3366,9123,1794,2743,169 Argentina
9,7659,41310,0367,0088,23514,265 Brazil
4,1843,8754,9144,6433,3344,648 Canada
80,96580,074102,494112,051101,91782,544 China
14,01413,58915,11915,45218,88515,565 European Union
6,3546,3547,1147,1747,1345,094 Iran
5,0465,2166,0115,8894,8323,487 Mexico
40,34640,47347,58648,89951,56348,500 Others
168,006166,330200,186204,295200,174177,272 Subtotal
64,23365,45262,21248,11246,94834,313 United States
232,239231,782262,398252,407247,122211,585 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
15,349 North America 16,649 19,953 19,579 21,510 21,560
2,923 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 4,100 4,000
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,659 2,840 2,840
13,180 South America 13,355 13,876 14,968 14,300 14,660
16,355 European Union - 28 9,408 14,287 15,909 16,555 16,705
807 Former Soviet Union - 12 745 548 828 720 720
26,241 Middle East 27,608 29,730 31,469 31,785 31,775
19,586 North Africa 18,228 20,819 19,863 22,525 22,525
3,134 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,169 6,133 6,650 4,260 4,240
44,865 East Asia 56,655 49,576 46,709 45,840 47,140
12,814 Southeast Asia 14,719 15,757 13,944 15,115 15,115
1,819 Others 1,872 2,888 2,878 3,176 3,176
159,403 Total 169,308 180,102 179,255 182,726 184,456
Production none
427,899 North America 431,915 425,006 461,721 440,552 441,202
133,041 South America 139,745 123,257 163,349 160,612 160,627
159,212 European Union - 28 170,670 152,665 152,591 150,431 150,795
8,992 Other Europe 10,927 9,271 11,328 7,337 7,337
87,859 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,821 82,551 92,187 90,849 89,849
22,274 Middle East 17,931 23,165 19,700 21,756 21,681
11,581 North Africa 10,927 12,289 9,263 10,807 10,807
101,908 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,183 98,317 113,318 108,543 108,558
227,452 East Asia 225,083 233,945 230,094 225,612 226,503
54,221 South Asia 54,182 50,176 56,411 54,774 54,774
31,006 Southeast Asia 30,949 31,992 33,991 34,583 34,808
12,794 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,459 11,996 12,066
5,028 Others 4,727 4,361 4,908 4,699 4,909
1,283,267 Total 1,312,343 1,260,231 1,366,320 1,322,551 1,323,916
Domestic Consumption none
368,324 North America 374,804 378,563 395,982 400,417 400,717
95,335 South America 98,567 98,718 103,585 107,008 107,045
164,401 European Union - 28 162,592 157,250 160,690 160,100 160,100
7,803 Other Europe 8,347 8,651 8,917 8,047 8,047
56,361 Former Soviet Union - 12 58,273 53,430 55,914 55,844 55,524
45,989 Middle East 45,620 51,726 51,783 55,074 54,989
28,059 North Africa 30,168 32,142 31,408 33,183 33,183
100,887 Sub-Saharan Africa 110,148 104,871 113,506 111,181 111,091
257,340 East Asia 262,458 272,906 286,344 294,000 295,300
48,965 South Asia 52,095 53,185 56,500 57,704 57,704
39,043 Southeast Asia 41,183 43,943 45,857 46,600 46,900
5,754 Oceania 5,846 6,429 6,479 6,111 6,131
10,042 Others 10,307 10,866 11,296 11,536 11,686
1,228,303 Total 1,260,408 1,272,680 1,328,261 1,346,805 1,348,417
Ending Stocks none
42,448 North America 55,114 58,644 73,137 74,543 73,463
21,527 South America 15,967 14,652 20,591 20,150 20,503
15,565 European Union - 28 18,885 15,452 15,119 13,589 14,014
818 Other Europe 1,102 910 1,599 989 989
7,399 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,916 6,246 6,703 5,824 5,478
11,819 Middle East 12,617 14,302 13,451 11,630 11,673
5,703 North Africa 5,412 5,875 3,691 4,059 3,830
9,321 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,192 9,011 10,022 8,748 8,649
86,556 East Asia 105,819 116,410 106,720 84,128 84,983
4,025 South Asia 5,187 3,156 4,305 2,879 2,901
4,324 Southeast Asia 4,149 5,021 3,830 3,134 3,428
1,119 Oceania 1,639 1,594 2,036 1,040 1,091
961 Others 1,123 1,134 1,194 1,069 1,237
211,585 Total 247,122 252,407 262,398 231,782 232,239
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
27,00027,00022,95121,67818,44812,846 Argentina
36,00036,00019,79435,38221,90922,041 Brazil
1,2001,2001,1001,0001,2501,100 Burma
1,3001,3001,5381,7673951,939 Canada
2,0001,5002,1711,9494,0272,404 European Union
1,3001,3001,5391,559784501 Mexico
2,5002,5001,7572,6623,0122,714 Paraguay
5,0005,5005,5894,6913,2134,194 Russia
1,9001,9002,1107597462,104 South Africa
20,50020,50021,33416,59519,66120,004 Ukraine
4,2154,2156,2235,6668,11410,292 Others
102,915102,91586,10693,70881,55980,139 Subtotal
48,50048,50055,53551,15646,83150,691 United States
151,415151,415141,641144,864128,390130,830 World Total
none
TY Imports
4,7004,7004,0004,3294,1164,156 Algeria
1,1001,1001,1761,042482488 Bangladesh
1,0001,0008279491,536678 Canada
2,0002,0001,4841,5391,5161,456 Chile
3,0003,0002,4643,1745,5163,277 China
5,0005,0004,7484,4584,4964,436 Colombia
1,0001,000964853886928 Cuba
1,4001,4001,2941,3511,2021,011 Dominican Republic
10,00010,0008,7738,7227,8398,791 Egypt
16,00016,00015,24913,7948,90816,014 European Union
1,0001,1009511,027881767 Guatemala
10,00010,0008,5006,6006,1005,500 Iran
1,4001,4001,5151,1521,2941,651 Israel
15,00015,00015,16915,20114,65715,121 Japan
1,2001,200976200600350 Kenya
9,7009,7009,23110,12110,16810,406 Korea, South
4,0004,0003,5284,0803,2213,485 Malaysia
16,50016,50014,56914,01111,34110,949 Mexico
2,5002,5002,1642,2241,9412,349 Morocco
3,3003,3003,1692,9852,7412,232 Peru
4,5004,5003,4203,5832,9042,684 Saudi Arabia
4,5004,5004,1634,6563,8104,179 Taiwan
1,3001,3001,2441,0171,042993 Tunisia
1,6001,6001,2381,7382,4332,626 Venezuela
9,5009,5008,5008,6006,7004,300 Vietnam
15,43515,03519,49319,17818,49016,863 Others
146,635146,335138,809136,584124,820125,690 Subtotal
3,4803,7801,3826,4982,7614,413 Unaccounted
1,3001,3001,4501,782809727 United States
151,415151,415141,641144,864128,390130,830 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
42,00042,00041,00029,50029,75026,000 Argentina
95,00095,00098,50067,00085,00080,000 Brazil
14,10014,10013,19313,55911,48714,194 Canada
215,891215,000219,554224,632215,646218,489 China
6,0006,0006,0006,0005,9605,800 Egypt
6,5006,5006,3506,8007,2356,492 Ethiopia
60,09159,58561,45358,74875,73464,931 European Union
25,00025,00026,26022,57024,17024,259 India
11,35011,35010,90010,5009,0009,100 Indonesia
26,20026,20027,56525,97125,48022,880 Mexico
10,50010,50010,7559,54010,7918,423 Nigeria
8,3008,3008,0876,9707,6717,532 Philippines
14,00015,00015,30513,16811,32511,635 Russia
12,50012,50017,4758,21410,62914,925 South Africa
25,00025,00028,00023,33328,45030,900 Ukraine
102,034101,579100,375101,441103,93399,318 Others
674,466673,614690,772627,946662,261644,878 Subtotal
370,286370,286384,778345,506361,091351,272 United States
1,044,7521,043,9001,075,550973,4521,023,352996,150 World Total
none
Total Consumption
12,50012,50011,2009,3009,3008,800 Argentina
61,50061,50060,50057,50057,00055,000 Brazil
14,00014,00012,70012,38112,82012,675 Canada
240,000240,000232,000217,500202,000208,000 China
15,90015,90015,10014,85013,90013,200 Egypt
74,80074,70073,70073,50077,88076,796 European Union
25,80025,80025,00023,55022,35019,600 India
12,20012,20012,30012,10012,20011,900 Indonesia
13,10013,10010,8008,8007,4006,800 Iran
15,10015,10015,20015,20014,60015,000 Japan
9,8009,8009,41010,12310,2509,891 Korea, South
42,30042,30040,40037,30034,55031,700 Mexico
10,90010,90011,0509,60010,7008,500 Nigeria
11,70011,70013,12510,97011,65011,500 South Africa
13,40013,40012,90012,2009,4008,200 Vietnam
170,837170,917165,935164,186162,691157,559 Others
748,974748,854749,307669,500686,099661,861 Subtotal
319,039317,769313,812298,785301,792292,958 United States
1,068,0131,066,6231,063,119968,285987,891954,819 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6,2676,2715,7621,4592,8981,408 Argentina
9,3699,0699,5696,7697,84213,972 Brazil
79,55678,665100,715110,774100,47281,323 China
6,8416,4737,5506,7199,6266,891 European Union
5,7365,7366,2966,0565,7164,476 Iran
4,5084,6785,4085,2134,0902,603 Mexico
2,1962,1962,9961,0962,4482,198 South Africa
27,68927,58730,74732,69832,67430,116 Others
142,162140,675169,043170,784165,766142,987 Subtotal
61,91563,18558,29544,12343,97431,292 United States
204,077203,860227,338214,907209,740174,279 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
12,354 North America 13,686 16,742 16,846 18,800 18,800
2,922 Central America 3,456 3,938 3,799 4,100 4,000
12,025 South America 12,042 12,462 13,609 12,870 13,270
16,014 European Union - 28 8,908 13,794 15,249 16,000 16,000
452 Former Soviet Union - 12 500 361 374 445 445
13,438 Middle East 15,157 14,886 17,714 20,000 20,000
17,101 North Africa 15,622 16,873 16,881 19,300 19,300
2,488 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323 5,408 5,876 3,380 3,380
33,057 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,119 32,250 32,250
12,768 Southeast Asia 14,705 15,741 13,927 15,100 15,100
2,330 Caribbean 2,444 2,597 2,657 2,840 2,840
1,468 Others 1,588 2,378 2,208 2,550 2,550
126,417 Total 125,629 138,366 140,259 147,635 147,935
Production none
388,346 North America 398,058 385,036 425,536 410,586 410,586
118,260 South America 127,572 110,079 149,973 148,181 148,181
64,931 European Union - 28 75,734 58,748 61,453 59,585 60,091
7,297 Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,407 5,484 5,484
47,034 Former Soviet Union - 12 43,951 39,872 47,299 44,250 43,250
8,763 Middle East 7,785 9,213 8,587 9,128 9,128
5,919 North Africa 6,058 6,096 6,130 6,201 6,201
64,995 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,271 60,982 69,293 67,769 67,769
220,582 East Asia 217,995 226,883 221,908 217,259 218,150
34,100 South Asia 34,100 32,861 37,063 36,286 36,286
3,878 Central America 3,588 3,278 3,789 3,600 3,810
30,724 Southeast Asia 30,655 31,697 33,701 34,293 34,518
1,321 Others 1,453 1,280 1,411 1,278 1,298
996,150 Total 1,023,352 973,452 1,075,550 1,043,900 1,044,752
Domestic Consumption none
337,333 North America 349,162 348,466 366,912 374,069 375,339
84,206 South America 87,426 88,171 91,908 95,405 95,405
76,796 European Union - 28 77,880 73,500 73,700 74,700 74,800
5,897 Other Europe 6,297 6,622 6,878 5,995 5,995
21,755 Former Soviet Union - 12 20,807 19,325 19,984 19,160 18,660
19,966 Middle East 21,738 23,502 25,978 29,480 29,480
20,800 North Africa 22,100 22,990 23,420 25,200 25,200
63,399 Sub-Saharan Africa 67,580 66,127 68,992 69,332 69,282
239,185 East Asia 233,127 249,279 263,066 271,650 271,650
29,782 South Asia 32,773 35,140 37,190 38,590 38,590
38,754 Southeast Asia 40,849 43,634 45,547 46,300 46,600
6,625 Central America 6,760 7,180 7,520 7,590 7,740
3,581 Others 3,984 3,909 4,037 4,115 4,135
948,079 Total 970,483 987,845 1,035,132 1,061,586 1,062,876
Ending Stocks none
35,495 North America 49,466 51,549 65,744 69,741 68,264
19,028 South America 13,813 12,332 18,620 18,408 18,761
6,891 European Union - 28 9,626 6,719 7,550 6,473 6,841
529 Other Europe 896 796 1,449 884 888
2,684 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,164 2,593 3,105 2,418 2,380
5,970 Middle East 7,050 7,492 7,553 7,114 7,106
3,175 North Africa 3,259 2,988 2,446 2,955 2,737
7,358 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,349 7,046 8,088 7,129 7,045
84,864 East Asia 103,922 114,710 104,558 82,404 83,258
2,937 South Asia 3,834 2,444 3,133 2,104 2,104
4,318 Southeast Asia 4,143 5,015 3,830 3,134 3,428
634 Central America 759 791 851 746 906
396 Others 459 432 411 350 359
174,279 Total 209,740 214,907 227,338 203,860 204,077
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
1,7001,7002,6962,8361,5992,829 Argentina
5,8005,8009,1935,4015,2666,261 Australia
1,5001,5001,7701,1471,3861,714 Canada
6,2006,2005,6838,64410,6424,926 European Union
600600823807479596 Kazakhstan
12575143598126 Moldova
4,8004,8003,6293,7355,8072,791 Russia
505033333718 Serbia
15015020049 Turkey
4,7004,6005,3374,6734,3323,827 Ukraine
8510519692170589 Others
25,71025,58029,52327,42729,80323,586 Subtotal
130130125161291336 United States
25,84025,71029,64827,58830,09423,922 World Total
none
TY Imports
700700650864723778 Algeria
1001001097111 Belarus
650650737551489337 Brazil
6,5006,5008,1045,8699,8594,891 China
280280285301249253 Colombia
10010014729846 Egypt
50035044731526958 European Union
3003004006721 India
1,3001,3001,4001,7001,9001,100 Iran
350350376319278304 Israel
1,1001,1001,1971,1541,0971,294 Japan
700700759902759997 Jordan
200200400511412436 Kuwait
1,3001,3001,4251,3241,001681 Libya
1001002132184108 Mexico
500500358958276471 Morocco
8,5008,5009,50010,4008,2008,500 Saudi Arabia
1501502502020100 Syria
600600501696483456 Tunisia
400400400668393468 United Arab Emirates
9661,0061,6181,1671,7091,739 Others
25,29625,18628,93227,99728,40223,029 Subtotal
194174499-7611,262370 Unaccounted
350350217352430523 United States
25,84025,71029,64827,58830,09423,922 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
2,7502,7503,3004,9402,9004,750 Argentina
8,0008,00013,4148,9938,6469,174 Australia
1,9001,9001,2531,8491,9881,674 Belarus
7,9007,2508,7848,2267,11910,237 Canada
2,1002,1002,0001,8701,8101,700 China
2,0702,0702,0501,9501,9531,908 Ethiopia
58,68058,96359,86062,09560,60959,674 European Union
1,7401,7401,9001,6131,8311,752 India
3,1003,1003,0003,0003,2002,800 Iran
1,3251,3251,5501,5501,000944 Iraq
2,7002,7003,2312,6752,4122,539 Kazakhstan
2,0002,0006203,4001,6382,723 Morocco
20,50020,50017,54717,08320,02615,389 Russia
6,4006,4004,7507,4004,0007,300 Turkey
8,7008,7009,9008,7519,4507,561 Ukraine
8,9089,0729,6669,4959,1799,459 Others
138,773138,570142,825144,890137,761139,584 Subtotal
3,0903,0904,3534,7503,9534,719 United States
141,863141,660147,178149,640141,714144,303 World Total
none
Total Consumption
1,8501,8502,0502,1502,0502,050 Algeria
3,0003,0003,5003,3003,0002,800 Australia
2,0002,0001,4001,8502,0001,800 Belarus
7,0006,7006,7626,9606,4717,718 Canada
8,9008,9009,8007,90011,6006,300 China
2,0752,0752,0251,9901,9751,925 Ethiopia
53,50053,60055,00051,37550,93753,400 European Union
2,0502,0502,2001,5201,4001,200 India
4,6004,6004,8005,0004,6004,500 Iran
2,2002,2002,2502,0002,0001,900 Kazakhstan
2,4502,4502,2003,3502,6382,300 Morocco
15,70015,40014,70013,70014,10012,700 Russia
9,8259,8259,52510,2258,5258,625 Saudi Arabia
5,9005,9005,6006,9005,3506,950 Turkey
4,3004,4004,9004,3005,5005,100 Ukraine
17,52817,69818,52918,57516,76517,029 Others
143,124142,849144,842143,191138,075136,133 Subtotal
4,2904,2904,3754,4084,2354,775 United States
147,414147,139149,217147,599142,310140,908 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
7177178991,3131,3041,178 Algeria
1,4781,1152,0281,4491,2171,950 Canada
5,1295,2075,6496,0605,8345,621 European Union
9031,2038537411,522880 Russia
2,7292,7294,0444,0593,0743,389 Saudi Arabia
761761361961332899 Turkey
9689681,2631,6091,5652,071 Ukraine
4,8154,8156,9728,0097,8247,200 Others
17,50017,51522,06924,20122,67223,188 Subtotal
1,3341,3342,3162,2231,7111,791 United States
18,83418,84924,38526,42424,38324,979 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
640 North America 779 615 293 500 500
886 South America 1,169 1,157 1,275 1,155 1,115
58 European Union - 28 269 315 447 350 500
158 Other Europe 124 81 121 120 120
348 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 436 265 265
12,537 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,701 11,725 11,725
2,432 North Africa 2,581 3,914 2,948 3,200 3,200
116 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 31 75 135 135
6,320 East Asia 11,080 7,136 9,413 7,710 7,710
11 South Asia 22 133 415 351 351
46 Oceania 32 7 25 25 25
23,552 Total 28,832 28,349 29,149 25,536 25,646
Production none
15,550 North America 11,918 13,711 14,115 11,075 11,725
5,743 South America 3,794 5,924 4,714 4,021 3,842
59,674 European Union - 28 60,609 62,095 59,860 58,963 58,680
1,228 Other Europe 1,241 1,258 1,333 1,286 1,286
29,145 Former Soviet Union - 12 35,637 32,633 34,136 35,858 35,858
12,043 Middle East 8,653 12,558 9,725 11,235 11,235
4,739 North Africa 3,913 5,275 2,203 3,676 3,676
2,349 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,482 2,604 2,535 2,550
1,991 East Asia 2,134 2,158 2,297 2,409 2,409
2,261 South Asia 2,340 2,116 2,432 2,262 2,262
9,580 Oceania 9,052 9,430 13,759 8,340 8,340
144,303 Total 141,714 149,640 147,178 141,660 141,863
Domestic Consumption none
13,243 North America 11,556 12,293 12,087 11,890 12,190
3,528 South America 3,403 3,603 3,474 3,495 3,365
53,400 European Union - 28 50,937 51,375 55,000 53,600 53,500
1,334 Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,404 1,387 1,387
23,460 Former Soviet Union - 12 25,524 24,002 25,511 26,218 26,398
24,410 Middle East 22,186 26,775 24,366 24,136 24,136
6,282 North Africa 7,120 8,203 7,032 7,028 7,028
2,453 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,595 2,633 2,700 2,680
8,009 East Asia 13,162 9,481 11,441 10,486 10,486
1,713 South Asia 1,923 2,053 2,768 2,638 2,638
3,240 Oceania 3,450 3,750 3,900 3,360 3,360
141,072 Total 143,146 145,503 149,616 146,938 147,168
Ending Stocks none
3,974 North America 3,326 4,058 4,759 2,799 3,162
822 South America 742 1,039 602 506 444
5,621 European Union - 28 5,834 6,060 5,649 5,207 5,129
237 Other Europe 160 79 97 70 66
3,670 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,752 2,963 2,812 2,635 2,327
5,781 Middle East 5,508 6,755 5,854 4,477 4,528
2,505 North Africa 2,105 2,838 1,191 1,050 1,039
337 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 339 378 372 383
1,038 East Asia 1,090 904 1,173 805 806
247 South Asia 259 274 374 227 249
747 Oceania 1,173 1,115 1,496 701 701
24,979 Total 24,383 26,424 24,385 18,849 18,834
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
600600457772954953 Argentina
6006005507171,701408 Australia
30303423911 China
202015257575 Ethiopia
5050307412288 India
1001001005010050 Nigeria
150150164120156229 Ukraine
100100248130199219 Others
1,6501,6501,5981,9113,3162,033 Subtotal
6,7005,4506,0907,8719,2695,714 United States
8,3507,1007,6889,78212,5857,747 World Total
none
TY Imports
1501504213498109 Chile
6,3005,0005,2098,28410,1624,161 China
50500640104 Colombia
150150194119131184 European Union
5505505616499031,003 Japan
10010013010511794 Kenya
20020054866129162 Mexico
80801001208661 South Africa
150150501987108 South Sudan
20020010020012075 Sudan
350350463593416652 Others
8,2806,9807,39710,94812,1496,713 Subtotal
20120247-1,2644091,031 Unaccounted
5004498273 United States
8,3507,1007,6889,78212,5857,747 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
3,5003,5003,4003,3753,5004,400 Argentina
1,9001,9001,0171,7912,2091,282 Australia
1,8061,6001,8651,0322,0551,890 Brazil
1,8001,8001,6801,4361,7081,880 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1501,1501,1501,260 Cameroon
1,1001,1001,4601,266922800 Chad
3,8503,8503,8002,7502,8852,892 China
3,7653,7653,6003,9004,3393,829 Ethiopia
4,5004,5004,5704,2385,4455,542 India
1,3001,3001,3941,5271,272820 Mali
4,6004,6004,7005,5876,2708,500 Mexico
1,7001,7001,8081,8771,4261,320 Niger
6,5506,5506,8875,6646,7415,300 Nigeria
4,5004,5005,8642,3886,2814,524 Sudan
800800800820883832 Tanzania
7,3077,3837,0127,4008,1317,491 Others
50,12849,99851,00746,20155,21752,562 Subtotal
9,0339,03312,19915,15810,9889,966 United States
59,16159,03163,20661,35966,20562,528 World Total
none
Total Consumption
2,9002,9003,1002,9002,8002,700 Argentina
1,0051,005605905505905 Australia
1,8001,6501,7001,1502,0002,000 Brazil
1,7601,7601,6401,4651,7001,900 Burkina
1,1501,1501,1801,1751,1751,275 Cameroon
1,1601,1601,4701,270930900 Chad
10,2008,9008,80011,00012,9006,800 China
3,8003,8003,7504,1004,1003,900 Ethiopia
4,5004,5004,5004,6005,1005,200 India
1,3501,3501,3941,5271,200950 Mali
4,8004,8005,3506,3006,6008,300 Mexico
1,8501,8501,9001,8201,4501,300 Niger
6,4506,4506,7875,5646,6915,258 Nigeria
8408407608301,050790 South Sudan
4,8004,8005,8143,1006,0004,600 Sudan
8,5628,6328,1768,8499,4739,028 Others
57,05055,75157,18156,10363,49356,911 Subtotal
2,7944,0646,2106,1872,4594,130 United States
59,84459,81563,39162,29065,95261,041 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
8528528529529711,202 Argentina
19119196234252177 Australia
21113921551194152 Brazil
812812892717706568 China
184184184286338647 Mexico
190190190180130180 Nigeria
196196301226743357 Sudan
1,2571,2881,5321,7232,4281,830 Others
3,8933,8524,2624,3695,7625,113 Subtotal
538487852930468864 United States
4,4314,3395,1145,2996,2305,977 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
165 North America 56 759 592 200 250
240 South America 114 212 48 235 235
184 European Union - 28 131 119 194 150 150
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
233 Middle East 24 34 45 30 30
41 North Africa 1 1 5 0 0
511 Sub-Saharan Africa 662 663 675 695 695
5,281 East Asia 11,142 9,011 5,823 5,605 6,905
46 Southeast Asia 14 16 17 15 15
15 Others 32 231 42 50 50
6,716 Total 12,176 11,046 7,441 6,980 8,330
Production none
18,466 North America 17,258 20,745 16,899 13,633 13,633
327 Central America 326 337 326 335 335
94 Caribbean 92 92 91 91 91
7,468 South America 6,967 5,682 6,179 6,222 6,428
703 European Union - 28 887 674 639 665 659
706 Middle East 821 697 695 695 625
767 North Africa 809 752 755 755 755
23,748 Sub-Saharan Africa 28,122 23,208 27,778 25,953 25,953
2,895 East Asia 2,887 2,752 3,802 3,852 3,852
5,661 South Asia 5,548 4,383 4,700 4,630 4,630
57 Southeast Asia 55 55 50 50 50
1,282 Oceania 2,209 1,791 1,017 1,900 1,900
354 Others 224 191 275 250 250
62,528 Total 66,205 61,359 63,206 59,031 59,161
Domestic Consumption none
12,430 North America 9,059 12,487 11,560 8,864 7,594
317 Central America 321 345 321 335 335
94 Caribbean 92 92 93 91 91
6,062 South America 6,362 5,405 5,829 5,866 6,016
880 European Union - 28 995 800 790 800 800
828 Middle East 976 740 742 730 660
813 North Africa 785 752 755 755 755
24,183 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,751 24,383 28,208 26,813 26,813
7,951 East Asia 13,882 11,733 9,417 9,507 10,807
5,334 South Asia 5,235 4,956 4,646 4,680 4,680
64 Southeast Asia 95 69 70 60 60
905 Oceania 505 905 605 1,005 1,005
75 Others 75 75 100 105 105
59,936 Total 66,133 62,742 63,136 59,611 59,721
Ending Stocks none
1,511 North America 806 1,216 1,036 671 722
21 Central America 26 13 13 8 8
1,548 South America 1,310 1,140 1,122 1,062 1,134
18 European Union - 28 27 16 31 40 35
27 Middle East 39 35 24 19 19
22 North Africa 47 48 53 53 53
1,586 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,302 1,609 1,545 1,236 1,210
627 East Asia 765 772 944 864 864
364 South Asia 587 151 191 141 141
177 Oceania 252 234 96 191 191
76 Others 69 65 59 54 54
5,977 Total 6,230 5,299 5,114 4,339 4,431
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
250250455214264267 Australia
1,8001,8001,5571,6671,7341,732 Canada
305027268449 Chile
200200179220231291 European Union
101012506 Kazakhstan
10101416146 Russia
50501948466 Ukraine
1010681010 Others
2,3602,3802,2692,2042,3832,367 Subtotal
303044362529 United States
2,3902,4102,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
none
TY Imports
252525312412 Algeria
556443 Bosnia and Herzegovina
101018111227 Canada
200200278172162116 China
551122 Colombia
303030382121 Ecuador
553943 European Union
505048504746 Japan
100100119778693 Mexico
5537438 Norway
5511411 Russia
550122 Serbia
305024314619 South Africa
505054414951 Switzerland
555040 Turkey
5596107 Others
535555634483478441 Subtotal
15515514022516289 Unaccounted
1,7001,7001,5391,5321,7681,866 United States
2,3902,4102,3132,2402,4082,396 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
110110110110110110 Algeria
660660785553525445 Argentina
1,1001,0501,8731,3001,1981,255 Australia
500500390492522352 Belarus
682696828351307380 Brazil
3,7003,7003,1953,4282,9793,906 Canada
670670713533421610 Chile
190190185180255235 China
8,0738,0028,0367,5247,8218,380 European Union
270270335244226305 Kazakhstan
909072859391 Mexico
300300330286283224 Norway
4,9004,9004,7504,5275,2674,932 Russia
210210210210210210 Turkey
500500500498610467 Ukraine
328328344320291319 Others
22,28322,17622,65620,64121,11822,221 Subtotal
7177179401,3001,019938 United States
23,00022,89323,59621,94122,13723,159 World Total
none
Total Consumption
135135132141126118 Algeria
690690750550525425 Argentina
1,0501,0501,2001,025950950 Australia
500500400500500375 Belarus
705725775345305375 Brazil
1,9001,9001,8141,6111,6761,660 Canada
660625655485355570 Chile
380380440370400350 China
7,8007,8008,0007,4007,7308,075 European Union
275275274245225275 Kazakhstan
190190195190175185 Mexico
320320315295295245 Norway
4,9004,9004,8004,6005,2004,900 Russia
215215210210215215 Turkey
450450450450600475 Ukraine
510530519482466492 Others
20,81020,81521,13319,05919,74519,905 Subtotal
2,7122,7122,5392,7022,4472,757 United States
23,52223,52723,67221,76122,19222,662 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
606095656567 Argentina
16111136114393105 Australia
7007006909306731,054 Canada
707090622745 Chile
657614579690770894 European Union
142142147199289230 Russia
656565433867 Ukraine
227237277155196165 Others
2,0821,9992,3042,2872,1512,627 Subtotal
431431731824780359 United States
2,5132,4303,0353,1112,9312,986 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
1,986 North America 1,866 1,620 1,676 1,810 1,810
29 South America 30 45 36 40 40
3 European Union - 28 4 9 3 5 5
94 Other Europe 62 53 63 65 65
2 Former Soviet Union - 12 1 4 11 5 5
0 Middle East 4 0 5 5 5
12 North Africa 24 31 29 25 25
19 Sub-Saharan Africa 46 31 24 50 30
162 East Asia 209 222 326 250 250
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,307 Total 2,246 2,015 2,173 2,255 2,235
Production none
4,935 North America 4,091 4,813 4,207 4,507 4,507
1,478 South America 1,281 1,478 2,372 2,069 2,055
8,380 European Union - 28 7,821 7,524 8,036 8,002 8,073
359 Other Europe 411 418 464 423 423
6,062 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,631 5,767 5,981 6,176 6,176
210 Middle East 210 210 210 210 210
156 North Africa 147 166 175 175 175
59 Sub-Saharan Africa 55 55 55 55 55
237 East Asia 257 181 186 191 191
1,283 Oceania 1,233 1,329 1,910 1,085 1,135
23,159 Total 22,137 21,941 23,596 22,893 23,000
Domestic Consumption none
4,602 North America 4,298 4,503 4,548 4,802 4,802
1,447 South America 1,245 1,445 2,263 2,123 2,138
8,075 European Union - 28 7,730 7,400 8,000 7,800 7,800
435 Other Europe 479 484 506 506 506
6,031 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,531 5,801 5,930 6,131 6,131
215 Middle East 215 210 210 215 215
164 North Africa 163 197 201 200 200
95 Sub-Saharan Africa 94 87 85 105 85
400 East Asia 450 420 490 430 430
978 Oceania 985 1,054 1,235 1,085 1,085
22,442 Total 22,190 21,601 23,468 23,397 23,392
Ending Stocks none
1,417 North America 1,459 1,758 1,425 1,135 1,135
129 South America 102 141 247 174 164
894 European Union - 28 770 690 579 614 657
52 Other Europe 46 35 53 35 35
346 Former Soviet Union - 12 397 298 306 286 286
8 Middle East 6 6 6 6 6
1 North Africa 1 1 1 1 1
11 Sub-Saharan Africa 18 17 11 11 11
23 East Asia 39 22 44 55 55
105 Oceania 93 143 363 113 163
2,986 Total 2,931 3,111 3,035 2,430 2,513
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
TY Exports
202082400 Belarus
1501501321128997 Canada
100100139160167201 European Union
5050292312183 Russia
101014211359 Ukraine
000011 Others
330330322340391441 Subtotal
554636 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
none
TY Imports
505016509696 European Union
15254121833 Israel
202024162237 Japan
554548 Korea, South
101042621 Norway
554555 Russia
552366 Switzerland
0031661 Others
11012061109163207 Subtotal
25159320-3136 Unaccounted
200200172217262204 United States
335335326346394447 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18
Nov
2017/18
Dec
none
Production
828279619752 Argentina
800800651753867648 Belarus
320320415226218223 Canada
7,5177,5807,4937,8338,86410,151 European Union
2,5002,5002,5382,0843,2793,360 Russia
350350350350300365 Turkey
450450390394475638 Ukraine
155153145178176130 Others
12,17412,23512,06111,87914,27615,567 Subtotal
246246342295183194 United States
12,42012,48112,40312,17414,45915,761 World Total
none
Total Consumption
828279619752 Argentina
262625221919 Australia
800800700800850700 Belarus
160160169119134107 Canada
7,6007,6007,7008,0258,6009,650 European Union
353533376540 Kazakhstan
525223674635 Norway
2,4002,4002,4002,1503,2503,100 Russia
350350350350325350 Turkey
460460380420475625 Ukraine
1031119490108142 Others
12,09012,08811,97412,16313,97414,815 Subtotal
447447499515406424 United States
12,53712,53512,47312,67814,38015,239 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
30305099166149 Belarus
165182155514244 Canada
6847458171,0841,3861,204 European Union
7712448 Kazakhstan
341341286155264344 Russia
141414141433 Turkey
53537375106128 Ukraine
001234 Others
1,2941,3721,4081,4841,9851,914 Subtotal
15151812157 United States
1,3091,3871,4261,4962,0001,921 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17
Nov
2017/18
Dec
2017/18
TY Imports none
204 North America 262 217 172 200 200
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
96 European Union - 28 96 50 16 50 50
28 Other Europe 12 5 6 15 15
5 Former Soviet Union - 12 5 21 7 5 5
33 Middle East 24 12 4 25 15
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
45 East Asia 26 21 28 25 25
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
411 Total 425 326 233 320 310
Production none
417 North America 401 521 757 566 566
59 South America 106 69 91 92 94
10,151 European Union - 28 8,864 7,833 7,493 7,580 7,517
57 Other Europe 83 108 64 84 84
4,689 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,682 3,268 3,620 3,780 3,780
365 Middle East 300 350 350 350 350
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
20 Oceania 20 22 25 26 26
15,761 Total 14,459 12,174 12,403 12,481 12,420
Domestic Consumption none
531 North America 540 634 668 607 607
59 South America 106 69 91 92 94
9,650 European Union - 28 8,600 8,025 7,700 7,600 7,600
86 Other Europe 97 112 69 99 99
4,465 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,640 3,407 3,513 3,695 3,695
383 Middle East 343 362 354 375 365
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
48 East Asia 27 22 29 26 26
19 Oceania 19 22 25 26 26
15,244 Total 14,375 12,656 12,452 12,523 12,515
Ending Stocks none
51 North America 57 63 173 197 180
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
1,204 European Union - 28 1,386 1,084 817 745 684
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
629 Former Soviet Union - 12 540 333 421 431 431
33 Middle East 14 14 14 14 14
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
4 East Asia 3 2 1 0 0
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,921 Total 2,000 1,496 1,426 1,387 1,309
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are
reported using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
38
HISTORICAL DATA SERIES FOR
SELECTED REGIONS AND
COUNTRIES
CONTENTS
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand ............................................... 39
China: Grain Supply and Demand ................................................................ 40
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand .................................................... 41
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand ........................................ 42
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 46
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................... 48
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................ 50
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ............................ 51
U.S. Grains: Supply and Distribution……………………………. .... ……..52
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ................................. 53
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ............................... 54
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand .............................................. 55
World Rice: Supply and Demand ................................................................. 56
DG F/SA &F
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
125.7 126.260.213.95.25.124.7 2006/07 14.8
120.8 117.252.412.46.84.924.9 2007/08 12.8
151.9 127.660.525.47.75.726.8 2008/09 19.4
139.7 125.657.522.35.45.426.0 2009/10 16.6
136.7 122.852.523.14.65.326.0 2010/11 11.9
138.2 127.257.516.77.45.325.8 2011/12 13.5
133.9 119.351.022.85.35.226.0 2012/13 10.7
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
152.5 128.857.028.56.05.826.5 2017/18 12.0
Coarse Grains
140.3 150.9112.94.58.14.332.4 2006/07 15.7
138.8 157.2121.64.520.34.232.7 2007/08 13.1
165.2 154.5116.15.73.14.834.1 2008/09 21.3
158.0 152.8114.83.02.94.833.0 2009/10 26.3
143.2 155.0116.96.28.54.730.2 2010/11 16.9
150.1 151.7113.26.57.05.030.2 2011/12 15.7
146.2 153.3113.77.411.84.631.4 2012/13 13.1
159.2 164.4122.48.616.35.131.5 2013/14 15.6
170.7 162.6121.614.09.25.530.8 2014/15 18.9
152.7 157.3117.113.114.35.130.2 2015/16 15.5
152.6 160.7120.18.115.85.229.4 2016/17 15.1
150.8 160.1119.58.516.75.129.5 2017/18 14.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
265.9 277.1173.118.513.24.757.1 2006/07 30.5
259.6 274.3174.116.927.14.557.5 2007/08 25.9
317.2 282.1176.631.110.85.260.9 2008/09 40.7
297.7 278.4172.325.38.25.059.0 2009/10 42.9
279.9 277.8169.429.313.15.056.3 2010/11 28.8
288.3 278.9170.723.314.35.156.1 2011/12 29.3
280.1 272.6164.730.217.14.957.4 2012/13 23.8
303.8 281.7171.440.720.35.357.4 2013/14 25.5
327.6 287.3176.649.415.25.757.5 2014/15 31.6
313.1 287.1176.147.821.25.557.0 2015/16 31.0
297.8 288.7176.135.421.15.356.7 2016/17 25.9
303.3 288.9176.537.022.75.456.0 2017/18 26.0
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
China: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
108.5 102.04.02.80.44.623.6 2006/07 38.6
109.3 106.08.02.80.04.623.7 2007/08 39.1
112.5 105.58.00.70.54.823.6 2008/09 45.8
115.1 107.010.00.91.44.724.3 2009/10 54.4
115.2 110.513.00.90.94.724.3 2010/11 59.1
117.4 122.524.01.02.94.824.3 2011/12 55.9
121.0 125.025.01.03.05.024.3 2012/13 54.0
121.9 116.516.00.96.85.124.1 2013/14 65.3
126.2 116.516.00.81.95.224.1 2014/15 76.1
130.2 112.010.50.73.55.424.1 2015/16 97.0
128.9 118.516.50.74.45.324.2 2016/17 111.1
130.0 116.013.00.83.55.424.2 2017/18 127.8
Coarse Grains
158.8 153.2104.75.51.25.131.1 2006/07 38.0
158.8 157.6106.40.91.25.031.8 2007/08 39.5
172.1 160.9108.80.21.75.332.2 2008/09 52.1
169.4 172.9118.80.23.85.133.4 2009/10 52.2
183.5 188.1128.40.22.75.334.6 2010/11 50.1
198.3 195.9131.70.17.95.635.5 2011/12 60.3
211.8 209.3145.70.15.65.737.1 2012/13 68.3
225.1 223.2157.40.012.45.938.3 2013/14 82.5
222.4 228.7158.40.025.75.739.2 2014/15 101.9
231.4 238.7166.40.017.55.840.2 2015/16 112.1
227.4 252.9174.30.116.15.839.0 2016/17 102.5
223.9 261.4178.90.116.05.937.7 2017/18 81.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
267.2 255.2108.78.21.54.954.7 2006/07 76.5
268.1 263.6114.43.71.24.855.5 2007/08 78.5
284.6 266.4116.80.92.15.155.8 2008/09 97.9
284.5 279.9128.81.15.24.957.6 2009/10 106.6
298.6 298.6141.41.13.65.158.9 2010/11 109.2
315.7 318.4155.71.110.95.359.8 2011/12 116.2
332.9 334.3170.71.18.65.461.3 2012/13 122.2
347.0 339.7173.40.919.25.662.4 2013/14 147.8
348.6 345.2174.40.827.65.563.2 2014/15 178.0
361.6 350.7176.90.821.05.664.3 2015/16 209.1
356.3 371.4190.80.920.55.663.2 2016/17 213.5
353.9 377.4191.90.919.55.761.9 2017/18 208.7
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
3.5 4.60.70.31.53.71.0 2006/07 1.2
3.7 4.81.00.51.93.81.0 2007/08 1.5
4.0 5.11.20.41.74.40.9 2008/09 1.7
3.8 4.91.00.51.73.91.0 2009/10 1.7
3.2 4.70.80.61.73.70.9 2010/11 1.3
3.6 4.91.00.51.94.20.9 2011/12 1.4
3.4 4.71.00.71.64.00.9 2012/13 1.1
4.2 4.91.21.31.94.60.9 2013/14 1.0
4.1 4.91.20.71.84.11.0 2014/15 1.3
4.4 4.91.21.01.84.70.9 2015/16 1.6
4.7 5.01.31.32.04.81.0 2016/17 2.0
4.2 5.01.31.31.94.60.9 2017/18 1.8
Coarse Grains
9.8 9.68.50.90.84.92.0 2006/07 1.3
6.9 7.96.80.10.93.42.0 2007/08 1.1
9.7 8.77.61.50.64.62.1 2008/09 1.1
9.7 8.77.51.40.74.92.0 2009/10 1.4
10.0 8.77.32.00.75.02.0 2010/11 1.4
9.5 8.47.02.30.84.62.0 2011/12 1.0
6.6 7.15.90.60.83.22.1 2012/13 0.6
9.0 7.86.41.90.94.52.0 2013/14 0.8
10.9 8.37.03.10.86.01.8 2014/15 1.1
9.3 8.77.31.60.85.11.8 2015/16 0.9
11.3 8.97.62.40.76.31.8 2016/17 1.6
7.3 8.06.70.80.94.11.8 2017/18 1.0
Wheat and Coarse Grains
13.3 14.29.21.22.34.53.0 2006/07 2.6
10.6 12.67.80.62.73.53.0 2007/08 2.6
13.7 13.88.81.92.34.63.0 2008/09 2.9
13.5 13.78.51.92.44.53.0 2009/10 3.2
13.2 13.48.12.62.44.62.9 2010/11 2.7
13.1 13.38.12.82.74.52.9 2011/12 2.4
10.0 11.87.01.32.43.42.9 2012/13 1.7
13.2 12.77.63.12.74.52.9 2013/14 1.8
15.0 13.28.13.72.55.32.8 2014/15 2.4
13.6 13.68.52.52.65.02.7 2015/16 2.5
16.1 14.08.83.72.75.82.8 2016/17 3.6
11.6 13.17.92.02.74.32.7 2017/18 2.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
Imports Exports Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
115.0 80.028.439.78.02.349.7 2011/12 26.6
77.8 71.721.625.47.31.844.1 2012/13 14.5
103.8 72.822.737.37.52.247.7 2013/14 15.8
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
139.3 83.031.559.08.02.850.2 2017/18 26.3
Coarse Grains
78.6 53.938.024.61.12.927.0 2011/12 6.3
68.3 49.634.919.80.82.527.5 2012/13 6.0
87.9 56.440.730.90.83.029.4 2013/14 7.4
91.8 58.342.233.90.83.030.3 2014/15 7.9
82.6 53.438.331.30.52.928.0 2015/16 6.2
92.2 55.940.536.60.83.327.9 2016/17 6.7
89.8 55.540.436.30.73.227.9 2017/18 5.5
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Wheat)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.0 6.92.17.50.11.211.8 2017/18 3.0
Russia
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
83.0 44.020.533.50.53.127.1 2017/18 16.8
Ukraine
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.26.5 2016/17 1.8
26.5 9.83.417.00.04.06.6 2017/18 1.5
Uzbekistan
7.2 8.92.20.22.25.11.4 2014/15 2.2
7.2 9.42.30.22.75.11.4 2015/16 2.5
7.2 9.72.40.22.75.11.4 2016/17 2.5
7.2 9.92.50.22.85.11.4 2017/18 2.4
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
8.4 12.33.30.44.52.53.3 2014/15 3.2
8.7 12.33.30.73.82.73.2 2015/16 2.7
9.0 12.22.90.94.02.73.4 2016/17 2.6
8.6 12.43.00.84.62.63.3 2017/18 2.6
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
112.4 75.024.540.27.72.446.6 2014/15 20.7
118.0 77.826.751.57.42.448.9 2015/16 16.8
130.5 79.128.054.47.42.650.6 2016/17 21.1
139.3 83.031.559.08.02.850.2 2017/18 26.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Barley)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
2.4 2.01.70.50.01.31.9 2014/15 0.3
2.7 2.01.70.80.01.32.0 2015/16 0.1
3.2 2.32.00.80.01.71.9 2016/17 0.3
2.7 2.21.90.60.01.32.1 2017/18 0.3
Russia
20.0 14.19.25.30.12.38.8 2014/15 1.5
17.1 13.79.04.20.12.18.0 2015/16 0.7
17.5 14.79.92.90.22.28.0 2016/17 0.9
20.5 15.710.94.80.12.67.9 2017/18 0.9
Ukraine
9.5 5.54.04.50.03.03.2 2014/15 1.6
8.8 4.32.84.40.02.93.0 2015/16 1.6
9.9 4.93.55.40.03.23.1 2016/17 1.3
8.7 4.33.04.70.03.32.7 2017/18 1.0
Uzbekistan
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2014/15 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2015/16 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.13.20.1 2016/17 0.0
0.2 0.30.30.00.13.20.1 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.5 3.62.80.10.22.61.3 2014/15 0.4
3.9 3.72.90.10.02.91.3 2015/16 0.5
3.2 3.42.50.10.12.61.3 2016/17 0.3
3.7 3.93.10.10.22.81.3 2017/18 0.2
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
35.6 25.517.910.40.32.315.3 2014/15 3.8
32.6 24.016.69.60.12.314.5 2015/16 3.0
34.1 25.518.19.20.42.414.2 2016/17 2.8
35.9 26.419.110.20.32.614.0 2017/18 2.3
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Corn)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
0.7 0.60.50.00.05.30.1 2014/15 0.1
0.7 0.70.60.00.05.30.1 2015/16 0.2
0.8 0.70.60.00.05.60.1 2016/17 0.2
0.8 0.80.70.10.05.60.1 2017/18 0.1
Russia
11.3 8.17.23.20.04.42.6 2014/15 0.7
13.2 8.77.84.70.04.92.7 2015/16 0.6
15.3 9.68.75.60.15.52.8 2016/17 0.7
14.0 9.28.35.00.15.02.8 2017/18 0.6
Ukraine
28.5 8.67.219.70.06.24.6 2014/15 1.5
23.3 6.95.516.60.05.74.1 2015/16 1.4
28.0 6.55.121.30.06.64.3 2016/17 1.6
25.0 5.13.820.50.05.64.5 2017/18 1.0
Uzbekistan
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2014/15 0.0
0.1 0.20.10.00.03.40.0 2015/16 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2016/17 0.0
0.1 0.10.10.00.03.40.0 2017/18 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.4 3.43.10.30.43.70.9 2014/15 0.8
2.5 2.92.60.20.32.90.9 2015/16 0.5
3.1 3.02.70.20.23.60.9 2016/17 0.6
3.4 3.43.10.20.33.70.9 2017/18 0.7
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
44.0 20.818.123.20.55.38.3 2014/15 3.2
39.9 19.316.621.50.45.17.8 2015/16 2.6
47.3 20.017.227.20.35.98.1 2016/17 3.1
43.3 18.716.025.80.45.28.4 2017/18 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Wheat Competitors
Argentina
10.5 6.10.12.30.03.03.5 2013/14 2.5
13.9 6.40.35.30.02.85.0 2014/15 4.8
11.3 5.70.29.60.02.93.9 2015/16 0.8
18.4 5.30.113.60.03.35.6 2016/17 0.3
17.5 5.60.111.70.03.15.6 2017/18 0.5
Australia
25.3 7.03.618.60.22.012.6 2013/14 4.6
23.7 7.23.816.60.21.912.4 2014/15 4.7
22.3 7.13.716.10.22.011.3 2015/16 3.9
33.5 7.84.322.60.12.712.4 2016/17 7.1
21.5 7.03.517.50.21.712.5 2017/18 4.3
Canada
37.5 9.44.223.30.43.610.4 2013/14 10.4
29.4 9.14.024.20.53.19.5 2014/15 7.1
27.6 7.92.822.10.52.99.6 2015/16 5.2
31.7 10.45.420.20.53.68.9 2016/17 6.8
30.0 8.73.522.00.53.39.0 2017/18 6.6
European Union
144.6 117.349.032.04.05.625.9 2013/14 9.9
156.9 124.755.035.56.05.926.7 2014/15 12.7
160.5 129.959.034.76.96.026.8 2015/16 15.6
145.2 128.056.027.35.35.327.3 2016/17 10.8
152.5 128.857.028.56.05.826.5 2017/18 12.0
Kazakhstan
13.9 6.82.08.10.01.113.0 2013/14 2.0
13.0 6.82.05.50.61.111.9 2014/15 3.3
13.7 6.92.17.60.11.211.6 2015/16 2.6
15.0 6.92.17.40.11.212.4 2016/17 3.4
14.0 6.92.17.50.11.211.8 2017/18 3.0
Russia
52.1 34.112.518.60.92.223.4 2013/14 5.2
59.1 35.513.022.80.32.523.6 2014/15 6.3
61.0 37.014.025.50.82.425.6 2015/16 5.6
72.5 40.017.027.80.52.727.0 2016/17 10.8
83.0 44.020.533.50.53.127.1 2017/18 16.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Ukraine
22.3 11.53.49.80.13.46.6 2013/14 3.7
24.8 11.54.011.30.03.96.3 2014/15 5.7
27.3 12.25.117.40.03.87.1 2015/16 3.3
26.8 10.33.618.10.04.26.5 2016/17 1.8
26.5 9.83.417.00.04.06.6 2017/18 1.5
Total Wheat Competitors
306.2 192.174.8112.65.53.295.4 2013/14 38.3
320.8 201.182.1121.17.73.495.4 2014/15 44.5
323.7 206.786.9133.18.53.495.9 2015/16 37.0
343.2 208.788.5137.06.63.499.9 2016/17 41.0
345.0 210.890.1137.77.23.599.1 2017/18 44.8
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
25.0 6.95.016.50.08.33.0 2009/10 2.5
25.2 7.35.316.30.06.73.8 2010/11 4.0
21.0 7.04.817.10.05.83.6 2011/12 0.9
27.0 7.95.318.70.06.84.0 2012/13 1.3
26.0 8.85.817.10.07.63.4 2013/14 1.4
29.8 9.36.019.00.08.53.5 2014/15 2.9
29.5 9.36.021.60.08.03.7 2015/16 1.5
41.0 11.27.525.50.08.44.9 2016/17 5.8
42.0 12.58.529.00.08.15.2 2017/18 6.3
Brazil
56.1 48.541.511.60.44.312.9 2009/10 6.5
57.4 50.043.08.40.84.213.8 2010/11 6.3
73.0 51.544.024.30.84.815.2 2011/12 4.2
81.5 52.544.524.90.95.215.8 2012/13 9.2
80.0 55.046.021.00.85.115.8 2013/14 14.0
85.0 57.048.034.50.35.415.8 2014/15 7.8
67.0 57.549.014.03.44.216.0 2015/16 6.8
98.5 60.551.036.00.85.617.6 2016/17 9.6
95.0 61.552.034.00.35.417.7 2017/18 9.4
China
164.0 165.0118.00.21.35.331.2 2009/10 51.3
177.2 180.0128.00.11.05.532.5 2010/11 49.4
192.8 188.0131.00.15.25.733.5 2011/12 59.3
205.6 200.0144.00.12.75.935.0 2012/13 67.6
218.5 208.0150.00.03.36.036.3 2013/14 81.3
215.6 202.0140.00.05.55.837.1 2014/15 100.5
224.6 217.5153.50.03.25.938.1 2015/16 110.8
219.6 232.0162.00.12.56.036.8 2016/17 100.7
215.9 240.0166.00.13.06.135.4 2017/18 79.6
South Africa
13.4 10.64.92.10.04.13.3 2009/10 2.8
10.9 10.75.02.40.43.82.9 2010/11 1.0
12.8 10.75.01.80.04.13.1 2011/12 1.3
12.4 11.05.12.10.13.83.2 2012/13 0.7
14.9 11.55.52.00.14.93.1 2013/14 2.2
10.6 11.76.20.72.03.53.0 2014/15 2.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
8.2 11.05.70.82.23.72.2 2015/16 1.1
17.5 13.17.12.50.15.83.0 2016/17 3.0
12.5 11.75.81.70.14.32.9 2017/18 2.2
Total Corn Competitors
258.5 231.0169.430.31.75.150.4 2009/10 63.1
270.8 248.0181.327.32.25.152.9 2010/11 60.8
299.5 257.2184.843.46.05.455.5 2011/12 65.7
326.5 271.4198.945.83.75.658.1 2012/13 78.7
339.4 283.3207.340.04.15.858.6 2013/14 98.9
341.0 280.0200.254.17.85.759.4 2014/15 113.7
329.3 295.3214.236.58.85.560.0 2015/16 120.1
376.5 316.8227.664.13.36.062.3 2016/17 119.0
365.4 325.7232.364.83.46.061.2 2017/18 97.4
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Australia
7.9 4.53.33.90.01.84.4 2009/10 1.9
8.0 4.23.04.70.02.23.7 2010/11 1.0
8.2 3.32.15.40.02.23.7 2011/12 0.5
7.5 3.01.84.50.02.13.6 2012/13 0.5
9.2 2.81.56.20.02.43.8 2013/14 0.7
8.6 3.01.75.20.02.14.1 2014/15 1.1
9.0 3.32.05.70.02.24.1 2015/16 1.1
13.4 3.52.29.50.03.34.0 2016/17 1.5
8.0 3.01.75.80.02.13.9 2017/18 0.7
Canada
9.5 8.77.51.30.03.32.9 2009/10 2.5
7.6 7.56.31.20.03.22.4 2010/11 1.5
7.9 6.95.71.30.03.32.4 2011/12 1.2
8.0 6.85.71.40.02.92.8 2012/13 1.0
10.2 7.76.51.60.03.92.7 2013/14 2.0
7.1 6.55.31.50.13.32.1 2014/15 1.2
8.2 7.05.81.20.23.52.4 2015/16 1.4
8.8 6.85.51.50.14.02.2 2016/17 2.0
7.9 7.05.81.50.13.82.1 2017/18 1.5
European Union
62.4 56.841.71.10.14.514.0 2009/10 15.6
53.7 56.641.34.90.24.312.5 2010/11 7.9
51.9 51.235.83.00.54.311.9 2011/12 6.1
54.9 51.035.55.00.14.412.5 2012/13 5.0
59.7 53.438.05.70.04.812.4 2013/14 5.6
60.6 50.935.79.50.14.912.4 2014/15 5.8
62.1 51.436.510.80.35.112.2 2015/16 6.1
59.9 55.040.15.70.44.912.3 2016/17 5.6
58.7 53.538.66.20.54.812.3 2017/18 5.1
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY
Exports
MY
Imports
Productio
n
YieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
3.6 1.91.71.80.04.80.8 2009/10 0.2
4.4 1.91.71.70.04.41.0 2010/11 0.9
4.2 1.91.73.10.04.21.0 2011/12 0.2
4.7 2.32.01.80.04.51.1 2012/13 0.8
4.4 2.72.31.30.04.41.0 2013/14 1.2
3.5 2.82.40.90.04.50.8 2014/15 1.0
3.4 2.92.50.50.04.50.8 2015/16 1.0
3.4 3.12.70.40.04.90.7 2016/17 0.9
3.5 2.92.50.60.04.60.8 2017/18 0.9
Australia
1.5 1.21.20.30.03.00.5 2009/10 0.7
1.9 1.41.40.90.03.10.6 2010/11 0.4
2.2 1.11.11.30.03.40.7 2011/12 0.2
2.2 1.11.11.20.03.40.6 2012/13 0.2
1.3 0.90.90.40.02.40.5 2013/14 0.2
2.2 0.50.51.60.03.00.7 2014/15 0.3
1.8 0.90.90.90.03.40.5 2015/16 0.2
1.0 0.60.40.60.02.60.4 2016/17 0.1
1.9 1.00.80.80.03.00.6 2017/18 0.2
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
U.S. Grains Supply and Distribution: Wheat, Corn, Sorghum, Barley, Oats, Rye, and Rice
Thousand Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Production
Production Imports TY Imports Exports TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumption
Domestic
Consumption
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
26,55231,9424,06521,81121,1683,0543,06856,117nr319,149 2015/16
32,13331,7514,25729,48828,7163,2973,21562,833nr417,746 2016/17
26,13430,9173,26626,00026,5354,1004,08247,371nr315,211 2017/18
Corn
44,123298,785129,90951,15648,2881,7821,716345,506nr1132,680 2015/16
58,295313,812138,77555,53558,2421,4501,448384,778nr1135,106 2016/17
61,915319,039141,61248,50048,8971,3001,270370,286nr1133,637 2017/18
Sorghum
9306,1872,7077,8718,6269811715,158nr53,177 2015/16
8526,2103,2896,0906,111444412,199nr52,494 2016/17
5382,7941,5246,7006,60450519,033nr42,043 2017/18
Barley
2,2234,4089661612353524054,750nr41,278 2015/16
2,3164,375847125952172104,353nr41,038 2016/17
1,3344,2907621301093503273,090nr4791 2017/18
Oats
8242,7021,59136291,5321,4751,300nr3516 2015/16
7312,5391,43444501,5391,556940nr2397 2016/17
4312,7121,57930291,7001,724717nr2324 2017/18
Rye
1251519565217222295nr2148 2015/16
1849915944172167342nr2168 2016/17
154479856200204246nr2116 2017/18
Rice, Milled
1,4753,580nr3,3733,3967687666,1338,76181,046 2015/16
1,4624,171nr3,4003,7047607457,11710,16781,253 2016/17
9823,652nr3,4003,2707607785,6648,0918968 2017/18
Notes: Wheat Trade Year (TY) statistics are on July/June years. Barley, corn, sorghum, rye and oats Trade Year (TY)
statistics are on Oct/Sept years. Rice Trade Year (TY) statistics are for the subsequent calendar year; 'Imports' and
'Exports' columns contain data on the local marketing year: wheat, barley, oats and rye are June/May; corn and
sorghum are Sept/Aug; rice is Aug/July.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat and Coarse Grains
1,218.0 338.81,301.7619.4203.32.2541.8 1988/89
1,327.1 320.01,345.9644.3208.92.4548.0 1989/90
1,417.5 368.01,369.5669.8190.12.6545.5 1990/91
1,355.5 357.61,365.9653.4207.52.5543.2 1991/92
1,431.7 398.11,388.4664.2205.22.6545.8 1992/93
1,356.4 365.41,389.1657.1188.22.5535.9 1993/94
1,393.0 362.41,395.9670.6200.12.6534.1 1994/95
1,338.9 319.51,381.8641.8187.52.5527.2 1995/96
1,490.2 367.91,441.9674.8198.32.7545.7 1996/97
1,490.8 415.11,443.5685.8190.42.8535.1 1997/98
1,481.4 447.81,448.6685.4198.72.8520.3 1998/99
1,465.5 442.91,469.9690.3214.02.9506.1 1999/00
1,446.2 418.11,470.9699.1204.82.8509.1 2000/01
1,479.8 402.51,495.4713.4208.32.9511.5 2001/02
1,444.9 341.41,506.0711.4209.22.9504.1 2002/03
1,473.3 279.01,535.7718.0205.82.9511.1 2003/04
1,642.7 335.61,586.1756.2214.43.2514.7 2004/05
1,598.4 318.01,616.1757.9222.53.1520.4 2005/06
1,585.1 272.61,630.5749.5229.93.1518.2 2006/07
1,694.9 289.11,678.4764.2244.73.2535.0 2007/08
1,795.6 360.11,724.6773.9253.53.3539.0 2008/09
1,802.5 396.11,766.5783.9254.13.4531.7 2009/10
1,748.6 359.31,785.3775.4249.83.3522.4 2010/11
1,854.3 360.71,852.9809.3287.03.5536.4 2011/12
1,793.8 342.21,812.3808.6279.63.4532.5 2012/13
1,998.4 406.41,934.2864.6327.83.7545.5 2013/14
2,040.5 464.91,982.0887.1335.83.7547.4 2014/15
1,995.5 493.81,966.5903.7356.83.7546.5 2015/16
2,119.9 517.72,096.0947.6363.93.9546.0 2016/17
2,079.1 500.72,096.2959.8372.13.8541.4 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
537.5 155.8545.696.999.22.5216.7 1995/96
581.3 164.4572.7101.4104.02.6227.1 1996/97
610.2 197.9576.7106.2104.52.7226.4 1997/98
590.5 209.3579.1109.4102.02.7219.2 1998/99
587.5 209.1587.7104.6111.92.8212.6 1999/00
582.8 206.1585.8109.8102.02.7215.3 2000/01
583.9 203.3586.6111.9107.92.7214.2 2001/02
569.7 169.1603.9116.1106.52.7213.4 2002/03
555.7 135.9588.9101.7103.52.7207.9 2003/04
626.7 156.4606.2110.7113.22.9215.7 2004/05
618.8 153.3622.0117.7114.12.8217.5 2005/06
596.7 133.5616.5113.1115.32.8212.3 2006/07
611.9 128.2617.2105.0116.02.8216.9 2007/08
684.0 169.2643.0123.9143.23.1224.1 2008/09
687.4 203.6652.9122.2135.33.0225.6 2009/10
649.6 199.0654.2116.6134.03.0216.9 2010/11
697.3 198.9697.5148.6153.63.2221.0 2011/12
658.7 177.7680.0138.3147.23.1215.9 2012/13
715.1 194.8698.0126.7162.53.3219.7 2013/14
728.2 217.8705.2131.7161.93.3221.5 2014/15
735.3 241.4711.6136.5172.03.3223.7 2015/16
753.6 255.3739.7147.5182.33.4222.3 2016/17
755.2 268.4742.1142.7183.83.4219.7 2017/18
Coarse Grains
801.4 163.7836.2544.988.32.6310.5 1995/96
909.0 203.5869.2573.494.32.9318.6 1996/97
880.6 217.2866.9579.685.82.9308.8 1997/98
890.9 238.5869.5575.996.73.0301.2 1998/99
878.0 233.8882.2585.7102.13.0293.4 1999/00
863.4 212.1885.1589.2102.82.9293.7 2000/01
895.9 199.2908.8601.4100.43.0297.3 2001/02
875.2 172.3902.2595.2102.73.0290.7 2002/03
917.7 143.1946.8616.3102.33.0303.2 2003/04
1,016.0 179.2979.8645.5101.23.4299.0 2004/05
979.6 164.7994.1640.2108.43.2302.9 2005/06
988.4 139.11,014.0636.4114.53.2305.9 2006/07
1,083.0 160.91,061.2659.2128.73.4318.1 2007/08
1,111.6 190.81,081.6650.1110.43.5314.9 2008/09
1,115.1 192.51,113.5661.8118.83.6306.1 2009/10
1,099.0 160.31,131.1658.8115.83.6305.5 2010/11
1,156.9 161.81,155.4660.7133.33.7315.4 2011/12
1,135.1 164.51,132.4670.3132.43.6316.6 2012/13
1,283.3 211.61,236.2738.0165.33.9325.8 2013/14
1,312.3 247.11,276.8755.4173.94.0325.8 2014/15
1,260.2 252.41,254.9767.2184.83.9322.9 2015/16
1,366.3 262.41,356.3800.1181.64.2323.7 2016/17
1,323.9 232.21,354.1817.1188.34.1321.7 2017/18
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to
the present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Productio
n
TY
Exports
Feed
Dom.
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Corn
516.7 133.3536.8365.264.83.8135.0 1995/96
592.9 166.3559.9387.866.64.2141.5 1996/97
574.2 167.2573.3400.663.14.2136.2 1997/98
605.8 191.4581.7404.368.74.4138.9 1998/99
608.1 194.4605.0422.472.04.4138.8 1999/00
591.5 175.1610.8427.375.94.3137.0 2000/01
601.8 151.4625.5436.372.74.4137.1 2001/02
604.1 126.9628.6433.376.84.4137.7 2002/03
627.8 104.7650.0445.879.04.4141.6 2003/04
716.9 131.1690.6476.076.04.9145.3 2004/05
700.2 123.4707.8479.682.54.8145.1 2005/06
715.6 108.8730.2480.091.34.8149.6 2006/07
795.7 127.7776.8500.998.25.0160.2 2007/08
800.2 143.2784.7482.883.65.1158.0 2008/09
824.8 140.9827.2493.892.75.3157.0 2009/10
836.3 122.6854.6506.191.75.1164.0 2010/11
891.5 128.2885.8509.8103.75.2172.7 2011/12
874.3 132.9869.5521.3100.74.9179.6 2012/13
996.2 174.3954.8574.9130.85.4182.8 2013/14
1,023.4 209.7987.9587.3128.45.6182.2 2014/15
973.5 214.9968.3601.9144.95.4181.0 2015/16
1,075.6 227.31,063.1632.4141.65.8185.6 2016/17
1,044.8 204.11,068.0652.4151.45.6185.0 2017/18
Barley
141.2 20.5150.7107.813.42.166.4 1995/96
153.1 24.1149.5106.317.92.464.2 1996/97
153.9 32.2145.8104.112.82.463.8 1997/98
136.0 29.0139.299.517.82.456.7 1998/99
127.4 23.9132.594.017.82.452.1 1999/00
133.0 22.6134.394.616.32.553.0 2000/01
143.5 29.2136.995.517.22.655.7 2001/02
134.2 27.6135.894.716.32.554.7 2002/03
142.9 23.5147.0103.314.82.458.4 2003/04
152.3 33.1142.7100.217.02.757.4 2004/05
136.2 28.3141.097.417.42.555.2 2005/06
136.7 21.5143.598.414.62.456.3 2006/07
132.7 20.5133.691.018.52.455.7 2007/08
154.9 32.3143.199.718.22.855.0 2008/09
150.9 37.2146.1102.317.32.854.1 2009/10
123.0 24.3135.891.015.22.647.1 2010/11
133.4 22.5135.392.121.42.749.2 2011/12
129.0 21.6129.987.622.22.650.2 2012/13
144.3 25.0140.997.323.92.950.6 2013/14
141.7 24.4142.398.130.12.949.7 2014/15
149.6 26.4147.6100.727.63.050.3 2015/16
147.2 24.4149.2104.729.63.148.1 2016/17
141.9 18.8147.4102.625.83.047.7 2017/18
Notes: Coarse grains trade data are on July/June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the present,
coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
World Rice: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Productio
Productio
n
TY
Exports
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Rice, Milled
490.8 111.6325.714.0332.13.3146.6 1988/89
510.4 120.6336.411.7345.33.5147.8 1989/90
519.5 126.6345.412.3351.43.5147.0 1990/91
522.9 126.7353.314.4353.33.5147.6 1991/92
524.0 123.1357.414.9353.93.6146.4 1992/93
526.0 118.9358.916.6354.73.6145.3 1993/94
539.9 117.6365.520.8364.13.7147.3 1994/95
547.3 118.1368.219.7368.83.7148.3 1995/96
563.8 120.3378.218.9380.43.8150.2 1996/97
575.2 127.7379.927.6387.43.8151.7 1997/98
586.9 134.0388.624.8394.93.8153.3 1998/99
608.8 143.1400.222.8409.33.9155.8 1999/00
594.0 146.7395.624.3399.23.9152.8 2000/01
594.2 132.9413.127.9399.43.9151.6 2001/02
562.9 103.0408.027.5378.13.8147.6 2002/03
585.3 81.7413.827.3392.53.9149.5 2003/04
596.4 74.0408.528.9400.83.9151.4 2004/05
622.3 76.5415.429.0417.94.0154.2 2005/06
625.1 75.4421.231.8420.14.0154.6 2006/07
643.6 80.9428.129.6433.64.2154.9 2007/08
669.5 93.2437.629.4449.94.2158.5 2008/09
655.2 95.2438.031.8440.04.2155.8 2009/10
671.6 99.9445.436.5450.14.2158.3 2010/11
696.9 109.1458.240.0467.44.4159.8 2011/12
706.2 118.7463.939.5473.54.4159.6 2012/13
713.6 122.0475.244.1478.54.4161.9 2013/14
714.5 127.8473.442.6479.24.4161.0 2014/15
704.6 132.6467.740.1472.64.4159.5 2015/16
726.0 138.0481.346.3486.74.5160.8 2016/17
721.2 140.7480.845.5483.54.5160.2 2017/18
Notes: Stocks, exports and consumption are expressed on a milled basis in marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
57
ENDNOTES TO GRAIN: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
REGIONAL TABLES
North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States.
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British
Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands of the U.S.
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas
Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.
EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar,
Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland.
Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa.
East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia,
Taiwan.
South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives.
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
58
OTHER NOTES
Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main
harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed
begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2016/17 starts in 2016); except for summer grains
in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second
year begins the LMY (2016/17 starts in 2017). Key exporter LMY’s are:
Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum
Argentina (Dec/Nov) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Nov/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul) China (Oct/Sep) European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Russia (Jul/Jun)
European Union (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug) Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar) United States (Jun/May)
Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
Russia(Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdAvailability.aspx).
Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local
marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in
time.
Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed,
industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local
marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however,
reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only.
Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables
contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for
analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye
are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year.
EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent the European Union
(Croatia plus the former EU-27) and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through
1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for
grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10,
plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.
Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain
equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled
equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and
mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis
59
Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries,
and trade to countries outside the USDA database.
The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Office of Global Analysis, Foreign Agricultural
Service, USDA, Washington, DC 20250, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from
official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S.
agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information.
Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) 720-3448.
Note: The previous report in this series was Grain: World Markets and Trade November 2017.
For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production
December 2017.
This circular is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov
Questions may be directed to the following staff:
Andrew Sowell (202) 720-0262 [email protected] Wheat
Shelbi Knisley (202) 690-2361 [email protected] Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 [email protected] Rice/Wheat
Tiffany Landry (202) 720-2349 [email protected] Rice
Yoonhee Macke (202) 690-4199 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Graham Soley (202) 772-4235 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Olutayo Akingbe (202) 690-1624 [email protected] Coarse Grains
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA December 2017Office of Global Analysis