Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadisDaniel Murdiyarso
Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadisIndonesian REDD+ After Paris:Quo vadis
Outline
• At the beginning…• The core idea of REDD+• Fast tracking REDD+• The barriers for a national
approach and sub nationalimplementation?
• What lessons did we learn?• In a nutshell
• At the beginning…• The core idea of REDD+• Fast tracking REDD+• The barriers for a national
approach and sub nationalimplementation?
• What lessons did we learn?• In a nutshell
Thursday, May 27, 2010
Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two-year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his countrywhich also contributes heavily to global warming."We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop theconversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint pressconference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before aninternational deforestation conference starts in Oslo.The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed tocontribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests,which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world'sdeforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmentalprotection groups.……..AFP
Thursday, May 27, 2010
Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two-year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his countrywhich also contributes heavily to global warming."We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop theconversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint pressconference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before aninternational deforestation conference starts in Oslo.The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed tocontribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests,which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world'sdeforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmentalprotection groups.……..AFP
Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balancebetween the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight againstclimate change.Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the countryto set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress."If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduceddeforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of globalgreenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes oftransport combined.The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fightdeforestation around the world.Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, hasalready signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.-AFP-
Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balancebetween the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight againstclimate change.Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the countryto set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress."If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduceddeforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of globalgreenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes oftransport combined.The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fightdeforestation around the world.Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, hasalready signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.-AFP-
Necessary tools needed
• National Strategy• MRV system• (Forest)Reference Emission Level• Safeguards (SES and SIS)• Financial mechanism
Are they publically accessed? Enabling instrument/PAM? National Designated Authority?
• National Strategy• MRV system• (Forest)Reference Emission Level• Safeguards (SES and SIS)• Financial mechanism
Are they publically accessed? Enabling instrument/PAM? National Designated Authority?
The core idea of REDD+
• Carbon value of forests• Performance-based• Co-benefits• Sustainable
Development Goals
• Carbon value of forests• Performance-based• Co-benefits• Sustainable
Development Goals
Fast tracking REDD+ in Indonesia
TRANSFORMATIONALREFORMS SPECIFIC POLICIES
Tenure reform
Governance
PES(payments for environmental services)
Community-based natural resourcemanagement (CBNRM)
• May or may not directly lead to REDD+
But has positive effects on equity andpoverty reduction, necessary for thelong-term success of REDD+ efforts
Governance
Decentralisation Agricultural policies
Woodfuel policies
Land use restrictions
Sustainable forest management
Community-based natural resourcemanagement (CBNRM)
simpler, technically and politically
Potential barriers
• Institutional/ Governance– Sectoral “bandwidth”– Authority and mandate
• Legal/ Regulatory framework– Rules of the game– Disharmony across sectors and regional
• Technical– MRV system– Capacity to reduce uncertainties,
including EF and AD
• Institutional/ Governance– Sectoral “bandwidth”– Authority and mandate
• Legal/ Regulatory framework– Rules of the game– Disharmony across sectors and regional
• Technical– MRV system– Capacity to reduce uncertainties,
including EF and AD
• Ketapang/FFI/Kalbar• Kapuas Hulu /FORCLIME/Kalbar• Kapuas Hulu/FFI/Kalbar• Sentarum/FFI/Kalbar• Lamandau/YAYORIN-RARE/Kalteng• Rimba Raya/RRC-Infinite Earth/Kalteng• Katingan/RMU-Starling Resources/Kalteng• Sebangau/WWF/Kalteng• KFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Kalteng• Heart of Borneo/WWF/Kalteng• Kutai Barat/WWF/Kaltim• Kutai-Malinau/Global Green/Kaltim• RHOI/BOS/Kaltim• Malinau/GER/Kaltim• Malinau/FORCLIME/Kaltim• Berau Forest Carbon/TNC/Kaltim• Berau/FORCLIME/Kaltim
• Mamuju/Inhutani/SulBar• TN Lore Lindu/UNREDD-MoFo/Sulteng• SM Nantu/YANI/Gorontalo• Poigar/ONF/Sulut
PotentialREDD+ projects
• Lombok/KOICA-MoFo/NTB• TN Meru Betiri/ITTO-MoFo/Jatim
• Merang/GiZ/Sumsel• Berbak/ZSL/Jambi• SFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Jambi• Kampar Ring/APRIL/Riau• Tesso Nilo/WWF/Riau• Siberut/Global Green/Sumbar• Leuser/YLI/Aceh• Ulu Masen/Aceh Green/Aceh
Biak-Rumfor/Emerald Planet Mamberamo/New Forest
Merauke-Mappi-Asmat/WWF Jayapura/WWF
• TEBE Project/YTM-AusAID/NTB
National Parks
B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas
G. Palung KutaiLore Lindu
B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas
Baluran
Lore Lindu
National Parks and REDD demonstration sites
B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas
G. Palung Kutai
Kalimantan• FORCLIME• AusAID
Sulawesi• UN-REDD
Lore LinduB. Tigapuluh
B. Duabelas
Baluran
Sumatra• AusAID• GTZ
Java/Lombok• ITTO• KOICA
Lore Lindu
As of April 2010
National Parks and voluntary REDD sites
B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas
G. Palung Kutai
Kalimantan• FFI/PHKA• BOS• GER/Inhutani• WWF
Sulawesi• Green Synergy• Inhutani Papua
• WWF• New Forest• Emerald PlanetLore Lindu
B. TigapuluhB. Duabelas
Baluran
Sumatra• Govt Aceh/FFI• WWF• APRIL• RSPB/• Burung• ZSL
Papua• WWF• New Forest• Emerald PlanetLore Lindu
As of April 2010
(Forest) Reference Emission Level
BasePeriod
Or
Historicalbaseline
Crediting period = 35 years?
Fore
stC
-sto
cks Base
Period
Or
Historicalbaseline
With REDD
Without REDD(BAU)
Fore
stC
-sto
cks
With REDD+
5 or 10years?
BasePeriod
Or
Historicalbaseline
With REDD
Without REDD(BAU)
C-e
mis
sion
GtC
O2-
eq
With REDD+
(Forest) Reference Emission Level
BasePeriod
Or
Historicalbaseline
C-e
mis
sion
GtC
O2-
eq
With REDD+
5 or 10years?
Crediting period = 35 years?
HF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HD
Cluster of forest cover and deforestation rate
HF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/LDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDHF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HDLF/HD
LF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LDLF/LD
Forest transition - nationalForestcover Papua
Kalimantan
Java
Time
Sumatra
Forest/plantations/ agric.mosaics
Undisturbedforests
Forest/agric.mosaics
Forestfrontiers
Java
TREND-D for a quota system
Existing forest
ExpectedDeforestation
Fore
st a
rea
orC-
stoc
ks
Province A Province B Province C
Forested district
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ExpectedDeforestation
Agreed nationalreference level
Fore
st a
rea
orC-
stoc
ks
Approaches for accounting & crediting
National approach• Creates country ownership• Addresses domestic leakage• Susceptible to governance failures• Less likely to mobilize private
investment
Sub-national• Allow early action and wide participation• Susceptible to domestic leakage• Cannot address wider driving forces of
deforestation and forest degradation
Nested approach• Allows early start with sub-national
activities and gradually move to anational approach
• Challenges to harmonize two levels
National approach• Creates country ownership• Addresses domestic leakage• Susceptible to governance failures• Less likely to mobilize private
investment
Sub-national• Allow early action and wide participation• Susceptible to domestic leakage• Cannot address wider driving forces of
deforestation and forest degradation
Nested approach• Allows early start with sub-national
activities and gradually move to anational approach
• Challenges to harmonize two levels
Lessons learned fromthe reforestation fund study
• Build capacity for financialmanagement and revenue admin
• Strengthen corruption and frauderadication initiatives
• Support financial monitoring,reporting, and verification
• Adjust policies to remove misalignedand perverse incentives
• Promote equitable distribution ofbenefits and mitigate negativeimpacts on smallholders
• Build capacity for financialmanagement and revenue admin
• Strengthen corruption and frauderadication initiatives
• Support financial monitoring,reporting, and verification
• Adjust policies to remove misalignedand perverse incentives
• Promote equitable distribution ofbenefits and mitigate negativeimpacts on smallholders
In the Paris Agreement
In a nutshell• REDD+ must be new ... but build on lessons
learned• REDD+ must be transformational ... but shows a
world where change is incremental• REDD+ requires targeted interventions …strong
broad sectoral coordination is needed• REDD+ Strategy is ready ... but projects are
challenging• REDD+ can synergize adaptation... but no silver
bullets
• REDD+ must be new ... but build on lessonslearned
• REDD+ must be transformational ... but shows aworld where change is incremental
• REDD+ requires targeted interventions …strongbroad sectoral coordination is needed
• REDD+ Strategy is ready ... but projects arechallenging
• REDD+ can synergize adaptation... but no silverbullets
THANK YOUTHANK YOUwww.cifor.org/swamp