Inner ear disordersInner ear disorders
Causes: Prenatal, Perinatal and PostnatalCauses: Prenatal, Perinatal and Postnatal
Prenatal: Occurs during the Prenatal: Occurs during the development of the cochleadevelopment of the cochlea
Perinatal: Occurs during the process of Perinatal: Occurs during the process of birthbirth
Postnatal: Occurs after birthPostnatal: Occurs after birth
Prenatal causesPrenatal causes
SyndromesSyndromes
Rh incompatibilityRh incompatibility
DrugsDrugs
Viral infections (rubella, AIDS)Viral infections (rubella, AIDS)
Perinatal causesPerinatal causes
AnoxiaAnoxia
Toxicity in mother’s bloodstreamToxicity in mother’s bloodstream
PrematurityPrematurity
TraumaTrauma
Postnatal causesPostnatal causes
Complications of otitis mediaComplications of otitis media
Meningitis/ EncephalitisMeningitis/ Encephalitis
Viral infections (mumps, measles, chicken pox)Viral infections (mumps, measles, chicken pox)
SyphilisSyphilis
High feversHigh fevers
Kidney disease, diabetesKidney disease, diabetes
Other causesOther causes
Ototoxicity (neomycin, kanamycin, aspirin, furesemide, Ototoxicity (neomycin, kanamycin, aspirin, furesemide, nicotine, alcohol)nicotine, alcohol)
Vestibulotoxicity (Streptomycin, gentamycin)Vestibulotoxicity (Streptomycin, gentamycin)
OtosclerosisOtosclerosis
BarotraumaBarotrauma
Noise induced hearing lossNoise induced hearing loss
Surgical complications/TraumaSurgical complications/Trauma
Sudden/fluctuating hearing lossSudden/fluctuating hearing loss
Meniere’s diseaseMeniere’s disease
PresbycusisPresbycusis
Images courtesy of Gerhardt, K. Work on fetal sheep