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selecting PCI products and solutions, you can be secure that you

are dealing with a reliable partner that understands your needs,

guarantees proper execution of tasks and hence ensures efficient

investment in your project.

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How to build a leak-free swimming pool?

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Swimming poo l construction and operation problematics

Experts distinguish the types of swimming pools by purpose, installation technique, water circulation and cladding type. Depending on the tasks and the selected type of swimming pool, the corresponding construction solutions are specified at the design stage. In this context, it is important to remember that such complex hydraulic engineering structure, as a swimming pool, requires strict compliance with all regulations during both construction and operation. Currently, several standards are effective in Russia: the Russian (SNiP and SanPiN) and the European (EN, DIN) ones.

When selecting materials for swimming pool construction and renovation, it is recommended to pay attention to their compliance with the specified standards and regulations*.

Common errors during swimming pool construction

Pool basin design errors. Incompatibility of surfaces and materials. Low quality of construction chemicals. Violation of material application technology.

* See page 24 for the list of effective standards applied during swimming pool construction and renovation.

According to statistics, concrete swimming pools require repair every 5–7 years, given that the operational lifetime should be at least 30 years. Issues, emerging in the course of the swimming pool operation, are a consequence of improper use of technologies or incorrect selection of materials at the stages of the structure design and construction.

PCI® materials

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A swimming pool is a complex engineering structure. In case of low-quality materials application and improper water conditioning, there might be leaks, tile bubbling up, or trowel finish washout from the joints between tiles.

The core problem related to the swimming pool operation is the leaks emerging because of seal failure at the wall-to-bottom or wall-to-wall junctions, as well as in the places of concrete inserts installation (spray nozzles, main drains, lighting fixtures, countercurrents, etc.). The use of rigid adhesives leads to swimming pool tile bubble up due to excessive stress under the tile.

Hard water contributes to the absorption of calcium hydroxide from the cement-based trowel finish, which results in its destruction and washout from the joints.

Most frequent issues emerging during the swimming pool operation

Discoloration of tiles and joints between them

Peeling and destruction of tiles and joints

Other issues: significant loads and vibration of soil and pool basin; amplification of pool cladding destruction process under the influence of an aggressive water environment

Pool basin cracking

Seal failure in the places of concrete inserts installation

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The correct selection of construction materials ensures safe and continuous operation of the swimming pool for many years

German brand PCI, belonging to BASF Group, has been enjoying its well-deserved recognition among the construction industry experts for about 65 years. PCI is a market leader in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, where the most demanding quality standards apply.

Why do professionals choose PCI? The line of PCI products comprises more than 300 special

materials (dry mixes, dispersions, silicones, bitumen and reactive polymers, etc.).

PCI materials: • reduce the time required for tile application by 1.5–2 times; • save the customer’s resources dedicated to swimming pool

construction and operation (2–3 times); • reduce transportation and labor costs by 1.5–2 times; ensure

guaranteed long-term quality. PCI collaborates with the leading manufacturers of tiles, equipment

and chemicals for swimming pools. It helps the customer obtain an efficient and reliable ready-made solution.

BASF is the world leading manufacturer of construction chemicals. In case of non-routine tasks and unforeseen issues, BASF is always ready to offer an individual solution that addresses all peculiarities of other structural elements.

The first swimming pool ever The history of swimming pools goes back centuries. The oldest one was constructed more than four thousand years ago in Mohenjo-Daro, an ancient town in southeastern Pakistan. It had 12 × 7 m dimensions and 3 m depth. When it comes to the effort applied for digging such an enormous pit with shovels, the passion of ancient Aryans towards hydrotherapeutic procedures becomes evident. The basin of the first swimming pool was made of brick and treated with resin for water impermeability purposes, though it is highly likely that the pool was shamelessly leaky.

Ancient Romans and Hellenes were well versed in pool and bath construction. Roman thermae became a legendary example of splendor and craving for pleasure at any price.

The first public swimming pool was built in Germany in 1870s. At that time, the construction of a public pool stirred up a lot of controversy. For example, the Berlin society of bathing enthusiasts welcomed and supported the initiative of a public pool construction, meanwhile the Berlin dermatologic society was totally against it. Finally, the first public swimming pool was constructed. After that, as time went on, the technology of swimming pool construction was adopted by other countries, and public pools gained popularity all over the world.

The first indoor swimming pool was opened in London in 1742. The ads assured that for one mere guinea gentlemen (and only them, since the entrance was prohibited for women) could enjoy clean and warm swimming pool that had approx. 12 m in length. As an additional service, the pool personnel gave swimming lessons to everyone interested.

The first indoor swimming pool with wave simulation was constructed in Linderhof Palace upon the order of King Ludwig II of Bavaria in 1879. Moreover, it was the first electrically heated and lit pool.

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Comprehensive solutions for waterproofing and tile laying in swimming pools Contents Swimming pool construction and operation problematics ... 2

Pool basin concreting .......................................................... 6

Substrate leveling ................................................................ 7

Sealing of concrete fixing..................................................... 8

Waterproofing arrangement ............................................... 10

Tile laying ........................................................................... 12

Tile laying over metallic ..................................................... 14

Joint grouting ..................................................................... 16

Joint sealing ....................................................................... 17

Pool decks ......................................................................... 18

Overflow trough ................................................................. 18

Sealing of stairs and recreational facilities ........................ 19

Swimming pool repair ........................................................ 20

Materials catalog ................................................................ 21

Applicable standards for swimming pool construction and renovation ................................................................... 24

Expert recommendations


6

Pool basin concreting

See page 6

Substrate leveling

See page 7

Sealing of concrete fixing

See page 8

Stages of swimming pool construction

Pool basin concreting Use MasterGlenium superplasticizers*

The basin is cast of class B22.5 to B30 (~22.5–30 MPa compressive strength) concrete with at least W4 (150 mm concrete cylinder stays water impermeable under the water pressure of 0.4 MPa) water permeability class. Frost resistance grade of the mix used during the construction of an outdoor swimming pool should be F100 to F150 so that the structure could withstand at least 100–150 freezing and thawing cycles.

Concrete should be strong and water-impermeable. The minimum thickness of the base slab should be at least 250 mm. In 28 days after the casting, the pool basin should meet the following requirements: B22.5–B30 (~22.5–30 MPa) concrete strength grade. Dry concrete surface, humidity should not exceed 4%. The horizontal surface of the basin flank, according to

SNiP 3.04.0187, allows maximum horizontal deviation of 1 mm per 1 m.

The pool basin concrete should not contain reinforcing steel or coarse chip grains at the depth of 50–70 mm from the upper edge of the flank.

For increasing plasticity and water impermeability, as well as early concrete strength development, it is recommended to use MasterGlenium series superplasticizers. For example, the use of MasterGlenium 51 superplasticizer allows reduce the time of concrete curing from 12 to 2 weeks. The recommended dosage is 0.1–2% of the cement mass. World largest swimming pool Chile has constructed the largest swimming pool in

the world. The pool, located 100 km to the west away

from Santiago and belonging to the San Alfonso del Mar

resort, is about 1 km in length and covers 8 ha. In order

to fill the pool, 2.5 million liters of water, delivered from

the Pacific Ocean, is required. The Guinness Book of

Records has already acknowledged this giant structure

as the world largest swimming pool. The construction of

the object costed 1.5 billion dollars.

The decision of constructing a swimming pool was

made in view of ocean contamination and a large

number of sharks at the coast.

Concrete admixtures: MasterGlenium 51

Construction perspectives

PCI® materials

7

Waterproofing arrangement

Tile laying Joint grouting Joint sealing

See page 10 See page 12 See page 16 See page 17

Substrate leveling Use PCI Pericret, PCI Latex*

Even minor roughness can influence the quality of laying of tiles, especially of mosaic tiles. Moreover, uneven surface significantly increases the consumption of waterproofing and adhesive mortars! The core problem of conventional leveling plaster mortars is their bad adhesion to the substrate, low crack resistance and grade strength, shrinkage, lengthy strength development, excessive layer thickness (30 mm and more) and the use of additional reinforcement.

One solution might be the use of polymer-modified quick-setting PCI Pericret mortar with leveling thickness of 3–50 mm per layer. The key advantage of PCI Pericret is the early strength development and the possibility of waterproofing or tile application in 2 or 3 hours after the mortar initial setting. No additional reinforcement is required.

After the initial setting (approximately in 30–90 minutes, depending on the layer thickness, substrate type and application temperature), PCI Pericret can be troweled with wet porous sponges, and smooth with plastering trowel if necessary.

Another, more cost-efficient, but labor-intensive solution, is the use of sand-cement polymer-modified leveling mortars in combination with acrylate-based PCI Latex admixture. In this respect, the physical and mechanical properties of the mix combined with PCI Latex are similar to PCI Pericret. The consumption of PCI Latex is 0.04–0.06 kg per 1 mm thickness and 1 m² of leveled area. The application of subsequent mortars is possible after 3–7 days following the application of leveling mix combined with PCI Latex.

PCI Pericret leveling mix

PCI Pericret or sand-cement mix with PCI Latex admixture

PCI Pericret or


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Sealing of concrete fixing Use epoxy-based PCI materials in combination with PCI Pecitape sleeve gaskets*

Swimming pool constructors often use grouting mortars and self-expanding cords for concrete inserts sealing. Practically, these technologies are not reliable enough due to uncontrollable cord expansion. The use of cement-containing mortars is also an erroneous method due to their incompatibility with products (concrete inserts) made of plastic and stainless steel.

PCI materials application pattern when installing concrete insert at the pool

bottom

Concrete insert installation at the pool bottom 1. PCI Silcofug E sealant 2. Ceramic tile 3. PCI Nanolight tile adhesive 4. PCI Pecitape sleeve gasket 42.5 × 42.5 5. PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing 6. PCI Durapox NT plus epoxy mass

with PCI Epoxigrund 390 primer 7. PCI Repaflow poured anchoring mortar

PCI Pecitape sealing strip and sleeve gasket system

PCI Epoxigrund 390 epoxy primer

PCI Durapox NT plus epoxy mortar

PCI® materials

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Two steps of reliable concrete inserts sealing!

PCI materials application pattern when installing concrete insert into

the pool wall

Step 1. Concrete insert preparation for sealing After the casting of pool basin, 20–30 mm deep trenches should be cut in concrete around the inserts at a distance of 20–30 mm from the insert; alternatively, prior to the pool basin concrete pouring, a ring made of extruded foam polystyrene or foam polyurethane should be attached to the insert (after the basin casting, the ring is easily removed with the aid of a chisel). Subsequently, the hole is sealed with epoxy-based mortars.

Step 2. Concrete insert sealing Prior to sealing, the inserts made of PVC or stainless steel (spray nozzles, main drains, lighting fixtures, etc.) should be ground with flint paper.

The trench and the inserts should be undercoated with PCI Epoxigrund 390 material by using a brush, and then immediately dusted with quartz sand (0.3–0.8 mm grain size).

Approximately in 3–6 hours, caulk the trench with special epoxy-based PCI Durapox NT plus mortar using an applicator.

Concrete insert installation into the pool wall 1. PCI Silcofug E sealant 2. Ceramic tile 3. PCI Nanolight tile adhesive 4. PCI Pecitape sleeve gasket 42.5 × 42.5 5. PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing 6. PCI Durapox NT plus epoxy mass with PCI Epoxigrund 390

primer 7. PCI Repaflow poured anchoring mortar


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Waterproofing arrangement Use PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid, PCI Pecitape strip and sleeve gasket system

The core problem related to the swimming pool operation is the leaks emerging because of seal failure at the wall-to-bottom or wall-to-wall junctions, as well as in the places of concrete inserts installation (spray nozzles, main drains, lighting fixtures, countercurrent, etc.). The seal failure is a result of the distinctive operational feature of these structures, i.e., their workability during operation. Thus, in order to ensure reliable waterproofing and operation of moving parts, the pools are equipped with elastic PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing and PCI Pecitape system of elastic sealing strips and sleeve gaskets.

Three steps of reliable waterproofing

Step 1. Sealing and waterproofing of junctions and joints Waterproofing works should begin with the bottom-to-wall and wall-to-wall junctions, and the places of concrete inserts location. These areas are the most prone to power and dynamic loads. We recommend sealing them with the aid of an elastic material system: PCI Pecitape strips and sleeve gaskets, and PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid elastic waterproofing.

For this purpose: a) Concrete in joints and junctions is covered with PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing by using an applicator. b) PCI Pecitape Objekt elastic strip is attached to the freshly laid waterproofing and then smoothed with an applicator all along the strip. c) PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid is applied once more over the strip. However, the middle of the strip (~5–10 mm in width) should be left uncovered. The waterproofing-free area of the PCI Pecitape Objekt strip will help it retain elasticity in case of pool walls and bottom deformation.

At wall-to-wall junctions, PCI Pecitape Objekt strip is laid from the bottom up. First, the strip is applied so that it overlaps the previously applied strip in the junction area. In the overlapping points, the strips are glued with PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing.

PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid

PCI Pecitape


PCI Repahaft

PCI Pecitape strip and sleeve gasket system

PCI® materials

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Three steps of reliable waterproofing Step 2. Sealing and waterproofing of concrete inserts In the course of swimming pool operation, concrete around the inserts may crack and, as a result, leak. Cracking may be caused by the lack of concrete strength near the insert and vibration loads on the insert itself. In order to prevent potential leaks, it is recommended to use the PCI Pecitape 42.5 × 42.5 elastic sleeve gasket.

For this purpose: a) Cut a hole in the sleeve gasket depending on the insert size (the sleeve gasket should fit close to the concrete insert). b) Use a brush or an applicator in order to apply PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing to the preliminarily sealed inserts with the aid of PCI Durapox NT Plus epoxy mortar. Attach the gasket to the freshly laid waterproofing layer, compact it with an applicator, and then cover with the second layer of PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing.

Step 3. Waterproofing arrangement for walls and bottom PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid membrane elastic waterproofing should be applied to the walls and bottom in two layers.

1) The first (primer) layer should be applied with the aid of a distemper brush or a roller. This primer layer fills all potential irregularities and micro-cracks. 2) In 2–3 hours after the application of the PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid waterproofing primer layer, the second layer can be applied. We recommend applying the second layer using a notched trowel with 6 × 6 mm or 8 × 8 mm notches in order to obtain a 2.0–3.2 mm thick waterproofing.

The swimming pool hydro testing is performed before the pool basin cladding. It helps identify all potential leaks and repair the waterproofing if necessary. When PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid membrane elastic waterproofing is used, hydro testing can be performed three days after the waterproofing application. The hydro-testing duration may be 1 to 7 days. If no water loss is observed during this period, hydro testing is considered successful. Then, water is drained from the pool. The remaining water should be driven to the main drain with the aid of floor mops. After that, waterproofing should be dried up for 1–2 days, and then the pool may be cladded.

PCI Pecitape

PCI Pecitape


PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid highly-elastic waterproofing


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Tile laying Use PCI Nanolight

For the purpose of ceramic tile laying in swimming pools, elastic adhesives with adhesion strength exceeding 1 MPa should be used; in case of glass mosaic, the adhesion strength should be greater than 2.5 MPa. The use of elastic adhesive solves the primary issue, i.e., removes stress emerging in case of structural deformations between the substrate and the tiles, thus ensuring cladding independency from the base. The use of non-elastic adhesives leads to the cladding bubbling up from the substrate.

PCI recommends using PCI Nanolight, a unique elastic nanotechnology-inspired adhesive suitable for applying all types of ceramic coatings to any type of substrate. PCI Nanolight is supplied in two colors: grey and white.

Attention! In case of cladding the pool basin with glass mosaic, a latex admixture should always be added to the elastic adhesive.

PCI material application pattern in case of ceramic tile laying

The adhesive is applied with the aid of a notched trowel. The notch size depends on the tile size. The ready-made adhesive solution should be applied to the waterproofing with the aid of a metallic notched trowel. Use the smooth side of the trowel to distribute the adhesive through the waterproofing layer, applying a minor force in accordance with the “scrape down” method. Adhesive spillover should be removed with a trowel. Use the reverse (notched) side of the trowel to apply the main layer over the freshly laid contact layer.

Use the reverse (notched) side of the trowel to apply the main layer over the freshly laid contact layer. Apply only so much adhesive, which is required to be able to adjust the tile location (approximately in 30 minutes). The tile should be laid over the mortar and slightly rubbed smooth to the substrate. Use the broad side of the trowel to pat the mosaic elements.

In eight hours after the tile or mosaic application, joints may be grouted.

PCI Nanolight elastic thixotropic adhesive

PCI Lastoflex latex admixture

PCI Nanolight



PCI® materials

13

PCI material application pattern in case of glass mosaic laying

Tile dimensions, mm

Trowel notch size, mm

PCI Nanolight consumption

PCI Lastoflex consumption

25 × 25 4 × 4 0.8 0.2 50 × 50 4 × 4 0.8 0.2

100 × 100 4 × 4 0.8 0.2 100 × 200 6 × 6 1.3 0.33 150 × 150 6 × 6 1.3 0.33 250 × 125 8 × 8 1.8 0.46

250 × 200 8 × 8 1.8 0.46

300 × 300 10 × 10 2.1 0.54

PCI Nanolight White + PCI Lastoflex

New technologies

It never fails to amaze us how geckos move over the walls, ceilings and even glass! The key lies in the natural nanotechnologies. If we look at the feet of these animals at nanoscale, we will see thin hairs, known as setae. They help the gecko grasp at the surface irregularities that are too tiny to be seen with human eye, and establish an electrical link to the surface! This two-step adhesion mechanism was taken as a basis for the development of PCI® Nanolight mixes. The process of cement hydration has been explored and studied by scientists for more than 100 years. Over the years, PCI has also been involved in an intensive study of nanostructures in cement-based compounds. For these purposes, we have a wide range of analytical capabilities and methods. From the moment of cement mortar hardening, it is possible to observe the formation of nanostructures in the cement brick. The combination of different cement types and the use of high-quality admixtures help us improve the nanostructure quality and density, and thus, influence the final properties of the products. * “Nano” stands for “extremely small”. Nanometer is 1/1,000,000,000 meters (10−9 m). For reference, a human hair is 5000 nm in diameter. Several nanometers is a common size of material buildups containing only a couple of atoms. According to modern concepts, it is such material structures that determine many material properties.


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Tile laying over metallic substrates Use PCI Collastic

The task of laying tile over a metallic substrate or a PVC membrane is not uncommon. According to the conventional technology, a metal lath should be welded to the metallic base, and then covered with a 20–30 mm thick plaster layer. The plaster may peel over time due to the mortar/substrate dissimilarity, as well as shrinkage processes, which leads to the pool operation interruption.

Welded joints in wall-to-wall and bottom-to-wall junctions are prone to corrosion due to the action of water. For this reason, prior to the cladding in these places, PCI Pecitape Objekt sealing strip should be applied. The strip should be attached with the aid of PCI Collastic.

PCI Collastic is a unique two-component polyurethane-based adhesive that has a number of advantages compared to the conventional mortars intended for cladding of metallic or PVC substrates: Polyurethane-based PCI Collastic adhesive is

applied to the substrate without preliminary prime coating.

PCI Collastic performs the waterproofing functions along with the PCI Pecitape sealing elements.

Joints can be grouted in six hours after the tile laying over PCI Collastic.

PCI Collastic neutralizes the substrate cladding deformations.

The swimming pool can be commissioned within the shortest time possible.

In 3–6 hours people may walk through the laid tiles, in 12–16 hours — water can be supplied.

PCI Pecitape

PCI Collastic polyurethane-based adhesive

PCI® materials

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and PVC membrane

Pool on the 55th floor Marina Bay Sands hotel has been recently opened

in Singapore after four years of construction.

The 200 m hotel towers have a wonderful view on

the Marina Bay. On the top of the hotel towers, there

is a 150 m long outdoor swimming pool. The terrace

and gardens can accommodate up to 3900 people.

This project, worth 5.7 billion dollars, is implemented

by an Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Sadfie.

PCI Collastic

PCI Pecitape sealing strip and sleeve gasket system



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Joint grouting Use PCI for pool cladding

Excessively hard water and low grouting density contribute to the absorption of calcium hydroxide from the cement-based trowel finish, which results in its destruction and washout from the joints. The grouting selection depends on the quality of water conditioning, as well as on the pool purpose.

If it is necessary to create a joint resistant to chlorine, water pH swings, as well as excessive water hardness, PCI Durapox NT plus epoxy-based grouting should be used.

If the water is well conditioned (oxygen treatment method, accurate dosage of pH+ and pH- reagents, as well as algicides, etc.), then cement-based grouting PCI Nanofug or PCI Durafug NT can be applied. In this case, the condition of joints will depend only on the water quality.

Note: In case of not thorough or late washing of the epoxy-based PCI Durapox NT plus grouting, set epoxy stains remain on tiles, which can be removed only with the aid of PCI Spezial-Reiniger Epoxi.

Filling the pool with water The time of filling the pool with water also depends on the composition of the selected grouting.

When the cement-based grouting PCI Nanofug or PCI Durafug NT is used, the pool basin can be filled in a day.

When epoxy-based PCI Durapox NT Plus grouting is used, this time amounts to six days.

PCI Durapox NT plus

PCI Nanolight


PCI Durapox NT plus epoxy grouting

PCI Nanofug / PCI Durafug NT cement-based grouting

PCI® materials

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Joint sealing Use PCI Silcofug E

Joints between the tiles in the points of junction are dynamic, so, as a result, any rigid grouting will be prone to spalling. For this reason, such places should be sealed with the aid of a special elastic silicone-based sealant.

For the purpose of sealing corners and bottom-to wall junctions (i.e., corresponding control joints), we recommend using silicone-based PCI Silcofug E sealant. The speed of sealant polymerization is 2 mm per day. PCI Silcofug E does not lose its natural color or turn yellow over time.

PCI Silcofug E

PCI Silcofug E

PCI Repahaft


PCI Silcofug E silicone-based sealant


World deepest swimming pool Nemo 33 is an underwater swimming center in Uccle, near Brussels, Belgium. The pool consists of two large flat-bottom pools (5 m and 10 m deep) and a huge round pit (33 m deep).


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Pool decks, overflow trough, Use: PCI material complex for pool cladding

Pool decks Overflo w trough

During the arrangement of pool decks, it is necessary to meet certain conditions according to SNiP 2.08.02-89: 1. The pool deck surface should be non-slip and have

a 0.01–0.02 incline towards the stairs or drain holes. 2. The clean floor level in wet areas should be 30 mm

lower than the floor level in other adjacent locations; floor surface should be non-slip.

3. The pool deck, as well as basin walls and bottom should be water-impermeable.

Therefore, it is recommended to waterproof the substrate prior to the tile laying. Moreover, in the areas around the pool, only non-slip class B (slide-resistant) ceramic tile should be used.

The stages of tile laying in the pool deck areas Pool deck area substrate leveling – PCI Pericret or a mortar

with PCI Latex admixture. Drain grates sealing. (See the technology of concrete

inserts sealing with the aid of epoxy-based mortars.) An expansion joint should be arranged in the area of

the pool deck reinforced concrete slab mounting on the reinforced concrete trench of the basin flank. PCI Pecitape Objekt elastic strip is applied here. The strip is laid over the freshly prepared PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid elastic waterproofing mortar.

Anti-slip coated tile laying over the PCI Nanolight tile adhesive.

Joint grouting is performed with the aid of a chemically resistant mortar – PCI Durafug NT or PCI Durapox NT plus.

Joints between tiles in flank-to-pool deck junctions, as well as control joint are filled with PCI Silcofug E sealant.

Overflow trough Waterproofing of the concrete overflow trough with the aid

of PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid elastic mortar and PCI Pecitape strip system. Overflow nozzle is sealed with the aid of epoxy-based mortars and sleeve gaskets (see the technology of nozzle sealing).

PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid highly elastic waterproofing

PCI® materials

19

sealing of stairs and recreational facilities

Porcelain or ceramic troughs are installed on PCI Durapox NT Plus or PCI Durapox NT epoxy-based adhesive, mixed with sand (0.1–0.4 mm grain size) at the ratio of 4:6.5.

Working holes Working holes in the pool basin can be closed with the aid of quick-setting shrinkage-compensating mortars – PCI Polyfix plus or Polyfix 5 min.

Sealing of hand railing, stairs and recreational facilities The most common method implies the stairs fastening along with insert “cup” installation into the flank concrete substrate and the subsequent installation of the metallic stair handrail. The insert “cup” is fastened to concrete with the aid of anchors or self-tapping screws. The technology of the insert “cup” installation is similar to the technology of concrete inserts fastening. The main difference is the use of expanding dry concrete mixes, e.g., PCI Repaflow (poured type).

Stairs fastening stages In the points of stairs fastening, working holes (insets)

should be drilled. Prior to the installation, the concrete insert and

the working hole walls are coated with epoxy-based PCI Epoxigrund 390 primer and dusted with quartz sand (0.3–0.8 mm grain size).

After the primer drying, the insert is mechanically installed in the hole and grouted with the expanding PCI Repaflow mortar.

PCI Latex acrylate-based admixture for

construction mortars

PCI Durapox NT plus 2 in 1: epoxy-based

grouting and tile adhesive

PCI Pecitape strip and sleeve gasket system

PCI Silcofug E silicone-based sealant

PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid PCI Nanolight

PCI Durafug NT/PCI Durapox NT plus

PCI Pecitape PCI Silcofug E PCI Epoxigrund 390

PCI Repaflow

Cord


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Swimming pool repair

Generally, full-scale renovation of a swimming pool is required in case of significant and constant water leaks, which cannot be eliminated by specific measures, as well as in case of the pool structure load-bearing capacity violation. In other cases, local repair is performed.

Partial repair of the pool basin This kind of repair should be performed in case of replacing separate ceramic plates, seal failure of concrete fixings, destruction of joints between tiles, minor cracks, pool basin spalls, etc. The key factor for the successful repair of individual parts of the pool basin is the absence of cracks and a seamless waterproofing layer. Only in this case all works related to tile laying and joint grouting will be efficient.

Leak elimination For the purpose of active visible leak elimination, quick-setting PCI Polyfix 30 Sec mortars should be used. This mortar needs only 30 seconds to interrupt a leak or water descent from the concrete basin. If it is impossible to identify the leak, specific chemicals should be used.

Full-scale pool renovation This kind of repair requires the removal of the old ceramic coating, crack repair, leveling, waterproofing of the whole basin surface, as well as laying a new ceramic coating. As a preliminary measure, the pool inspection and repair planning are performed.

If the pool basin needs to be repaired, the Concrete Repair and Protection department experts will offer you a comprehensive solution based on the results of the structure diagnostics. Use the contacts on the reverse side to consult our experts.

Instead of destroyed grouting, the joints can be filled again with epoxy-based chemically resistant PCI Durapox NT/NT plus grouting.

Destroyed waterproofing because of osmotic pressure.

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Materials catalog

PCI Pericret Thixotropic leveling dry mix

PCI Durafug NT Cement-based grouting

For horizontal and vertical surfaces Consumption: 1.35 kg/m² for a layer thickness of 1 mm. Application thickness is 3 to 50 mm per layer. Quick setting time; in two hours after application,

waterproofing or tile can be laid. Frost-resistant, universally fit for internal and external

application. Plastic consistency and excellent workability.

For joint grouting between tiles in swimming pools and industrial premises. Chemically resistant. Water-impermeable. For 1 to 8 mm wide joints. Application temperature: +5 °C to +25 °C

(substrate temperature). Thermal resistance: −40 °C to +250 °C. Color: white, grey. Packaging: 25 kg bag. Consumption: 250 × 125 × 6 mm tile – 0.6 kg/m²;

20 × 20 × 3 mm mosaic tile – 1.1 kg/m².

PCI Repahaft Cement-based primer

PCI Latex Latex admixture intended for improvement of physical and mechanical properties of construction mortars and plasters

For concrete substrates, floor screeds and plasters Consumption: 2.0 to 2.5 kg of dry mix/m². Application temperature: +5 °C to +30 °C (substrate and

ambient air temperature). Packaging: 25-kg three-ply craft bag. Ensures reliable adhesion of plasters and floor screeds to

concrete substrate.

For internal and external application to horizontal and vertical surfaces Consumption: 0.04–0.06 kg/m² for a layer thickness of 1 mm. Resistant to saponification, non-corrodent. Improves mortar plasticity; construction plaster mortars

become elastic and are processed more easily. Increases the construction mortar resistance to abrasion,

which leads to extended service life of the applied compound.

Increases the compound resistance to water, oils and salts.

Increases the compound elasticity modulus, which neutralizes temperature fluctuations and stress in the substrates even on large areas.

Increases the compound resistance to cracking, reduces stress in the compounds, and improves frost resistance.


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PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid Two-component highly elastic waterproofing intended for application in swimming pools, water parks and other hydraulic engineering structures

PCI Pecitape A special sealing strip and sleeve gasket system

For sealing of substrates exposed to intensive water pressure. Consumption: 2.5–3.2 kg/m². Density: 1.25 g/cm³. Elastic membrane thickness: 2–2.5 mm. Bridges cracks exceeding 1.3 mm without lath. Water impermeability > 3 bar (> 30 m H2O). In four hours after application, the waterproofing layer is

ready for tile laying and walking. Thermal resistance: −40 °C to +80 °C. Vapor-permeable, can be applied to a concrete substrate

at least after 14 days. Polymer-cement base; ensures compatibility with

the concrete substrate without any primer. Adhesion in 28 days > 2 MPa.

Water load is possible in three days. Applied without lath by means of rollers and applicators. Package: 25 kg (12.5 kg – dry mix, 12.5 kg – liquid

component).

For sealing of corner joints, wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall junctions. Water-impermeable and frost-resistant, intended for

locations exposed to intensive water impact (swimming pools, bathrooms, sanitary facilities, kitchens, etc.).

Intended for surface sealing in combination with elastic waterproofing materials – PCI Seccoral 2K Rapid, PCI Collastic.

Reliably bridges cracks that could subsequently appear on the substrate.

Resistant to chlorinated and hard water. Withstands pressure exceeding 2.00 bar. Transverse tension at 25% is 0.40 N/mm. Transverse tension at 50% is 0.80 N/mm. Elasticity > 200%. Wear-resistant. UV-resistant.

PCI Nanolight PCI Nanolight White Elastic polymer-modified thixotropic nanotechnology-inspired tile adhesive

PCI Lastoflex Liquid latex admixture

For application of all kinds of tiles to any substrate Consumption: 0.8 kg/m² for a layer thickness of 1 mm. Forty to sixty percent more cost-efficient than import

equivalents due to the use of special admixtures and unique combination of fillers.

Plastic and lightweight (0.8 g/cm³ density). The adhesive can be applied in a thin or medium layer

within the thickness range of 1 to 15 mm. Elastic; neutralizes temperature fluctuations and

mechanical stress. Adhesion to the substrate id > 0.5 MPa in one day,

> 1.0 MPa in 28 days. Frost resistance grade > F150. Walking and joint grouting possible in 5–8 hours. Compliant with C2TE S1 regulations according to

standard DIN EN 12004. Easy to use.

For improvement of adhesion and elasticity of PCI tile adhesives. Neutralizes temperature fluctuations and substrate stress. Improves adhesion to absorbing and non-absorbing

mineral substrates. Increases water impermeability and frost resistance of

adhesive compounds, universally fit for internal and external application, walls and floor.

Operational thermal resistance within the range of −40 °C to +80 °C.

Upgrades PCI Nanolight adhesive class to S2.

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PCI Collastic Two-component polyurethane adhesive

PCI Nanofug Universal cement-based grouting

For ceramic tile and mosaic laying, as well as joint grouting on metallic substrates and PVC membranes. Consumption: 1.8 kg/m² at 4 mm notched trowel spacing, 2.3 kg/m² at 6 mm notched trowel spacing, 3.0 kg/m² at 8 mm notched trowel spacing, 4.2 kg/m² at 10 mm notched trowel spacing. Quick drying without cracking; joint grouting is possible in

3 hours, full water load – in 12 hours. Recommended for work performance under pressure of

time. Neutralizes the substrate cladding deformations and

temperature fluctuations. Ensures perfect cladding adhesion to dense, smooth and

vibrating substrates. Water-impermeable. Applied to the substrate without preliminary prime

coating.

For filling of 1 to 10 mm wide joints and all types of ceramic coatings. Consumption: 4.5 × 2.5 cm mosaic for 2 mm wide and 3 mm deep joint – 1.1 kg/m², 25 × 12.5 cm tile for 5 mm wide and 6 mm deep joint – 0.6 kg/m², 30 × 30 cm tile for 5 mm wide and 8 mm deep joint – 0.4 kg/m². Nanotechnology-inspired. Elastic and frost-resistant. Hydrophobic and dirt-resistant surface. Water impermeability in four hours. Hardening without cracking. Applied in pools with high-quality water. Filling the pool with water in one day.

PCI Durapox NT plus 2 in 1: epoxy-based grouting and tile adhesive

PCI Silcofug E Silicone sealant

For grouting of joints exposed to chemical action. Ready-to-use two-component mortar. Water-impermeable. Chemically resistant (for “aggressive” water). Pool basin can be filled in six days. Can be used as a chemically resistant adhesive and

anchoring mortar.

For internal and external application to horizontal and vertical surfaces For creation of elastic sealing of corner and control joints and junctions in swimming pools. Elastic; neutralizes control and settlement joints up to 20%

of their width. Weather- and UV-resistant. Prevents mold formation. Resistant to long-term loads related to water, salts,

detergents and chemicals used in swimming pools (chlorine, hypochlorite, ozone, copper sulfate, aluminum sulfate).

Does not change color. Ensures excellent adhesion to glazed ceramics without

preliminary prime coating. Easy-to-use according to injection method. Consumption: 25 ml for 5 × 5 mm joint, 100 ml for

10 × 10 mm joint.


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Applicable standards for swimming pool construction and renovation

Russian regulatory documents

1. SanPiN 2.1.2.1188-03. Swimming pools. Hygienic requirements to arrangement, operation and water quality. Quality control. 2. GOST R 53491.1-2009 Swimming pools. Water conditioning. 3. SNiP 2.08.02-89. Public buildings and facilities. 4. SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings. 5. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Health and hygiene rules and standards. Drinking water. Hygienic requirements to the quality of water in centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control. 6. SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02. Hygienic requirements to the quality of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of springs. 7. GOST R 56387-2015. National standard of the Russian Federation. Dry cement-based adhesive construction mixes.

European standards

1. DIN EN 206-1. Concrete. Specification, properties, production and conformity. 2. DIN 1045. Concrete, load-bearing and prestressed structures. 3. DIN EN 12 004. Tile adhesives. Requirements, conformity evaluation, classification and purpose. 4. DIN 18 157. Ceramic tile laying by means of application to a thin adhesive layer. 5. KOK (Koordinierungskreis Bäder) guidelines for swimming pools construction. 6. Guidelines for health improvement pools construction. 7. GUV safety regulations for swimming pools. 8. DIN 19 643-1. Water processing in swimming pools. 9. DIN 4030. Evaluation of water contents, soil foundation and gases in terms of their aggressiveness towards concrete. 10. Annotations provided by the German Society of regulations for swimming pools. 11. ZDB annotations. Ceramic coatings used during swimming pools construction. Design and construction guidelines. 12. Thermal isolation architectonics (WSVO). 13. Regulations for energy saving (EnEV). 14. Specification of Industry Union of German Tile Art (Association of German tile fixers) on tile application in the following cases: – external flooring, – thermal joints, – internal and external waterproofing systems.