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INTERACTIVE MULTIPLE
CHOICE QUESTIONS
Test 2
The answers are provided, but so also areexplanations of why the alternatives are
unsatisfactory
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Question 1
These multiple choice questions are similar to the ones set by
the GCSE and IGCSE Examination Boards except that, in
some cases, there may be more than one acceptable answer.
For this reason, even if you select a correct answer at your
first attempt, it is worth looking at all the alternatives (a)
to see if there is a better answer and
(b) to see why some of the alternatives are unacceptable.
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Question 1
A male heterozygous black mouse (Bb) is mated with afemale heterozygous black mouse (Bb) and the litter consists
of 12 pups. B is the allele for the black colour. The allele for
brown colour is b. The dominant allele is B . Which
of these ratios is closest to the expected ratio for the
distribution of colour among the offspring?
(d) 8 black and 4 brown
(c) 4 black and 8 brown
(b) 6 black and 6 brown
(a) all black
Question 2
X
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B
B b
b
BB Bb
Bb bb
gametes
From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratiois 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)
These are only the chance combinations. It would be
possible to produce 12 black pups, since black is the
dominant allele but this is not close to the expected ratio
Not very close
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B b
b
BB Bb
Bb bb
gametes
B
From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratiois 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)
These are only the chance combinations. It would be possible to
produce 6 black and 6 brown pups but this is not very close to the
expected ratio of 9:3
Not very close
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B b
b
BB Bb
Bb bb
gametes
B
From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratio is
3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)
These are only the chance combinations. A
combination of 4 black to 8 brown is close to the
expected ratio of 3:9 but since black is the dominant
allele it seems to be the wrong way round
Close but .
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B b
b
BB Bb
Bb bb
gametes
B
From the Punnett square you can see that the expected ratio
is 3 black (BB orBb) to 1 brown (bb)
These are only the chance combinations. A
combination of 8 black to 4 brown is closest to the
expected ratio of 9:3 so this would be the most likely
outcome
The closest
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Question 2
Which of the following gases are the cause of acid rain?
(c) Nitrogen oxide
(b) Carbon monoxide
(d) Sulphur dioxide
(a) Carbon dioxide
Question 3
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Carbon dioxide does dissolve in rain to form a weak solutionof carbonic acid (H2CO3) but this is normal and does not
contribute to what is known as acid rain.
However it is thought to be making the ocean more acid and
this is a cause for concern
No
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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas but does not
contribute to acid rain
No
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Oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rain water to form
nitric acid which is very harmful to lakes and land
plants
Yes
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Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water to form,
eventually, sulphuric acid. This damages lakes and
land plants
Yes
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Question 3
Asexual reproduction in plants
(d) disperses the offspring widely
(c) produces variation in the offspring
(b) maintains the characteristics of the plant
(a) involves self-fertilisation
Question 4
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Self-fertilisation is one type ofsexual reproduction
No
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Asexual reproduction does maintain the parental
characteristics in all the offspring. This is particularly
valuable in horticulture for retaining the desirable
characteristics of a plant.
Yes
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Asexual reproduction does not result in variation
among the offspring
No
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Asexual reproduction does not result in dispersal.Plants produced by asexual reproduction usually
grow in clumps or colonies
No
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Question 4
A mothers blood group isA. The fathers blood group isAB.
Which of the following blood groups could appear in their
children?
(d) O
(c)AB
(b) B
(a)A
Question 5
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The mothers genotype could be IaIa or IaIo
The fathers genotype can only be IaIb
Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,IaIb or IbIo
The first two of these would be expressed as groupA
because Ia is dominant to Io
Yes
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The mothers genotype could be IaIa or IaIo
The fathers genotype can only be IaIb
Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,
IaIb or IbIo
IbIo would be expressed as group Bbecause Ib is dominant
to Io
Yes
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Yes
The mothers genotype could be IaIa or IaIo
The fathers genotype can only be IaIb
Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,IaIb or IbIo
In the the combination IaIb the alleles are codominant
and would be expressed as group AB
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No
The mothers genotype could be IaIa or IaIo
The fathers genotype can only be IaIb
Their childs genome could therefore include IaIa, IaIo,
IaIb or IbIo
The combination IoIo could not arise
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Question 5
Ranunculus bulbosus is
(d) A family
(c) A class
(b) A species
(a) A genus
Question 6
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The genus is Ranunculus. This is the genus whichincludes the buttercups
No
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The use of the binomial name indicates that Ranunculus
bulbosus is a species (the bulbous buttercup).
Yes
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The class would be flowering plantsNo
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The family would be Ranunculaceae which includesclematis, anemone, water lily as well as buttercup.
No
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Question 6
Sunflower seedlings with straight shoots are placed on awindow sill. After a period of several hours, the growing
parts of the stems have turned through 30o and are now
growing towards the window. This is an example of
(d) positive geotropism
(c) positive phototropism
(b) negative phototropism
(a) a response to a stimulus
Question 7
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This is certainly a response (growth movement) to
a stimulus (light from one side) but it is possible
to be more precise
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Negative phototropism implies a growth movement away
from the light source
No
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This is an example of positive phototropism, a
growth movement (response) towards the light
source (the stimulus)
Yes
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Geotropism refers to a response to gravity acting on one sideof the plant.
No
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Question 7
Question 8
Which of these processes increase the concentration of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
(a) Respiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Combustion
(d) Decay
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Aerobic respiration involves the oxidation of
carbohydrates with the production of carbon dioxide.
For example
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
Anaerobic respiration involves the breakdown of
carbohydrates with the production of carbon dioxide and
products such as alcohol or pyruvic and lactic acids.
Yes
For example
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH
alcohol
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No
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
glucose
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YesWhen carbon-containing substances burn, the carbon
combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
C + O2 CO2
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Yes
Organic compounds all contain carbon. When these
decay, they release carbon dioxide. (In the absence of
oxygen, decay may result in the production of
methane).
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Question 8
In the growth of a plant cell, what causes the cell to
increase in size?
(a) Expansion of the vacuole
(b) Division of the nucleus
(c) Formation of a new cell wall
(d) Increase in the amount of cytoplasm
Question 9
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Yes.The vacuole absorbs water by osmosis and pushes the
cell wall outwards while it is still plastic
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No
Division of the nucleus precedes cell division but
does not increase the size of cells
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No
A new cell wall is formed before cell expansion takes
place, but the cell wall remains plastic till expansion is
complete
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No
In the course of cell division, new cytoplasm is
formed but this precedes any cell enlargement.
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Question 9
Which of these alternatives is the correct sequence of
events when we breathe in?
(a) The lungs fill with air and push down the
diaphragm and expand the rib cage.
(b) Muscles pull the ribs upwards and outwardsand cause the lungs to expand
(c) The diaphragm is lowered, the ribs are pulled
downwards and air is drawn into the lungs
(d) The diaphragm is lowered, the rib cage is
expanded and air is drawn into the lungs.
Question 10
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No
Air cannot enter the lungs unless they are first made
to expand
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Partly right
The movement of the rib cage does draw air into the lungs
but this is not the main force responsible
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No.
If the ribs are pulled downwards, this will reduce the
volume of the thorax and counteract the effect of the
diaphragm
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Yes
These two movements increase the volume of the
thorax and cause air to be drawn into the lungs.
The rib movements do not usually come into playexcept for deep breathing as in taking exercise.
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Question 10
In the process of active transport, substances move into a cell
(a) by osmosis
(b) by simple diffusion
(d) down a diffusion gradient
(c) against a diffusion gradient
Question 11
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No
Osmosis refers only to the diffusion of water
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No.Substances can enter the cell by diffusion but this is not
active transport
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Yes
Active transport enables a cell to take up substances
against a diffusion gradient. This requires the
expenditure of energy.
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No
Substances could enter a cell by diffusion down a
diffusion gradient but this is not active transport
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Question 11
Tooth decay is caused principally by
(a) plaque
(d) sugar
(c) bacterial activity
(b) failure to brush the teeth regularly
Question 12
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Plaque is a coating which forms round the teeth. It containsbacteria but the plaque itself is not responsible for tooth
decay
No
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Regular brushing does help to remove plaque and the bacteriait contains, but failure to brush regularly is not itself a cause of
decay.
The principal value of brushing is the prevention of gum
disease.
No
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Yes.
The bacteria flourishing in the plaque release acids which
cause the cavities in the teeth
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The bacteria on the tooth surface metabolise sugar andproduce the acids which cause cavities, but sugar itself
is not a cause of decay.
No
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Question 12
The cell labelled A is bestdescribed as
Section through a leaf
A1mm
(d) an epidermal cell
(c) a palisade cell
(b) a mesophyll cell
(a) a leaf cell
Question 13
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CellA is certainly a leaf cell but this is not a precise
enough description
No
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CellA is a mesophyll cell but so are all the cellsenclosed by the upper and lower epidermis (except for
the vascular tissue). This is not a precise enough
description
Yes but .
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Yes
CellA is a palisade cell, or better still, a palisade
mesophyll cell. Most of the photosynthesis in the leaf
takes place in these cells.
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No
The epidermal cells form the outer layers of the leaf
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Question 13
Acute shortage of oxygen in lakes and rivers is caused by
(d) excessive growth of algae
(c) excess nitrate and phosphate
(b) the oxygen demand by the excess of
decaying plant material
(a) eutrophication
Question 14
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Eutrophication refers to a high level of nutrients in a body of
water. It may cause excessive algal growth but is not a direct
cause of oxygen depletion
No
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YesThe oxygen demand of an excess of decomposing plant
material, e.g. algae, is the immediate cause of the reduction
in the oxygen content of the water in lakes and rivers.
The excess of plant material is the result of eutrophication
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Eutrophication results from high levels of nitrate andphosphate in the water. But although this encourages
excessive algal growth it does not inevitably lead to
oxygen depletion.
No
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The excessive growth of algae is not itself a cause ofoxygen depletion.
No
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Question 14
Which of the following statements are correct?
In moving through each trophic level in a food chain e.g.
producers 1storder consumers 2ndorder consumers etc
(a) the number of organisms increases
(b) energy is lost
(c) the number of organisms is reduced
(d) plants are eaten by animals
Question 15
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No
In many cases the number of organisms at each level
decreases
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Yes
At each trophic level, the organisms lose energy as a result
of their living processes. This means that less energy is
available to the next trophic level
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Partly correct
The number of organisms at each trophic level usually
decreases but there are exceptions. For example a single
oak tree may support a population of hundreds of
caterpillars.
It is the total biomass which decreases.
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No
At the first trophic level plants may be eaten by
animals but at succesive levels it is a case of animals
eating animals, e.g. barn owls eating voles.
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Question 15
A student sets up this experiment to investigatewhether germinating seeds take up oxygen. The
experiment is inadequately designed because
germinating
seeds
soda-
lime
(d) the volume of O2 taken up will be
the same as the volume of CO2 given
out
(c) there is no temperature control
(b) there are not enough seeds
(a) there is no control experiment
Question 16
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This is a serious fault in the design. There should be an
identical experiment with dead seedlings to establish thatany oxygen uptake is the result of a living process in the
seedlings
Yes
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The student might get quicker results if there were more
seedlings but this is not a fault in the experimental design
No
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Without a any form of temperature control the apparatuswill behave like an air thermometer. Any change in the
temperature will cause the air in the flask to expand or
contract and affect the level of the liquid in the delivery
tube
If the flask was in a container of water, temperature
fluctuations would be very much reduced
Yes
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The volume of carbon dioxide given off will be the same as
the volume of oxygen taken up but the soda lime absorbs
the carbon dioxide.
No
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Question 16
The composition of blood leaving the kidney will differ from
that entering the kidney by having
(d) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, more glucose, less
salt and urea
(c) more oxygen, less carbon dioxide, less salt and urea
(b) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, less salt and urea
(a) less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, more salt and urea
Question 17
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No
Respiration in the kidneys will use oxygen and
produce carbon dioxide but urea and salt are
removed by the kidneys
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Yes
Respiration in the kidneys uses oxygen and produces
carbon dioxide. The energy released is used to remove
urea and excess salt
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No
Respiration in the kidneys reduces the oxygen
concentration in the blood and increases the carbon
dioxide concentration
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No
This is mainly correct but the glucose concentration will
not be increased in blood leaving the kidney. In fact it is
likely to be reduced as a result of respiration
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Question 17
For photosynthesis to take place, a green plant needs
(d) Carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and water
(b) Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and minerals
(a) Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight
(c) Carbon dioxide, oxygen, chlorophyll and water
Question 18
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Yes
All these are needed for photosynthesis to take place
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No
Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis.
Minerals are not needed for photosynthesis itself but are
used to help convert the glucose into other products
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Oxygen is not needed for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen
Sunlight, however, is needed
No
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Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis to takeplace
No
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Question 18
Which of the following compounds would you classify as
an enzyme?
(d) Calciferol
(c) Adenine
(b) Sucrase
(a) Sucrose
Question 19
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NoTheose ending tells you that the compound is a sugar
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YesThease ending indicates that the compound is an
enzyme.
This enzyme. sucrase, acts on sucrose and converts
it to glucose and fructose
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No
Adenine is an organic base. It occurs in DNA
and RNA and a number of other compounds. It
is not an enzyme
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NoCalciferol is Vitamin D. It is not an enzyme
Question 19
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Question 19
Which of the following are good sources of protein?
(d) Potato
(c) Baked beans
(b) Banana
(a) Herring
Question 20
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Yes.
Herring are an excellent source of protein having 16g protein
per 100 g fish.
They are also a valuable source of unsaturated fats andvitamin E
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No
Bananas have only 1g protein per 100g fruit. They
provide mainly carbohydrate
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Yes
Though not as good as herring, baked beans in tomato
sauce provide 6g protein per 100g beans
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No
Potatoes provide mainly carbohydrate in the form of
starch. They contain only 1.4g protein per 100g potato
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Question 20
In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria which can convert nitrogenin the air into nitrates are called
(d) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
(c) nitrite bacteria
(b) denitrifying bacteria
(a) nitrate bacteria
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No
Nitrate bacteria convert nitrites in the soil to
nitrates
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No
Denitrifying bacteria break down nitrates in the
soil and release atmospheric nitrogen
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Yes
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can use nitrogen in the air to
produce nitrates. These bacteria are found mostly in the
root nodules of plants of the pea and bean family
(leguminous plants)
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End of questions
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