INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTALGOVERNANCE:
THELAW-MAKERSDRANNALISASAVARESI
LecturerinEnvironmentalLawUniversityofStirling,UK
Internationalclimatechangelaw
UNFCCC,1992
KyotoProtocol,1997
ParisAgreement,2015
Howinternationallawaddressesclimatechange
Mitigation,adaptation
Finance
Information
Technology
Therolesofclimatechangetreaties
• Establishingmechanismsandproceduresforadoptingrulesonclimatechange-relatedaction,settlingdisputesandsupervisingimplementationandcompliance
Constitutional
• Settingstandardsforpreventing/mitigatingclimatechangeandforgrapplingwithitsimpacts
Regulation
• Settinghomogenouspracticesacrossjurisdictionstoreportemissionsandemissionreductionactivities
Harmonisation
Internationalclimatebureaucracy
COP21Paris,2015
ParisAgreement
Whatisit?
Whatdoesitdo?
Wherenext?
TheParisAgreement:Whatisit?
AProtocol?Anonlegallybindingdocument?
Apoliticaldeclaration?
Legalform
• CertainlyatreatyasdefinedunderArticle2.1.aVCLT• Mostpossiblyaprotocolinanythingbutname• RelationshipwiththeUNFCCCandtheKyotoProtocoltobeassessedonthebasisofParties’interpretationandfutureimplementation
Savaresi,TheParisAgreement:ANewBeginning?(2016)JournalofEnergy&NaturalResourcesLaw
Savaresi,TheParisAgreement:ARejoinder(2016)EJILTalk!
ParisAgreement:Whatdoesitdo?
Evolutionininternationalclimategovernance
Topdown
Bottomup
Obligationsofconduct(means)
Obligationsofresult
ParisAgreement:Coreelements
GlobalGoal
NationallyDeterminedContributions
Levelingpartiesobligations
MitigationReviewofeffectiveness
Reviewofimplementation
Reviewofcompliance
Transpa-rency
Acomparisonwithexistingclimatetreaties
WiththeUNFCCC
• ParisAgreementgreatleveller ofParties’obligations,mostsalientlyinrelationtomitigation andtheprovisionofinformation.
WiththeKyotoProtocol• DiminishedlegalforceattachedtoParties’mitigationcommitmentscompensatedbytheecumenicalpursuitofemissionreductions,aswellasbyaunitarysystemforthereviewofimplementation,complianceandeffectiveness.
Wherenext?
AdoptionParis,December
2015
OpenedforsignatureNewYork,April2016ChinaandUS
RatificationSeptember2016 Entryintoforce
November2016DesigningtheParis
Agreement‘rulebook’
Implementationby2020