Intro and Chapter 9
Conquered England
•William of Normandy (the
Conqueror
Apostle who spread Christianity thoughout the Greek speaking
world
Paul
First to divide the Roman Empire
•Diocletian
Moved the Roman capital to Byzantium
•Constantine
First to unify Europe after the fall of Rome
•Charlemagne
Declared the independence of the Church from lay appointments
•Gregory VII
Forced to sign the Magna Carta
•John
Pope who issued the Unam Sanctam
•Boniface VIII
His claim to the French throne was the spark that began the Hundred
Years’ War
•Edward III
Relative of the deceased French king who was declared the new king (rather than Edward III of England
•Philip VI
With Wat Tyler he began a peasant rebellion in England
•John Ball
French king known for his piety
•Louis IX
He was excommunicated by the Pope four times and was
defeated by his German nobles
•Frederick II
Infant king of England and France
•Henry VI
Young woman who inspired the French to drive the English out of
France
•Joan of Arc
Ended Mongol rule in Russia and brought much of Russia under
Moscow’s control
•Ivan III (the Great)
Pope of the early 13th century who promoted the doctrine of papal
Plenitude of Power
•Innocent III
French pope who moved the headquarters of the Church to
Avignon, France
•Clement V
French king who won the Hundred Years’ War
•Charles VII
English scholar who criticized the wealth of the clergy and papal
infallibility; and argued for the authority of scripture over Pope or Councils
•John Wycliffe
Victor at the Battle of Agincourt who was declared the heir to the
French throne
•Henry V
His dispute with the pope over taxation of the clergy sparked the “Babylonian
Captivity” of the church
•Philip IV (the “Fair”)
This Avignon pope introduced the practice of the selling of
indulgences as a way to raise funds
•Clement VI
His criticisms of the church, emphasis on the Bible, and simpler forms of worship led to his fiery end
•John Huss
Asian based warriors who gained control of Russia for 3 centuries
•Mongols
Group from what is today eastern France who switched sides during
the Hundred Years’ War
•Burgundians
Along with William of Ockham, he argued for the independence of
monarchs from Papal control
•Marsilius of Padua
These high officials in the Church supervised a number of
congregations in their region
•bishops
The general term for men ordained to carry on ministry in the church
•clergy
Someone who was obligated to fight when called upon by the landowner
who had granted him land
•vassal
Organizations of craftsmen who controlled the training, quality of
production, and employment of people in their craft
•guild
Scholars who pursued knowledge by use of Aristotelian logic
•Scholastics
A general term for the townspeople of the late Middle Ages
• Burghers(or bourgeoisie or
burgess)
A general term for the people who worked the land during feudalism
•peasants
The people of the church who are not ordained for ministry
•laity
An agricultural worker who was not free to leave the manor upon which
he and his family worked
•serf
Followers of Wycliffe’s teachings
•lollards
The conflict between England and France that began early in the 14th
century
•Hundred Years’ War
This French legislature was created during the Hundred Years’ War for
the purpose of approving taxes
•Estates General
An anti tax revolt by French peasants
•Jacquerie
This Papal bull declared that the Church was superior over all
secular powers
•Unam Sanctum
The direct tax on French peasants
•taille
Religious zealots who believed beating themselves with whips
would bring an end to the plague
•flagellants
Treaty that ended the vassalage of the English king and gave England
sovereignty over large portions of France
•Bretigny
Law passed by the English Parliament to keep peasant wages
to pre-plague levels
•Statute of Laborers
Genre in art and literature that was intended to remind people of their
mortality and the need for Christian living
•Dance of Death(Danse Macabre)
Followers of John Huss
•Hussites
These clergymen and scholars believed key church decisions should be made by a large group rather than an individual
•conciliarists
Where Huss was executed and where the church was restored to
one pope.
•Constance
This 13th century group, along with the Waldensians, were declared heretical because of their call for a simplicity of religion and separation from the world.
•Cathars
Authored by Marsilius of Padua this writing argued for the independence
of monarchs from Papal authority
•Defender of Peace
Treaty that made Henry V the heir to the French throne
•Treaty of Troyes
Forty-three years after the Council of Constance ended the Great Schism this
Papal bull condemned Councils as a means of making church decisions
•Execrabilis
Key battle of 732
•Battle of Tours
Church event of 1054
•Schism of Roman Catholic and
Eastern Orthodox
1453
•Fall of Constantinope to Turks and End of the 100 Years’ War
1066
• William of Normandy
Conquered England
1215
• King John of England signed the
Magna Carta
800
• Charlemagne crowned emperor
by the Pope
1417
•Council of Constance
1347
•Beginning of the Black Death
1302
•Boniface VIII issued the Unam Sanctum
1378
•Great Schism of the Catholic Church
began
1337
•Beginning of the Hundred Years’ War
1309
•Beginning of the Babylonian Captivity