7/28/2019 Intro Civil Eng
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I I nnt t r r ood d uuc c t t i i oonn t t oo C C i i v v i i l l
E E nng g i i nneeeer r i i nng g
uussiinngg A A++CC A ADD aanndd BBeennttlleeyy
PPoowweer r CCiivviill Permission to copyThe CAD Academy
7/28/2019 Intro Civil Eng
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Civil Engineering is the oldest of all engineering fields. The earliest practices are
believed to be between 4000 and 2000 BC. The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa
2700-2500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structures. CivilEngineering projects help support society or civilians by making roadways, bridges and
dams.
Civil Engineers deal with the design, construction andmaintenance of the environment, both natural and manmade.
Land Development engineering converts raw land into usable
forms.
Much of Civil Engineering begins with a Survey. GPS AERIAL LiDAR- light detection & radar.
Points are imported into CAD to create Triangulated Models – triangles are created to represent ground surface. The DTM – digital
terrain model is then stored in a file called a TIN.
The point information is then used to improve or create: Roadways
Site Development Parking lots Golf Courses
Airports
Subdivision design Hydrology analysis More . . .
Be prepared to learn new terminology. This terminology has remained the same over theyears and perhaps sounds strange at first, but once you understand what it stands for the
rest is easy.
We are going to put in a lot or a home site using Civil Engineering terms.
Open up A+CAD
The first thing we need to do is change our units to
SURVEYERS units.
Type in UNITS at the command line and pressENTER to get the following dialogue box.
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Answer 2 for decimal units
Change places to 8 because of theterminology we will use needs that many places.
Change to SURVEYOR’s UNITS or 5with 8 decimal places as well.
Default to E (east) being 0 and measuring
clockwise.
We are going to draw a LOT that is approximately 100 x 150 so we need to set a sheet
size large enough for the LOT.
At the command line type in:
LIMITS and press ENTER.
Leave the lower left hand corner
of the page at 0,0 so just ENTER.
Change the upper right hand corner to 300,250 because we want plenty of space to drawthe lot.
Zoom extents to “home up the screen”.
Select POLYLINE to begin drawing the LOT.
Select a beginning POINTon the screen by using your
LEFT MOUSE BUTTON.
Move away from that point
and tap the f5 for functionkey 5 until your coordinate
display looks like the one at
RIGHT.
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We are going to use RELATIVE coordinatesor related to the point we just picked.
Type in at the command line: @100<Nand press enter.
What we are saying is we want to go 100
feet at an angle of NORTH.
Should look like display at right. Note that
the second line is not connected, just rubber banded away.
NEXT POINT:
@150<S81D32”E press enter
which means we want to go 150 at andangle of South 81 Degrees 32 seconds
East.
You are using CIVIL terminology here
and note that the entire earth is setup like
this.
Last line is:@150<S13D33’20”E press enter
This means we are going 150 feet at anangle of South 13 Degrees 33 minutes 20
seconds East. Type in CL to close.
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This is also calledLEGAL terminology.
This is from a typical lotdrawing.
Notice the terminology.
With just this shortlesson you can now
understand the
annotation of the
drawing a little bit better.
A great reason to
use a POLYLINEis that you can
EASILY
calculate
GEOMETRYfrom the drawing.
Type in LI (shortfor LIST) and
select the LOT
and press enter.
While this might give you more information that you really want it does give you AREA
and PERIMETER information. So if an ACRE is 43,560 sq feet this lot is less than a half
acre.
Close A+ CAD
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Find the Bentley Power Civil Icon and load the program.
Civil Engineers do not usually create the original geometry they work with, but mayimport data from a data collector or work with a drawing that originated elsewhere. Civil
Engineers work with dirt. When a roadway is built, depending on the terrain, they have
to haul dirt to fill in areas and remove dirt in others (this is called cut and fill). In order todetermine slopes and how much dirt to move they get xyz points and store them in a data
collector. This information is then transferred into a computer and with a civil
engineering program. The points are brought into the program and are
TRIANGULATED – like connect a dot, to calculate this information. There will be anerror ratio, but they calculate this in as well.
If you have never done so, today you will see your first TRIANGULATED CivilEngineering file.
We are going to
open an existing filecalled
COUNTOURS.
Your screen shouldlook something like
this one.
If you get themessage on
units just select OK.
The file is really nested. You
need to go to DATA and thenGEO and then SITE and then
SITE1 and then CHAPTER 8
and you should see the
drawing to open as shown atright.
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You may see this screen. If so, SELECT NO.
Select OK to change units if youreceive this display and close the
ELEMENT SELECTION dialogue
box.
This is a
contour map
showing
major and
minor countours
of an
island.Think of
this as the
Big Islandin Hawaii.
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We need to change thecontours into
information the
program can use or aDTM (digital terrainmodel). In order to do
that we need the DTM
tools.
Select the CIVIL
pulldown and the
DIGITAL TERRAINMODEL
Select DTM from the
SMALL menu bar andthen EXTRACT from the
larger one.
Select GRAPHICS
Type in the name of
our new DTM file weare going to make or
GROUND.DAT
Make sure the
decimal places andeverything matches
as at right.
Select MATCH andthen SELECT a
MINOR contour by
picking it with your left mouse button.
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Select MATCH one more
time. This time select aMAJOR contour line.
Select the ICON to theRIGHT of LvNames and
check Exist_Cont_Major
and Exist_Cont Minor.
Select OK.
Select DISPLAY and it will then turn to
UNDISPLAY
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Select FIT VIEW to home up the display.
Select APPLY. Make sure
the Extract is set to View 1
Congratulation we have now
made a file calledGROUND.DAT.
Close the EXTRACT
GRAPHICS dialogue box.
As mentioned earlier calculations are made using
a triangulated method. This software cantriangulate using points as well as contours. Let’s
get to work and build some triangles.
Select BUILD TRIANGLES from the DTM tool bar.
We are going to use our ground.dat file to create a
ground.tin (triangulated) file. Make sure everything
matches the dialogue at right and select PROCESS.
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We will now take a look at our TIN file and assign what
we want to see and colors for that data.
Select the LOAD DTM feature.
Make sure to use our
ground.tin file and that
the information isexactly as shown at
right.
Double click to turn on lines and labels
and then select LOAD.
This is a TRIANGULATED FILE.
Do not CLOSE this DIALOGUE BOX
as we are using in DISPLAY only mode
and the DISPLAY WILL CHANGE.Use the MINUS at the top to diminish
it.
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At this point the operator couldedit this file and add, move, or
insert more vertexes as needed
and update the file.
You can also do ANALYSIS of this file.
Note how many different options are under
Analysis.
Select PROFILE. WE want to see how the
Island varies in elevation in specific areas.
Civil Engineers usually do a PROFILE of an EXISTING CONDITION and then another
PROFILE of the change.
SELECT the MAGNIFER and then our file
GROUND.TIN and OPEN.
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Select ADD FEATURE button
and our file will appear.
Select CREATE PROFILE.
Select PROFILE ELEMENT.
REDRAW the screen.
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Choosethe
selection
toolshown atright and
then pick
two points on
contour
as
shown.
That is a steep elevation. Right click on your mouse to try another area.
You can
clearly see
that there
aremountains
that slope
to the sea.
If you find Civil Engineering interesting there are amazing jobs in the public or private
sector. If you want to continue on refer to the PowerCivil Training Guide that came with
The CAD Academy and start on Chapter 9.
Lesson is complete