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Ifyou asked why we should educate someone,
we educate them so that they become a good
person, because good persons behave nobly.
-Plato-
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2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. Allrights reserved.
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Ethics
The Meaning/arti Ethics
Prinsip dasar daripada perbuatan atau
tindakan perorangan atau kelompok (Theprinciples of conduct governing an individual or a group)
Standard utk memutuskan perbuatan atautindakan apa yang seharusnya (The standards youuse to decide what your conduct should be)
Ethical behavior depends on a persons frameof reference. (Prilaku etika tergantung padacara pandang seseorang)
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What is Ethic?
Ethics can be defined broadly as
a set of moral principles or values.
Each of us has such a set of values.
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What is value
Kepercayaan atau idealisme (nilai) yang
dipercaya oleh sekelompok budaya,
kepercayaan tentang apa yang baik atau tidak
bisa lakukan. Values mempengatuhi kebiasaan
seseorang..
www.businessdictionary.com
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Individual Value Shape
Pembentukan Value individu
Menurut Richars Brandt, Ethical Theory,
Indivual value dibentuk oleh
Pengaruh rumah/childhood
Peer group/kelompok
Personal experience
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Komponent dari pendekatan etika
Honesty
Integrity
Transparency
Accountability
Confidentiality
Objectivity
Respectfulness
Obedience to the law
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Five Ethical Principles/
5 Prinsip Ethic
Respect Autonomy/hormati privacyIt is assumed that individuals have the right to decide how they live their
lives, as long as their actions do not interfere with the welfare ofothers. One, therefore, has the right to act as a free agent, and hasfreedom of thought and choice.
Do No Harm/jangan menyakitiThe obligation to avoid inflicting either physical or psychological harm on
others may be a primary ethical principle.
Benefit Others/saling menguntungkan
There is an obligation to improve and enhance the welfare of others,even where such enhancements may inconvenience or limit thefreedom of the person offering the assistance.
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Be Just/adil
To be just in dealing with others assumes equaltreatment of all, to afford each individual his orher due portion, and in general, to observe thegolden rule.
Be Faithful/loyal/setiaOne should keep promises, tell the truth, be
loyal, and maintain respect and civility inhuman discourse. Only in so far as we sustainfaithfulness can we expect to be seen as trulytrustworthy.
Kitchener, K.S. (1985). Ethical principles and
decisions in student affairs. In H.J. Canon andR.D. Brown (Eds.). Applied ethics in studentservices (pps. 17-20). San Francisco: JosseyBass, Inc.
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Ethical Dilemmas
Etikal dilema adalah dimana seseorang berada dalam situasi harus membuat
Keputusan dengan prilaku yang seharusnya
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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
1. Obtain the relevant facts.
2. Identify the ethical issues from the facts.
3. Determine who is affected.
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Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
4. Identify the alternatives available to the
person who must resolve the dilemma.
5. Identify the likely consequence
of each alternative.
6. Decide the appropriate action.
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Group Quiz
Buatlah Scenariokan Ethical dilema ! Beserta
Penyelesaiannya berdasarkan langkah dari
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
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Why People Act Unethically
The persons ethical standards are different
from those of society as a whole (standard etika orang berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya)
The person chooses to act selfishly ( orang tsb memilih untuk menjadi lebih
mementingkan diri sendiri).
In many instances, both reasons exist ( di banyak kasus kedua alsan ini timbul)
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A Person Chooses to
Act SelfishlyExample
Person Afinds a briefcase containing
important papers and $1,000.
He tosses the briefcase and keeps the money.
He brags to his friends about his good fortune.
This action probably differs from most of society.
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The purpose of a code of ethics
To promote law abiding, safety-conscious, honest, and ethical
employees, vendors, and stakeholders. (untuk
mempromosikan hukum yang mengikat, keselamatan ,
kejujuran, dan karyawan yang beretika, rekan business, dan
pihak pihak terkait)
To give notice to outside interests that
unethical relationships or behavior will not be
tolerated ( untuk memberi himbauan kepadaumum bahwa hubungan yg tak beritika tidak
akan ditoleransi)